溴甲基化法合成聚[2-甲氧基-5-(2’-乙基己氧基)对苯乙炔]

以对甲氧基苯酚和溴代异辛烷为原料,经醚化、溴甲基化、脱溴化氢反应,成功合成聚[2-甲氧基-5-(2’-乙基己氧基)对苯乙炔](MEH-PPV),其数均分子量为5.7×104。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱(1H-NMR)及紫外可见分光光谱(UV-Vis)对中间产物及MEH-PPV进行结构表征,结果表明,合成的中间产物和MEH-PPV分子结构与文献报道的一致。     

基于聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)表面活性剂和掺杂剂的聚苯胺中空微球EI北大核心CSCD

采用自组装法分别在表面活性剂2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PAMPS)水溶液中合成聚苯胺,用扫描电镜、透射电镜和比表面分析仪对不同表面活性剂合成的聚苯胺进行表征;用PAMPS对聚苯胺进行掺杂,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等探讨PAMPS对聚苯胺的掺杂效应;通过循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法研究PAMPS掺杂聚苯胺的电化学性能。结果表明,PAMPS能够更好地调控聚苯胺的形貌和提高聚苯胺微球的分散性,以及更好地起到表面活性剂效果;PAMPS掺杂后的聚苯胺的电导率提高到了100S/cm级别,比未掺杂态聚苯胺提高了近104倍,具有更大响应电流,展现出更大的电容量。     

双极型均二苯乙烯发光材料的合成和光电特性

已发现三苯胺基和苯并(噁)唑是优良的有机共轭发光材料电荷传输基团.将三苯胺基作为空穴传输基团和苯并(噁)唑作为电子传输基团引入均二苯乙烯分子中,设计并合成了四个新双极小分子发光物质4-二苯氨基-4‘-(2-苯并(噁)唑)均二苯乙烯.通过光谱分析和元素分析等方法确认了其化学结构.所合成化合物的相关分析结果表明化学结构、取代基效应、溶剂环境等因素对其UV-Vis光谱、荧光光谱、荧光量子产率、电致发光谱和启亮电压都产生一定的影响.     

2-苄基-1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酮的合成及其铕配合物光致发光

合成了新的配体2-苄基-1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酮和新的铕配合物Eu(RDBM)3phen,并用元素分析(EA)、IR和UV对配合物进行了表征;配合物Eu(RDBM)3phen在波长328nm激发下,发出以铕的特征发射谱线615nm左右为主的强荧光,对应跃迁为5D0→7F2;2-苄基-1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酮对铕离子具有敏化作用,是铕配合物的良好配体.     

2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑锌的合成及其光谱性能研究

合成了一种纯蓝的发光材料2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑锌(Zn(pbm)2),用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、循环伏安曲线、原子力显微镜以及光致发光光谱、热重等表征了材料的结构、光学带隙、能带结构、成膜性能、发光性能以及热稳定性.实验结果表明,配合物具有较好的热稳定性;在DMSO溶液中Zn(pbm)2的紫外吸收峰波长为299、334、357nm;光学带隙为3.03eV.利用真空热蒸镀法可以得到均匀致密的Zn(pbm)2薄膜,其粗糙度为7.05nm.在365nm紫外光的激发下,产生发光峰在445nm附近,半高宽(FWHM)为81nm的纯蓝光发射.     

茂金属催化5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯与乙烯的共聚

研究了茂金属催化体系[2-C5Me4-6-tBuC6H3O]TiCl2/Al(iBu)3/Ph3CB(C6F5)4催化5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯(ENB)与乙烯(E)的共聚反应。考察了聚合条件对催化活性、共聚物中ENB的含量和共聚物分子量的影响。利用氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对合成的共聚物进行表征。结果表明,在ENB/E共聚反应中,ENB环内双键参与聚合,ENB环外双键(亚乙烯基)保留。合成了ENB物质的量分数高达50.1%和玻璃化转变温度高达170.5℃的共聚物。合成的共聚物分子量分布较窄(PDI=1.93～2.11),最高分子量达到193 kg/mol。     

1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基-3-[2-(三甲氧基硅烷基)乙基]三硅氧烷的合成与表征

以七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)为原料,氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液为催化剂,采用硅氢加成反应,在氮气保护下合成1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基-3-[2-(三甲氧基硅烷基)乙基]三硅氧烷(β-HTEOs),并用气相色谱-色谱连用(GC-MS)、核磁共振谱(1H-NMR、29 Si-NMR)、傅里叶红外变化光谱(FT-IR)对合成产物进行表征;通过探讨反应温度、反应时间、原料配比以及催化剂浓度对硅氢加成反应的影响,得到β-HTEOs合成的最优化条件,采用视频接触角仪测定其在玻璃基材上润湿铺展情况,表明β-HTEOs在玻璃基材上完全铺展,具有较低的表面张力.     

1，3-双（叠氮乙酰氧基）-2-乙基-2-硝基丙烷的合成与性能

以2-乙基-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇为原料,经酯化、叠氮化两步反应,合成出了1,3-二(叠氮乙酰氧基)-2-乙基-2-硝基丙烷(ENPEA),总收率为83%。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对ENPEA的结构进行了表征。探讨了叠氮化反应的影响因素,确定其最佳反应条件为:n(Na N3)n(ENPE)为2.21.0,混合溶剂中水占总体积的13%~20%,反应时间2 h;性能测试得到ENPEA的玻璃化转变温度为-43.4℃,热分解峰温为252.4℃,密度为1.34 g/cm3,特性落高为120.2 cm(落锤2 kg),爆炸概率为4%(摆角66°)。     

Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ纳米晶的合成、微结构和离子导电性

利用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了纳米晶Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ固溶体.热重(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,干凝胶经燃烧后可直接得到粒径约为24nm,具有单相萤石结构的稳定纳米晶.在合成粉末样品的Raman光谱上观测到一个强的低频F2.对称振动峰(460cm-1)和一个较弱的高频峰(570cm-1),分别对应于Ce离子周围的氧离子的对称呼吸振动和氧缺位的产生.采用交流阻抗谱方法研究了1450℃烧结体的晶界体积分数和离子电导率,并探讨了二者之间的关系.     

AM-STD-NaAMPS三元疏水缔合共聚物的表征及耐热性能

以自制的疏水单体苯乙烯衍生物(STD)和丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸钠(NaAMPS)为原料,合成了三元疏水缔合水溶液共聚物PASA。用红外光谱、核磁共振1H谱和DSC分析证实了共聚物的结构,采用元素分析测定了聚合物的组成,通过原子力显微镜对聚合物溶液形态的表征,证实了PASA水溶液疏水微区的存在。TG分析显示PASA具有优良的耐热性能,其分解温度高达312℃。PASA浓度为0.1g/dL时,表观粘度达208mPa.s,表明了其聚合物具有优良的增粘能力。     

H(2)O(2)-sensitized TiO(2)/SiO(2) composites with high photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation

TiO(2)/SiO(2) composite photocatalysts were prepared by depositing of TiO(2) onto nano-SiO(2) particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Raman spectrometer, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were employed to characterize the properties of the synthesized TiO(2)/SiO(2) composites. These results indicated that the products without calcination were amorphous, and calcination could enhance the crystallinity of TiO(2). Increases in the amount of TiO(2) would decrease the dispersion in the composites. H(2)O(2)-sensitized TiO(2)/SiO(2) composite photocatalysts could absorb visible light at wavelength below 550 nm. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared catalysts was characterized by methyl-orange degradation. The results showed the uncalcined composite photocatalysts with amorphous TiO(2) exhibited higher photocatalytic activity under visible light, and the activity of catalysts with TiO(2) content over 30% decreased with increasing of TiO(2) content. Increases in the calcination temperature and TiO(2) content promote the formation of bulk TiO(2) and result in a decrease in activity.     

Electrical conductivity of (ZrO2)0.85(CeO2)0.12 (Y2O3)0.03

A number of zirconia-based materials show promise as electrode materials in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generators. As a part of an exploratory programme to find suitable materials for graded electrode applications in MHD generators, partially stabilized and fully stabilized sintered ceramic materials are prepared and characterized. The oxygen ion transference number t _ion(O^2–) and electrical conductivity of this material are measured up to 1670 K in the oxygen partial pressure range 1 to 10^–6 atm. The activation energies for conduction are determined. The electrical properties of this material are characterized by mixed conduction, ionic and electronic. The observed conductivity data are explained in terms of the defect equilibrium reactions between tetravelent Ce⁴⁺ and trivalent Ce³⁺ ions.     

Acousto-optic interaction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4)and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals

Experimental studies and analysis of acousto-optic diffraction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are given. Ultrasonic wave velocity, elastic compliance and stiffness coefficients, and piezo-optic and photoelastic coefficients of alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are determined. The acousto-optic figure of merit has been estimated for different possible geometries of acousto-optic interaction. It is shown that the acousto-optic figures of merit for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) crystals reach the value M(2)=(270 +/- 70) x 10(-15) s(3)/kg for the case of interaction with the slowest ultrasonic wave. The directions of propagation and polarization of those acoustic waves are obtained on the basis of construction of acoustic slowness surfaces. The acousto-optic diffraction is experimentally studied for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals.     

Hg(0) oxidative absorption by K(2)S(2)O(8) solution catalyzed by Ag(+) and Cu(2+)

The aqueous phase oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) by potassium persulfate (K(2)S(2)O(8), KPS) catalyzed by Ag(+) and Cu(2+) was investigated using a glass bubble column reactor. Concentrations of gaseous Hg(0) and aqueous Hg(2+) were measured by cold vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The effects of several experimental parameters on the oxidation were studied; these include different types of catalysts, pHs and concentrations of potassium persulfate, temperatures, Hg(0) inlet concentrations and tertiary butanol (TBA). The results showed that the removal efficiency of Hg(0) increased with increasing concentration of potassium persulfate and catalysts Ag(+), Cu(2+) and Ag(+) provided better catalytic effect than Cu(2+). For example, in the presence of 5.0mmoll(-1) KPS, the mercury removal efficiency could reach 75.4 and 97.0% for an Ag(+) concentration of 0.1 and 0.3mmoll(-1), respectively, and 69.8 and 81.9% for 0.1 and 0.3mmoll(-1) Cu(2+). On the other hand, high temperature and the introduction of TBA negatively affect the oxidation. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of Hg(0) was much greater in neutral solution than in either acidic or alkaline solution. But the influence of pH was almost eliminated upon the addition of Ag(+) and Cu(2+), and high Hg(0) inlet concentration also has positive impact on the removal efficiency of Hg(0). The possible catalytic oxidation mechanism of gaseous mercury by KPS was also proposed.     

Synthesis and structural study of new potassium uranyl selenates K2(H5O2)(H3O)[(UO2)2(SeO4)4(H2O)2](H2O)4 and K3(H3O)[(UO2)2(SeO4)4(H2O)2](H2O)5

Single crystals of new uranyl selenates K₂(H₅O₂)(H₃O)[(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₄(H₂O)₂](H₂O)₄ (1) and K₃(H₃O)[(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₄(H₂O)₂](H₂O)₅ (2) were prepared by isothermal evaporation at room temperature. The crystal structure of 1 was solved by the direct method [C2/c, a = 17.879(5), b = 8.152(5), c = 17.872(5) Å, β = 96.943(5)°, V = 2585.7(19) ų, Z = 4] and refined to R ₁ = 0.0449 (wR ₂ = 0.0952) for 2600 reflections with |F _o| ≥ 4σ _F . The structure of 2 was solved by the direct method [P2₁/c, a = 17.8377(5), b = 8.1478(5), c = 23.696(1) Å, β = 131.622(2)°, V = 2574.5(2) ų, Z = 4] and refined to R ₁ = 0.0516 (wR ₂ = 0.1233) for 4075 reflections with |F _o| ≥ 4σ _F . The structures of 1 and 2 are based on [(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₄(H₂O)₂]^4? layers. The charge of the inorganic layer is compensated by potassium and oxonium ions arranged in the interlayer space. Each K ion is surrounded by seven O atoms belonging to uranyl selenate layers and water molecules, so that it binds with each other the adjacent uranyl selenate structural elements.     

