设计激光波面整形器的一种改进算法

波面整形器是现代光子技术中具有重要科学意义和实际应用的研究课题。本文深入研究二元光学波面整形器的设计方法，在常用计算方法的基础上提出了一种改进的计算方法用于整形器的设计，并且取得了衍射效率大于９５％，平均偏差小于０．５％的结果。     

基于免疫遗传算法的二元光学元件的位相设计

在激光诱导扩散中,需要利用二元光学元件对激光器输出的高斯光束进行整形,以实现曝光区的温度分布均匀化。为了得到二元光学元件的位相分布,采用免疫遗传对相位分布进行设计。免疫遗传算法中采取变频率的交叉操作、变异操作,克服了遗传算法在局部搜索解空间上效率差的缺点,并使算法跳出局部极大值的能力得到了增强。采取由正向记忆细胞库提取的免疫疫苗对抗体群进行接种,使群体的进化方向得到引导,提高了算法的进化效率;采取由反向记忆细胞库提取的劣化疫苗对抗体群进行反向接种,减少算法的重复运算,极大地抑制了群体退化;采用B、T细胞的作用机制,保持群体在进化过程中的多样性,很大程度上抑制了算法未成熟收敛。运算结果表明,免疫遗传算法较遗传算法具有更高的算法效率和更强的寻优能力。最后考虑到实际加工,对最优解做适当调整得到了更适合于实际加工的二元光学元件的位相分布。     

关于光学元件波面测量中的功率谱密度

讨论了光学件波面检测中 ,采用功率谱密度 (PSD)作为重要评价参数的原因、相关的国际标准、PSD计算方法及PSD结果的评价准则等。虽然所进行的讨论主要是针对高功率激光系统中的光学元件检测 ,但对于其它应用领域的检测也是有借鉴意义的     

二元光学折/衍混合消色差望远物镜设计

首先从光栅衍射理论出发导出衍射光学元件的色散公式，并进一步推导出用一种材料进行折／衍混合消色差望远物镜设计的公式。最后给出全折射型、一个混合型消色差和一个改进型消色差望远物镜的例子，并进行了比较。结果说明，混合型透镜的性能优于全折射型透镜，而改进型消色差物镜的总体性能优于原混合消色差物镜     

微电子二元光学器件制作工艺研究

二元光学器件的基本制作工艺是超大规模集成电路中的微电子加工技术,但微电子加工属薄膜图形加工,主要控制的是二维的薄膜图形,而二元光学器件则是一种表面的三维浮雕结构,因为要同时控制平面图形的精细尺寸和纵向深度,所以其加工难度增大。     

半导体激光器列阵二元光学准直器的设计和制作

阐述了二元光学元件用于半导体激光器列阵准直的新方法 ,并设计制作了二元光学准直器。针对半导体激光器列阵的特点 ,采用综合平衡方法进行设计和制作 ,使其理论衍射效率超过 5 1 %。     

二元光学元件激光直写设备主轴速度调节的一种新方法

介绍了二元光学元件激光直写设备的精密伺服控制系统,分析了主轴伺服系统的结构与控制系统的性能要求,在二元光学元件激光直写设备中,主轴速度调节效果的好坏是决定刻划效率与精度的关键因素之一,本文提出了利用离焦信号的特点,判断出离焦信号的极值点,并计算相邻极值点之间的时间间隔,最终估算出离焦信号频带,并依据离焦信号的频带自动调节主轴速度的新方法。采用此方法可极大地提高刻划效率。     

位相型衍射光学元件设计的混合算法

针对传统的光束整形算法在设计位相型衍射光学元件时效果差的缺点,本文提出了一种适合于位相型衍射光学元件设计的新混合算法.该混合算法是将变尺度BFGS算法融入遗传算法中,其中变尺度BFGS算法主要用于局部搜索,同时将罚函数优化准则用于成本函数的构造中.相比于传统的优化算法,该混合算法具有效率高、收敛快和稳定性好等优点.作为一个设计实例,我们分别将传统模拟退火算法和该混合算法应用到高斯光束整形中,进行了数值模拟,为了考察该混合算法的可靠性,设定了衍射效率和信噪比两个技术指标.设计结果表明:该混合算法收敛速度快,设计效费比优,仅需少量的迭代次数就能达到高衍射效率和高信噪比的要求.用该混合算法设计的衍射光学元件,能极大地改善整形效果,在均匀性要求较高的场合有广泛的应用前景.     

飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件

光学器件正在向着小型化、集成化以及柔性可变形等方向发展,基于集成微纳光学器件的光学系统以其较低的功耗、快速的响应时间以及高信息容量等优势脱颖而出。然而目前的高精度微纳加工手段如聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)刻蚀、半导体光刻等工艺复杂,且缺乏灵活性。飞秒激光作为一种非接触、高精度、高脉冲强度的“冷”加工工具在微纳加工方面受到格外青睐。本文首先阐述了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件的背景及相关机理,然后讨论了提高飞秒激光加工分辨率的各种方法,接着综述了基于飞秒激光的多种先进加工手段,其后总结了近年来飞秒激光加工微透镜、光栅、光波导以及光子晶体方面的代表性研究进展。最后,本文概括了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件研究领域所面临的挑战以及未来发展方向。     

数码技术在光学显微镜中的应用

利用光学接口设备将数码相机通过作者开发的软件接口及应用软件与常规显微镜相连接，从而实现了金厢照片及检验报告的自动化，数字化管理，介绍了系统组成，硬件配置，软件功能和应用实例。     

Controlled supercontinua via spatial beam shaping

Abstract

Recently, optimization techniques have had a significant impact in a variety of fields, leading to a higher signal-to-noise and more streamlined techniques. We consider the possibility for using programmable phase-only spatial optimization of the pump beam to influence the supercontinuum generation process. Preliminary results show that significant broadening and rough control of the supercontinuum spectrum in the visible region are possible without loss of input energy. This serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration that spatial effects can controllably influence the supercontinuum spectrum, leading to possibilities for utilizing supercontinuum power more efficiently and achieving excellent spectral control.     

Generating function approach for creation of coherent multimode beams by diffractive optics

Tailored compositions of transverse modes provided by mathematical generating functions are exploited for the synthesis of multimode laser beams in free space. We show that analytical equations which are available for the generating functions provide physical insight into modal phase and power balance in multimode coherent light beams. Multimode coherent beams were created by methods of diffractive optics implementing the generating functions. Experimental and computer simulated results demonstrate a good match.     

Efficient numerical method of freeform lens design for arbitrary irradiance shaping

A computational method to design a lens with a flat entrance surface and a freeform exit surface that can transform a collimated, generally non-uniform input beam into a beam with a desired irradiance distribution of arbitrary shape is presented. The methodology is based on non-linear elliptic partial differential equations, known as Monge-Ampère PDEs. This paper describes an original numerical algorithm to solve this problem by applying the Gauss-Seidel method with simplified boundary conditions. A joint MATLAB-ZEMAX environment is used to implement and verify the method. To prove the efficiency of the proposed approach, an exemplary study where the designed lens is faced with the challenging illumination task is shown. An analysis of solution stability, iteration-to-iteration ray mapping evolution (attached in video format), depth of focus and non-zero étendue efficiency is performed.     

Measurement of the quality of laser beams by methods of fourier optics

A new method of determining the magnitude of M², the coefficient of exceedance of the diffraction limit of the divergence of a laser beam, based on the principles of Fourier optics is proposed. By means of the new method, it is possible to substantially simplify the design of the measuring transducer and expand the types of devices that may be used to measure the parameters of laser beams. An experimental comparison of the proposed method with the method regulated by ISO Standard 11146 is conducted. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 42–45, October, 2006.     

