双馈感应发电机接入电网的三相短路电流峰值评估

短路电流计算是电网规划和保护的基础,文中将双馈感应发电机(DFIG)定子磁链强制分量归算至定子侧,将定子磁链直流分量归算至转子侧,形成静态等值电路,分析转子感应磁链随转速的变化规律,研究转子电阻对故障时定子磁链直流分量动态衰减及其与转子绕组感应过程的影响,推导电网三相短路时DFIG定子短路电流解析式。比较了近端和远端故障时不同撬棒电阻对应定子短路电流特性,提出了DFIG接入电网的三相短路电流峰值评估方法。该方法能有效计算DFIG机端、馈线上下游和其他馈线故障时的三相短路电流峰值序列,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真验证了所提出方法的正确性。     

含多感应发电机的配电网短路计算对称分量法

短路电流计算是分布式电源接入配电网规划和保护的基础。文中根据感应发电机(IG)的故障响应特性,建立IG短路计算的序分量电流源模型;比较不同短路比下配电网发生短路故障时IG端电压和故障电流的响应,揭示出IG短路电流与配电网的耦合关系。应用叠加原理研究IG与配电网正负序网络的交互作用,推导了计及负序电压的故障点短路电流序分量计算公式,提出计算含多IG配电网短路电流的对称分量迭代算法。采用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件中IG的5阶动态模型仿真验证了该方法的正确性。     

感应发电机接入配电网的短路计算序分量模型及算法

分布式发电大规模接入电网将改变潮流和短路电流的分布。利用感应发电机(induction generator,IG)正负序静态等值电路,研究电网不对称故障时定转子磁链序分量相关系数,并结合故障过程中IG暂态磁链特性和转差,建立IG短路计算的序分量电流源模型。比较计及转差前后和不同接入容量时多感应发电机(induction generators,IGs)端电压和短路电流响应,揭示出IGs短路电流与电网节点电压的耦合关系。推导电网故障瞬间IG暂态等值电势,提出计及转差变化的多IGs配电网短路电流的对称分量迭代算法。采用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件中IG的5阶动态模型,仿真验证了所提方法的正确性。     

含异步机风电场的配电网故障特性及其保护分析

研究了含异步机风电场的配电网发生故障时,风电场提供的短路电流特性。从理论上推导了含风电的配电网故障电流关系式,并结合风电场提供的短路电流特性对其特点进行了分析。以PSCAD为平台,构建了典型含风电的配电网仿真模型,在分析故障电流计算式的基础上,仿真研究了风电场接入位置、风电场容量及故障点对配电网故障电流和对保护的影响。研究表明,风电接入配网将影响配网保护的动作特性;风电场容量、接入位置、故障点不同,对保护的影响也不同。     

电网短路故障下DFIG的电磁特性研究

对电网短路故障下双馈感应发电机（Doubly Fed Induction Generator,DFIG）的电磁特性进行研究以提高DFIG的故障穿越能力。在对实际电网进行简化的基础上,利用电路理论的换路原理以及KVL、KCL定律分别对电网三相短路故障发生时和切除时DFIG定子磁链的动态特性进行了理论研究;仿真分析了电网不同地点、不同短路故障类型下DFIG定子磁链和转子电流的变化特性。研究结果表明,电网短路切除时DFIG定子磁链发生突变,在线路电阻电抗比较小的情况下定子磁链跃变为稳态值而不出现暂态直流分量,从而短路切除时转子中不会出现暂态冲击电流。理论研究与仿真分析表明,短路发生时与切除时DFIG具有不同的电磁动态。     

考虑含光伏接入的配电网故障特性研究

光伏并网系统接入配电网后,将会改变传统配电网的辐射结构,导致配网故障后相关电气量发生改变。针对光伏接入后对配电网故障暂态带来的新问题,通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件,搭建了10 kV含光伏接入的配电网模型,从配电网短路故障位置、渗透率和故障类型3方面分析了光伏接入对配网故障短路电流的影响。仿真结果表明,光伏电源的接入会改变配电网的故障电流暂态特性,并且高渗透率接入时影响愈发显著。     

不平衡电压下基于负序电流法的双馈感应发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障仿真研究

定子负序电流是电压平衡情况下双馈感应发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障特征量之一,但实际中三相电压不可能完全对称,由不对称电压产生的负序电流会影响负序电流的大小。鉴于此,如不考虑电压不平衡的影响单纯从负序电流大小判别故障容易误判。当定子发生绕组匝间短路故障时,总的负序电流由不对称电压产生的负序电流分量及定子绕组匝间短路引起的负序电流分量构成。运用多回路理论建立数学仿真模型仿真电压平衡及电压不平衡情况下发生定子绕组匝间短路几种情况,得到电压和电流的基波分量,运用负序阻抗法排除由电压不平衡产生负序电流的影响,得到仅由故障引起的负序电流。仿真结果表明,故障引起的负序电流小于总的负序电流。     

不同转差率对双馈风机撬棒投入后的短路电流影响分析

故障前风机的运行状态会影响低电压穿越运行时双馈风机的短路电流,其中风机的转速是非常重要的一个影响因素。根据磁链守恒推导出了电网发生三相对称短路故障时考虑撬棒电路作用下的双馈风机短路电流表达式,从短路电流的周期分量、暂态直流分量和衰减的转速频率分量详细分析了转差率是如何影响撬棒电路作用下的风机短路电流特性的。并在PSCAD平台上搭建了30 k W的双馈风机模型,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。所得结论为更加深入分析双馈风机的故障特性,探究短路电流的影响因素提供理论基础,有利于保护整定计算的研究。     

双馈风力发电机三相短路电流分析

为了研究双馈风力发电机组的低电压穿越控制问题,分析了双馈风力发电机定子端三相短路时短路电流的产生机理,给出了双馈风力发电机在空载同步转速条件下的定转子短路电流的近似解析表达式.在此基础上,根据双馈风力发电机内部的电磁关系,分析了发电机故障前不同转速、输出有功功率及无功功率等运行状态对双馈发电机短路电流的影响.在理论分析的基础上,建立了3 MW双馈风力发电机的模型,对发电机定子端三相短路故障状态进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明:通过定转子短路电流的近似解析表达式和发电机故障前的初始状态可以有效对双馈发电机短路电流进行定性分析,为进一步研究双馈风力发电机的低电压穿越能力提供了理论依据.     

双馈感应电机在三相对称短路故障下的电流分析

为了研究双馈电机三相短路电流特性从而采取有效的故障保护,对机端短路时的定转子磁链进行了分析,推导出了带Crowbar保护电路的电阻和转子开路两种情况下定子电流最大值的不同表达式。采用Crowbar保护电路,可以有效地保护短路故障时的双馈电机转子绕组和变换器。仔细分析了采用Crowbar时的定子短路电流,得出最严重三相机端短路情况下定子短路电流的近似表达式。仿真结果验证了表达式的准确性。     

Short Circuit Current Calculation Method of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator with Crowbar Protection Based on Flux Transient Characteristics

With the wide application of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), accurate calculation and analysis of the short circuit currents of DFIG with crowbar protection has become very important key to realizing the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of DFIG and establishing the corresponding grid protection scheme. In view of this, a method to calculate the short circuit currents of DFIG with crowbar protection when different types of fault occur in the grid is proposed in this paper. First, the DFIG stator and rotor 2nd-order differential equations in the cases of grid symmetrical fault and asymmetrical fault are established respectively. And the short circuit current calculation model when crowbar resistance remains unchanged in the fault duration is obtained. On this basis, the short circuit current calculation model when crowbar resistance varies in the fault duration is derived. And then, the influence of crowbar resistance and DFIG rotor speed on the short circuit current calculation model is analyzed, including the variation pattern of flux eigenvalues with the crowbar resistance, and the variation feature of flux amplitude and phase angle with the rotor speed. Besides, the transient variation characteristics of different flux components are studied. Finally, time-domain simulation tests verify that the proposed calculation method is correct and applicable to different types of crowbar circuits in the market. Besides, the influence of crowbar resistance and DFIG rotor speed on the stator short circuit current peak, peak time and current frequency in different fault cases is revealed.     

电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略

提出了一种电网对称故障时保持双馈感应风力发电机不脱网运行的新型励磁控制策略。在导出的发电机基本电磁关系的基础上，分析了电网对称故障时发电机的暂态物理过程。为保证故障期间双馈感应发电机转子侧变频器安全运行，新的励磁控制策略针对故障过程中发电机内部电磁变量的暂态特点，控制发电机漏磁链以抵消定子磁链中的暂态直流分量对转子侧的影响。与此同时，利用定子侧电阻对发电机进行灭磁。研究中建立了30kW双馈感应发电机励磁控制实验系统及计算机时域仿真模型。实验证明所提出的励磁控制策略效果显著，同时也检验了仿真模型的精确性。     

Research on Short Circuit Current Characteristics of Doubly-fed Wind Power Generator Considering Converter Regulation

When fault occurs in the grid, the short circuit characteristics of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are more complicated due to the coupling influence of generator electromagnetic transient and converter regulation. In view of this problem, a DFIG stator/rotor short circuit current calculation method considering the transient regulation of both rotor-side and grid-side converters is proposed in this paper. First, DFIG fault equivalent network considering the rotor-side converter control is established, and the analytical expressions of stator/rotor currents in this network are derived. On this basis, considering the DC bus voltage fluctuation, the double-loop transient control process of the gird converter in the short circuit process is described quantitatively. Thus, the mechanism of the second harmonic in the stator short circuit current is revealed, and the expression of the harmonic component is derived. Finally, the analytical expressions of stator and rotor short circuit full currents are obtained. Simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.     

电网电压骤升时DFIG定转子电流分析及无功电流配置改进

在双馈感应发电机（DFIG）高电压穿越（HVRT）问题中,电压骤升引起的暂态过电流不足以触发撬棒保护动作,致使HVRT下的定转子短路电流特性比低电压穿越（LVRT）更复杂。推导了计及电磁暂态过渡过程和转子侧换流器（RSC）调控共同作用影响下的定转子电流表达式。在此基础上考虑并网规范要求的DFIG无功电流支撑,控制RSC和网侧换流器（GSC）输出与骤升幅度相对应的分量,使DFIG工作于无功支持状态。仿真结果表明,定转子电流表达式准确描述了HVRT期间的故障电流,所得结果更具一般性,且对故障电气量的计算具有重要意义;改进无功电流配置实现了DFIG的HVRT。研究结果对掌握DFIG的动态过程具有一定的参考价值。     

用于DFIG风电场接入电网的固态变压器控制策略

固态变压器(SST)作为解决DFIG风电场接入电网所存在问题的一种新的接入方式,得到了越来越多的关注。通过对电网故障情况下DFIG定、转子电压、电流过渡过程机理的分析,提出了通过控制SST风场侧换流器电压的下降和故障切除时电压上升的斜率,来抑制电网故障过程中因电网电压突变而使双馈发电机的电压、电流以及转矩产生的冲击。分析了通过SST控制风场侧电压下降斜率与能量传递、SST直流链等效电容容值的关系,同时也分析了电网故障过程中,风场侧电压与电网电压跌落的关系。最后建立了双馈风力发电机、SST及其控制系统的模型,并针对电网三相短路故障进行了仿真计算,进一步验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

风电场联络线短路电流特性的研究

为了对包含双馈感应风力发电机风电场的联络线保护进行研究,有必要对联络线发生故障时的短路电流特性进行分析。对于联络线对称短路故障,利用双馈风力发电机定、转子磁链的暂态变化机理,推导了双馈风力发电机组在联络线远端和近端故障情况下的定子暂态电流解析表达式。对于不对称短路故障,通过利用对称分量法和双馈感应风力发电机简化正负序等效电路,定性地分析了联络线发生不对称故障时的短路电流特性。仿真结果表明含双馈感应风力发电机的风电场联络线短路电流特性与常规电力系统短路电流特性有明显差别。     

Detection of Winding Faults in Wound Rotor Induction Motor Using Loci of Direct and Quadrature Axes of Rotor Currents

In this paper, loci of direct and quadrature axis of rotor currents are used for online detection of winding fault on stator side as well as rotor side in three-phase wound rotor induction motor. The proposed technique is used for detecting load on induction motor and open circuit fault condition on stator side as well as rotor side. Detection of winding fault is affected by unbalanced supply voltage. In order to overcome this problem, FFT of modulus of direct and quadrature axis is used. The experimental results of rotor current analysis are validated with stator current analysis. Research works reported in the literature are based on stator currents analysis. The proposed technique of detecting winding faults and distinguishing between stator winding faults and unbalanced supply voltage using rotor current is not reported in the literature.     

基于定子绕组并联支路环流特性的发电机故障识别方法

分析了发电机气隙磁势、磁导、磁密、定子绕组两条并联支路的感应电势和电路方程,得到定 子绕组并联支路间的电压差表达式。通过分析正常及故障运行时各参数的变化得到了并联支路电 压差和环流特性,理想电机在正常运行时不存在电压差和环流,而转子绕组短路故障将引起二次谐 波环流,定子绕组短路、定转子气隙静偏心、气隙动偏心故障将引起基波环流。由于不同故障引起 的环流特性存在差别,提出了基于定子绕组并联支路环流特性的发电机故障识别方法,并实测了 SDF-9型故障模拟发电机正常及故障运行时的环流信号,与理论分析结果基本吻合。     

A Fault Equivalent Network Based Method for Calculating the Doubly Fed Wind Power Generator Short-circuit Currents

Abstract—Current research on short-circuit currents of the doubly fed induction generator is all based on the traditional flux analysis theory. In this article, a novel method to calculate the doubly fed induction generator stator and rotor short-circuit currents is proposed based on the fault equivalent network. First, the fault network is decomposed into a no-fault (normal operation) network and a fault supplementary network. On this basis, considering the influence of the terminal voltage phase jump and the rotor-side converter control, from the perspective of function decoupling, the fault supplementary network is further decomposed into the stator-side fault supplementary network and the rotor-side fault supplementary network. Laplace transformation is then used to calculate the current additions of the two fault supplementary networks. Thus, the analytical expressions of all currents under the grid symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit could be derived. Finally, both simulation and dynamic experiment results verify that the doubly fed induction generator short-circuit current expressions derived with the proposed method are correct, which facilitates the short-circuit current calculation and relay protection setting of a power grid with a doubly fed induction generator connection.