Ferroelectricity in Simple Binary ZrO(2) and HfO(2)

The transition metal oxides ZrO(2) and HfO(2) as well as their solid solution are widely researched and, like most binary oxides, are expected to exhibit centrosymmetric crystal structure and therewith linear dielectric characteristics. For this reason, those oxides, even though successfully introduced into microelectronics, were never considered to be more than simple dielectrics possessing limited functionality. Here we report the discovery of a field-driven ferroelectric phase transition in pure, sub 10 nm ZrO(2) thin films and a composition- and temperature-dependent transition to a stable ferroelectric phase in the HfO(2)-ZrO(2) mixed oxide. These unusual findings are attributed to a size-driven tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition that in thin films, similar to the anticipated tetragonal to monoclinic transition, is lowered to room temperature. A structural investigation revealed the orthorhombic phase to be of space group Pbc2(1), whose noncentrosymmetric nature is deemed responsible for the spontaneous polarization in this novel, nanoscale ferroelectrics.     

Dielectric properties of K2Zn2(SO4)3 and (NH4)2 Mg2(SO4)3

Dielectric constant (ɛ), dielectric loss (tan δ) and conductivity (σ) for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ have been measured over the frequency range 100 Hz — 100 kHz and in temperature range 30°C — 400°C. The values of static dielectric constant at room temperature are 7.67 and 4.80 for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively. The plots of log σ against reciprocal temperature at different frequencies of these samples merge into a straight line beyond 250°C and the activation energies calculated in this region are found to be 0.67 eV and 1.98 eV for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively.     

Dumbbell-like PtPd-Fe(3)O(4) Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of H(2)O(2)

Dumbbell-like Pt(x)Pd(100-x)-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and studied for electrocatalytic reduction and sensing of H(2)O(2). In 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, the 4-10 nm Pt(x)Pd(100-x)-Fe(3)O(4) NPs showed the Pt/Pd composition-dependent catalysis with Pt(48)Pd(52)-Fe(3)O(4) NPs having the best activity. The Pt(48)Pd(52)-Fe(3)O(4) NPs were tested for H(2)O(2) detection, and their H(2)O(2) detection limit reached 5 nM, which was suitable for monitoring H(2)O(2) generated from Raw 264.7 cells. These dumbbell-like PtPd-Fe(3)O(4) NPs are the most sensitive probe ever reported and can be used to achieve real-time quantitative detection of H(2)O(2) in biological environment for biological and biomedical applications.     

Synthesis of Fe(2)O(3)/TiO(2) nanorod-nanotube arrays by filling TiO(2) nanotubes with Fe

Synthesis of hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) nanostructures on a titania (TiO(2)) nanotubular template is carried out using a pulsed electrodeposition technique. The TiO(2) nanotubes are prepared by the sonoelectrochemical anodization method and are filled with iron (Fe) by pulsed electrodeposition. The Fe/TiO(2) composite is then annealed in an O(2) atmosphere to convert it to Fe(2)O(3)/TiO(2) nanorod-nanotube arrays. The length of the Fe(2)O(3) inside the TiO(2) nanotubes can be tuned from 50 to 550?nm by changing the deposition time. The composite material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible studies to confirm the formation of one-dimensional Fe(2)O(3)/TiO(2) nanorod-nanotube arrays. The present approach can be used for designing variable one-dimensional metal oxide heterostructures.