Fe3Al/18-8异种材料的真空扩散焊接

研究了扩散焊接工艺参数对Fe3Al／18—8扩散界面结合状态、接头组织结构和剪切强度的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了不同焊接工艺参数下Fe3Al／18—8扩散焊接头的显微组织特征。结果表明,控制加热温度1040℃,保温60min,焊接压力15MPa时,可以获得组织均匀、强度较高的Fe3Al／18—8扩散焊接头。     

Fe3Al/Q235异种材料扩散焊工艺

探讨了Fe3Al／Q235异种材料扩散焊合适的焊接工艺，利用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计观察测量了Fe3Al／Q235真空扩散焊接头形态及显微硬度分布，分析了工艺参数对接头性能的影响。结果表明，真空扩散焊加热温度1080℃，加压9．8MPa，保温60min得到的Fe3Al／Q235接头界面结合良好，在扩散界面无明显脆硬相出现，有利于避免接头处出现裂纹，改善Fe3Al／Q235焊接接头的性能。     

Mg/Al异种材料真空扩散焊界面区域的显微组织

采用真空扩散焊技术对Mg／Al异种材料进行了焊接。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计及X射线衍射(XRD)对扩散界面附近的显微组织及性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，Mg／Al异种材料真空扩散焊在加热温度Tp=450-490℃，压力强度P=0．08-0．10MPa，保温时间t=40-60min时能得到良好的扩散焊接头。扩散焊界面过渡区形成了致密的新相化合物层，断口形貌呈粗糙暗灰色，以解理断裂为主并伴有脆性的混合型断口，扩散界面过渡区生成了MgAl、Mg3Al2、Mg2Al3等金属间化合物。     

Fe3Al/18-8扩散焊接头热处理后组织性能的变化

采用不同的热处理工艺对FeAl／18—8扩散焊接头进行热处理,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试手段对热处理后的组织性能进行了分析。试验结果表明：经过焊后热处理的FeAl／18—8扩散焊接头组织更加均匀,扩散过渡区中弥散分布有第二相析出物,合理的焊后热处理工艺为：加热温度800℃、保温时间30min、炉冷至700℃再空冷。热处理后FeAl／18—8扩散焊接头的显微硬度降低．没有出现高硬度脆性相。     

Fe3Al/Q235异种材料扩散焊界面相结构分析

采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和电子衍射技术对Fe3Al/Q235真空扩散焊界面附近的微观相结构进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，当加热温度1050～1080℃，保温时间60min，压力9.8MPa时，Fe3Al金属间化合物与Q235钢扩散焊界面附近形成了明显的扩散过滤区，该过渡区由Fe3Al相和a-Fe(Al）固深体构成，显微硬度约为480～540HM，不存在含铝校较高的高硬度脆性相。有利于提高Fe3Al/Q235扩散过滤区的韧性，提高扩散焊接头的抗裂纹能力。扩散过滤区中的Fe3Al相与a-Fe(Al）固溶体之间存在着（110）a-Fe(Al)//(011)Fe3Al和[001]a-Fe(Al)//[100]Fe3Al的晶体学取向关系。     

Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊接头的抗剪强度及组织性能

采用真空扩散焊技术对Fe，Al金属间化合物与Q235低碳钢进行了焊接。用拉压试验机测定了不同焊接工艺参数下Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊接头的抗剪强度，用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Fe，Al／Q235扩散焊接头的组织性能，提出了合适的扩散焊接工艺参数。试验结果表明，加热温度1040～l060℃、保温时间45～60min，并保持焊接件不变形的情况下(压力p=12～15MPa)，可以获得组织性能良好的Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊接头。     

Mg/Al异种材料扩散焊界面组织结构及力学性能

Mg/Al扩散焊接头界面区由铝板侧过渡层(Mg2Al3相)、中间扩散层(MgAl相)、镁板侧过渡层(Mg3Al2相)组成.SEM观察分析表明,在界面铝板侧扩散层与中间扩散层之间存在一定的扩散空洞,不利于获得接头性能优良的扩散焊接头.随着加热温度的升高界面抗剪强度呈现先增大再降低的趋势,当加热温度475 ℃,保温时间60 min及压力0.081 MPa时,接头可达到最大抗剪强度18.94 MPa.接头界面扩散区的显微硬度范围为260～350 HM,明显存在三个不同硬度分布区,随着加热温度的提高,扩散区的显微硬度及扩散区宽度也相应增加.     

Fe3Al合金与Q235钢扩散焊界面的析出相

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子探针(EPMA)对Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面的析出相形貌进行观察和成分测定,研究微观析出相的形成以及工艺参数(T,t,p)的影响.结果表明,Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面靠近Fe3Al一侧形成FeAl(Cr)析出相,是引起扩散焊接头脆性断裂的关键.扩散焊温度T、保温时间t与析出相区宽度y符合抛物线规律y2=3.5(t-t0)exp[-5.6×104/(RT)].在降低加热温度和保温时间的条件下,增加焊接压力可促进Fe3Al/Q235界面原子的扩散,避免脆性析出相的形成,保证Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊接头的性能.     

低碳钢喷铝扩散法渗铝的组织分析

研究了20钢表面火焰喷涂铝后扩散处理工艺.通过SEM和EPMA分析了喷铝扩散渗层的组织结构及成分变化情况,并进行了显微硬度测试.结果表明：喷铝扩散涂层由表及里依次为ζ相（FeAl2）,β2相（FeAl）,β1相（Fe3Al）相及α相,其中β2相为主要相,各相间平衡过渡.渗层具有较高的硬度.     

均匀化退火对3003铝合金冷轧板组织的影响

利用OM、SEM及EDS等手段,研究了均匀化退火对电解铝液直接铸轧3003铝合金冷轧板显微组织的影响。结果表明,均匀化退火前的3003铝合金冷轧板组织中存在较多粗大的针片状FeAl3相,少量圆颗粒状(Fe,Mn)SiAl相及短棒状(Fe,Mn)Al6和MnAl6相;均匀化退火后,Mn从过饱和固溶体中析出,置换FeAl3中的部分Fe而形成大量(Fe,Mn)Al6相,针片状FeAl3相明显减少,同时在晶间析出大量圆颗粒状(Fe,Mn)SiAl及短棒状MnAl6相。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Thermoelectric properties of Sn1−x−yTiySbxO2 ceramics

Thermoelectric properties of Sn_1−x−yTi_y Sb_xO₂ ceramics were investigated in detail. The addition of Sb into SnO₂ matrix increased the electric conductivity, σ. The increase in the σ value should be caused by the increase in the carrier concentration. The Seebeck coefficients of all the samples were negative, which means that these samples have n-type conduction. The samples of this study have porous structure. The maximum Z value of all the samples measured in this study was 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹.