NaY分子筛的改性及对FCC汽油选择吸附脱硫的研究

利用草酸对NaY分子筛进行脱铝改性制备了NH4Y分子筛,NH4Y分子筛经过焙烧制得HY分子筛,再用实验制得的NH4Y分子筛进行液相离子交换和焙烧制得Ce（Ⅳ）Y分子筛。对分子筛进行静态吸附脱硫对比实验,并利用微库仑综合分析仪对静态和动态处理过的FCC汽油样品进行硫含量测定。结果表明,在静态条件下,Ce（Ⅳ）Y比HY分子筛的吸附脱硫效果略好,二者吸附脱硫率分别为79.0%和77.8% 。在动态条件下,Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛能够脱掉HY分子筛较难脱除的二甲基噻吩类硫化物。再生后的成型Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛的吸附能力可达到新鲜Ce（Ⅳ）Y分子筛的95.5%。     

选择性吸附脱硫分子筛催化剂的制备及性能

采用酸性法与液相离子交换相结合的方法制得Ni（Ⅱ）HY和Ce（Ⅳ）Y分子筛,利用静态吸附脱硫法考察了吸附温度和时间对Ni（Ⅱ）HY分子筛吸附催化裂化（FCC）汽油脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在吸附温度为80℃、吸附时间为8h的最优条件下,Ni（Ⅱ）HY分子筛的脱硫率达到92．6％。在动态条件下,采用具有2个串联反应器,并分别装填Ni（Ⅱ）HY,Ce（IV）Y分子筛的固定床处理后FCC汽油的硫含量低于10ug／g。     

Cu(Ⅰ)Y分子筛吸附剂的制备及其脱硫性能

采用水热离子交换法制备了Cu(Ⅱ)Y分子筛,对Cu(Ⅱ)Y分子筛进行活化处理制得Cu(Ⅰ)Y分子筛吸附剂,在固定床中考察了吸附温度、操作压力和液态空速对Cu(Ⅰ)Y分子筛吸附剂脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明,Cu(Ⅱ)Y分子筛适宜的离子交换条件为:Cu(NO3)2溶液浓度0.5 mol/L、固液比(离子交换过程中NaY分子筛与Cu(NO3)2溶液的质量比)0.05、交换温度135℃、交换时间12 h;在低于600℃时,活化温度越高,活化时间越长,Cu(Ⅰ)Y分子筛吸附剂的脱硫性能越好,适宜的活化条件为在N2中500℃下活化6 h;在固定床中,Cu(Ⅰ)Y分子筛吸附剂适宜的脱硫条件是常温、常压、液态空速10 h-1,在此条件下,Cu(Ⅰ)Y分子筛吸附剂对模型汽油的饱和硫容量为8.61%。     

烯烃对Ce(IV)Y分子筛选择性吸附脱硫的影响

以含噻吩的模拟油为原料,考察不同烯烃类型及含量对Ce(IV)Y分子筛选择性吸附脱硫性能的影响。静态脱硫试验结果表明,当模拟油中存在微量的烯烃（0.03%）时,对Ce(IV)Y的脱硫效果影响较小,随着烯烃含量的增加,Ce(IV)Y分子筛的深度脱硫能力显著降低。在相同烯烃含量时,不同烯烃类型对Ce(IV)Y分子筛的脱硫效果影响程度由大到小的顺序为： 1,5-己二烯 > 环己烯 > 1-己烯≈1-辛烯。吸附前后Ce(IV)Y分子筛样品的FT-IR分析结果表明,噻吩通过两种吸附模式作用在Ce(IV)Y分子筛上,Ce(IV)Y分子筛能够选择性吸附含微量烯烃（0.03%）的模拟油中的噻吩;而对烯烃含量高（3％）的模拟油脱硫时,分子筛直接和烯烃的双键发生强相互作用,占据吸附剂的活性位,导致Ce(IV)Y分子筛脱硫性能显著降低。     

汽油中不同硫化物在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上的选择性吸附

考察液相离子交换法制备的Ce(IV)Y分子筛对催化裂化汽油(FCC)(S质量分数为106μg/g)和模拟油(S质量分数为500μg/g)中不同硫化物的选择性吸附性能.通过SCD(硫发光检测器)气相色谱检测出催化裂化汽油主要含噻吩(T)、2-甲基噻吩(2-MT)、3-甲基噻吩(3-MT)、四氢噻吩(THT)等硫化物.固定床穿透试验结果表明,Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛选择性吸附催化裂化汽油中的硫化物时,对不同硫化物的吸附能力不同,其中最容易吸附的是THT.模拟油脱硫试验结果表明,不同硫化物在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上的吸附容量存在明显差异.按穿透吸附容量排列的硫化物顺序为THT＞3-MT＞T＞2-MT,对应的穿透吸附容量分别为13.8、6.3、6.0和4.8 mg/g.为了进一步研究不同硫化物在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛的吸附行为,运用密度泛函理论分子模拟计算了不同硫化物上的硫原子电子密度,计算结果和试验值相吻合.     