Binary TLBO algorithm assisted for designing plasmonic nano bi-pyramids-based absorption coefficient

A new efficient binary optimization method based on Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed to design an array of plasmonic nano bi-pyramids in order to achieve maximum absorption coefficient spectrum. In binary TLBO, a group of learners consisting of a matrix with binary entries controls the presence (‘1’) or the absence (‘0’) of nanoparticles in the array. Simulation results show that absorption coefficient strongly depends on the localized position of plasmonic nanoparticles. Non-periodic structures have more appropriate response in term of absorption coefficient. This approach is useful in optical applications such as solar cells and plasmonic nano antenna.     

高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器的优化和设计

针对高功率掺杂光纤激光器设计中存在的多个设计参数无法全局最优化的问题,本文提出一种高效灵活的遗传算法对高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器的六个重要参数（泵浦波长、信号波长、谐振腔的反射率、光纤长度、掺杂浓度、泵浦功率）同时进行多维变量优化。该方法采用一种全局优化算法（遗传算法1,分别讨论了在输出信号功率作为遗传算法中的目标函数时,高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器的各个系统参数配置。实验结果表明,在所设定的波长范围内,最优的泵浦波长和信号波长分别为975nm和1044nm;最优光纤长度和掺杂浓度有一一对应的取值;谐振腔输入镜面反射率应越大越好,而输出镜面反射率与泵浦功率的大小相关。     

Dielectric mirrors for high power laser applications

Development of low loss dielectric high reflecting mirrors for high power laser applications presents some problems in selecting suitable thin film materials and in understanding their optical constants. Some of these problems have been solved by a systematic study of the dependence of optical constants on different evaporation parameters for a number of thin film materials. Using the data thus obtained high reflecting dielectric mirrors for different laser applications in theuv, visible and near-infrared regions were successfully developed indigenously by the method of vacuum evaporation.     

Momentum in nonlinear optics

Abstract

Although it is well known that light carries momentum and exerts a pressure on objects, a conservation of momentum principle is apparently rarely used in optics. In nonlinear optics light waves interact and may exchange both energy and momentum. We demonstrate that a conservation of momentum principle holds in these cases and in fact its use is widespread but generally unrecognized in the standard mathematical methods. In both the cases of linear basis waves interacting nonlinearly, e.g. coupled-wave theory and frequency mixing, and fully nonlinear waves, we demonstrate that a governing Hamiltonian is related to momentum. Action principles are used to discuss the generality of these results.     

Beam shaping with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna

针对星载DBF有源相控阵天线发射波束赋形的实际需要,提出了一种基于有限幅度加权的波束赋形方案。采用双重编码遗传算法实现了该方案。分别采用有限位长度的二进制编码和实数编码对阵列加权矢量的幅度和相位进行编码,使得阵列加权矢量的幅度仅在几个离散的台阶上变化,限制了阵列加权矢量幅度的动态范围,该方案在方向图旁瓣和功率放大器的效率之间取得了折衷,更适合于实际应用。与复数编码遗传算法相比,在保持最优解的精确度的同时,由于幅度维上搜索空间的减小,加快了算法的收敛速度。为了进一步提高算法收敛速度和避免算法“早熟” ,提出了一种基于”物种多样性“选择保留策略,并对算法采用了自适应交叉和变异概率,使算法更有把握得到全局最优或准最优解。     

纳米颗粒的短脉冲激光烧蚀制备及其非线性光学应用

本文主要介绍了纳米颗粒的短脉冲激光制备及其在非线性光学领域的应用。短脉冲激光制备纳米颗粒具有纯度高、操作简单和适用性广等优点,所制备的非线性纳米颗粒尺寸分布均匀,粒度小且可调控,在非线性光学材料中有着独特的地位。为了更深入地对此进行研究,本文介绍了纳米颗粒的光学非线性和激光的特点和原理。在此基础上,通过阐述短脉冲激光与物质相互作用的机理,说明了激光制备纳米颗粒所具有的优点,详细分析了制备条件对合成纳米颗粒的影响,并结合激光制备不同的纳米颗粒,介绍当前激光制备各类纳米颗粒的研究现状。激光制备纳米颗粒是一种操作简便、适用性广,且对环境友好的方法。