改性后分子筛吸附硫的性能研究

采用Y型分子筛,通过水热交换法引入金属离子,并将其用于吸附柴油中的含硫化合物。实验采用La,Ce,Ni三种不同金属离子,在85~100℃下制备金属离子改性分子筛脱硫剂。将制成的脱硫剂浸渍在直馏柴油中24 h后测试硫含量。研究结果表明,采用Ni离子,在100℃的交换温度下制备的改性分子筛脱硫剂脱硫效果最好,在静态吸附条件下,脱硫率可以达到74.22%。     

噻吩、苯在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上的吸附行为

采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、频率响应（FR）、程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了噻吩、苯在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上的吸附扩散性能。结果表明,噻吩与苯和Ce(IV)Y分子筛的作用机理不同：噻吩在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上不易脱附,作用力较强,通过S-Ce和π作用两种方式被吸附,以金属S-Ce键作用为主;而苯在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上容易脱附,作用力较弱,通过π作用被吸附。噻吩在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上存在两种吸附模式,而苯在Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛上频率响应谱图则只检测到扩散过程。苯存在时Ce(Ⅳ)Y对噻吩的选择吸附性能随着模拟油中苯含量的增加而显著降低,但Ce(Ⅳ)Y分子筛还具有深度脱硫的能力。     

分子筛基液化石油气精脱硫吸附剂的制备与评价

考察了5A,ZSM-5,13X,NaY等不同类型分子筛的脱硫性能,并以NaY分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了以Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+为活性组分的分子筛基液化石油气(LPG)精脱硫吸附剂,考察了吸附剂的制备条件,并采用固定床反应器考察了吸附条件对吸附剂脱硫效果的影响。实验结果表明,CuY吸附剂的脱硫性能最好,其适宜的制备条件为:以Cu(NO3)2为活性组分前体,吸附剂中Cu的负载量为9%(w)、浸渍温度60℃、焙烧温度400℃、焙烧时间2 h。在吸附温度为常温、0.6MPa、液态空速1 h-1的条件下,CuY吸附剂可使LPG中的硫含量从198 mg/m3降至5 mg/m3以下。当LPG中的硫含量降至5 mg/m3时,CuY吸附剂的计算穿透硫容为1.23%(w)。     

金属改性原位晶化NaY分子筛对噻吩硫的吸附性能研究

以原位晶化NaY型分子筛为载体,选择铬、锰、钴三种过渡金属离子,通过液相离子交换法制备了CrNaY、MnNaY、CoNaY三种改性分子筛吸附剂。采用静态吸附脱硫法对这三种吸附剂的脱硫性能进行评价。实验结果表明,CrNaY对含噻吩和2-甲基噻吩的模型汽油的脱硫效果最好,且对2-甲基噻吩的脱除率大于噻吩脱除率。在93℃、吸附时间为1h、剂油比为0.5的条件下,CrNaY对噻吩的脱除率为70.03%。此外,采用非水溶液回滴法对三种吸附剂的表面总酸度进行测定,结果显示CrNaY的总酸度最大,而其脱硫效果也最好,表明随着吸附剂总酸度的增强,其脱硫性能也增强。     

离子改性Y分子筛的脱硫性能和脱附行为

 考察了3种Y分子筛的吸附脱硫性能和溶剂脱附性能,并讨论了Y分子筛的脱硫机理。XRD 分析表明,多次煅烧对Y分子筛骨架具有不良影响;静态吸附实验结果表明,AgY、CeY 分子筛的吸附脱硫率高于 NaY 的。分子筛动态吸附性能分析表明,NaY、AgY、CeY 的吸附容量分别为0.39、 11.01、 13.67 mg S/g;随着原料S质量浓度增加,吸附剂的穿透时间缩短;流出液S质量浓度始终达不到原料S质量浓度值。乙醇脱附实验结果表明,乙醇脱附剂对S吸附饱和的 NaY 的脱附率较高,AgY 分子筛次之,CeY 的脱附率相对较低;3种分子筛脱附率的差别与其吸附作用力类型有关,吸附力越强,脱附越困难;S吸附饱和的 AgY 分子筛的脱附率在90%以上,表明利用脱附剂对吸附饱和的分子筛进行脱附是行之有效的。     

改性Y型分子筛对石脑油脱硫效果的研究

NH4Y zeolite was prepared through ion-exchange of NaY zeolite with an ammonium salt. Then LaY zeolite was obtained through a secondary ion-exchange of NH4Y zeolite with a rare earth salt solution followed by calcination of the zeolite product. Dynamic adsorptive desulfurization of naphtha was conducted in the presence of the modified LaY zeolite, and the sulfur content of the treated naphtha samples was analyzed by microcoulometry. The test results showed that under dynamic conditions the LaY zeolite prepared through secondary ion-exchange of NH4Y zeolite, which was prepared using 1.0 mol/L ammonium salt, with the rare earth salt exhibited a better desulfurization efficiency. Furthermore, the LaY zeolite achieved a best desulfurization effect at an adsorption temperature of 45 ℃ and an adsorbent/oil ratio of 1:2.     

Preparation of the Modified Y Zeolite for Removal of Organic Sulfur Compounds from FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Ce(IV)-loaded modified NaY (NH₄Y) zeolite was prepared for selective adsorptive desulfurization from fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline. Ce(β)Y was obtained from NH₄Y using a liquid-phase ion-exchange method. Ce(IV)Y was obtained from calcining Ce(β)Y at 550°C. The structures of the Ce(IV)Y and NaY samples, selective adsorption of organic sulfur compounds on Ce(IV)Y and NaY zeolite, sulfur content of FCC gasoline, and mechanism for adsorption of thiophene on Ce(IV)Y and NaY zeolite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography–sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD), sulfur analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), frequency response (FR), and intelligent gravimetric analysis (IGA). The selective adsorption desulfurization from FCC gasoline containing organic sulfur compounds (S = 135 μg/g) was investigated with Ce(IV)Y adsorbent for removal.

The sulfur content was reduced to 20.14 μg/g. The thiophene adsorption mechanism showed that Ce(IV)Y can adsorb thiophene via π electronic interaction directly, and thiophene and Ce(IV) can form a stable sulfur–metal bond (S-M bond) that enhances the adsorption capacity of Ce(IV)Y for thiophene. This method for the modification of NaY zeolite provides a promising selective desulfurization process to prepare clean fuels.     

Investigation on Modification of NaY Zeolite and Its Behaviors in Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization of FCC gasoline

NaY zeolite was modified with oxalic acid, and Ce(IV)Y(1) zeolite was obtained via liquid phase ion exchange between the modified NaY zeolite and cerium nitrate. The Ce(IV)Y(2) zeolite was obtained via liquid phase ion exchange between NaY zeolite and cerium nitrate. The performance of two Y zeolites [Ce(IV)Y(1) and Ce(IV)Y(2)] was compared through static selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline at room temperature and normal pressure. The sulfur compounds and contents of the FCC gasoline were a...     

FCC汽油临氢吸附脱硫工艺研究

在固定床吸附装置上对催化裂化汽油进行吸附脱硫实验，对比了三种吸附剂的脱硫效果，考察了吸附温度、空速、氢气流量对催化裂化汽油吸附脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明，适宜的吸附脱硫工艺条件为：吸附温度320 ℃，空速2.0 h-1，氢气流量60～140 mL/min。在此条件下，吸附剂的硫容量为4.02 mg/g。     

改性Y分子筛的吸附脱硫性能

 以离子交换法制备了不同金属阳离子（Cu²⁺、 Ce³⁺）改性的NaY分子筛，采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段对其进行了表征，利用总硫仪和气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度检测器(GC-PFPD)，考察了改性NaY分子筛的对含有噻吩、2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩、四氢噻吩和苯并噻吩5种有机硫化物的模型化合物的吸附脱硫效果和吸附选择性。结果表明， Cu²⁺交换改性的NaY分子筛具有良好的吸附脱硫性能，改性的NaY分子筛对有机硫组分的吸附选择性随该有机硫组分上硫原子的电子密度的增加而增大，有机硫组分的空间位阻效应不是其在Y分子筛上吸附的决定因素。     

Study on Modified Y Zeolites and Their Behaviors in Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline(Ⅰ)

Na Y zeolite was modified through dealumination with oxalic acid,and the HY zeolite was obtained by calcination of the modified NaY zeolite.The zeolite molding process was carried out at ambient temperature(25℃),and the influence of solid/fuel mass ratio and adsorptive desulfurization time on the HY zeolite were investigated through tests on static selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline containing organic sulfur compounds(with a S content=135 ppm).The sulfur content and sulphide types in the FCC gasoline were analyzed by a GC 2010 sulfur analyzer and a GC-SCD chromatograph.The test results showed that the molded HY zeolite was better than the unmolded HY zeolite.At a static adsorptive desulfurization time on the molded HY zeolite equating to 6 hours,a solid/fuel mass ratio of 1:3,the sulfur content of FCC gasoline was decreased to 30 ppm,and the desulfurization rate was equal to 78%.When the breakthrough point of the molded HY was equal to 50 ppm,the molded HY zeolite was capable of adsorbing 4.86 mg of sulfur per gram of adsorbent.And the regeneration rate of molded HY zeolite was equal to 98%.