陶瓷窑炉的节能减排技术(Ⅱ)

随着"十一五"节能专项规划的出台,国家对高能耗、高排放产业的改革势在必行.陶瓷产业正是高能耗、高污染的行业,必然是改革的重点领域,节能减排必将是陶瓷产业的大势所趋.详细综述了当前一些先进的节能减排技术,并对未来节能减排的发展方向提出了一些展望.     

陶瓷窑炉的节能技术

随着“十一五”节能专项规划的出台．国家对高能耗高排放产业的改革势在必行。陶瓷产业正是高能耗、高污染的行业,必然是改革的重点领域。节能减排也必将是陶瓷产业的大势所趋。本文详细综述了当前陶瓷窑炉一些先进的节能技术。并对未来节能的发展方向提出了一些展望。     

陶瓷窑炉的节能技术

“十一五”节能专项规划的出台,国家对高能耗高排放产业的改革势在必行。陶瓷产业正是高能耗、高污染的行业,必然是改革的重点领域。节能减排也必将是陶瓷产业的大势所趋。详细综述了当前一些先进的节能技术,并对未来节能的发展方向提出了一些展望。     

陶瓷行业应对节能减排的措施

随着“十一五”节能专项规划的出台,国家对高能耗高排放产业的改革势在必行。陶瓷行业是高能耗、高污染和资源消耗型的“两高一资”行业,必然是改革的重点领域,节能减排将是陶瓷产业的大势所趋。本文从原料的选择和处理、成形、干燥、烧成以及废弃物的再利用等方面阐述陶瓷行业在实现节能减排过程中应采取的一些具体措施。     

读者信箱

问：陶瓷窑炉的节能措施主要有哪些？ 答：节能减排一直是陶瓷行业关心的问题，但是如何才能做到有效的节能减排，需要从各个环节进行改造，在窑炉方面，有以下3种主要措施。     

陶瓷窑炉的节能技术

窑炉节能潜力分析 众所周知，国家“十一·五”计划中明确提出了“十一·五”节能专项规划，要求调整产业结构、能源结构，改变经济增长方式，遏制高能耗高污染行业过快增长，大力推进节能减排工作，而陶瓷产业正是高能耗、高污染的行业，尤其是对资源的消耗和大气环境的污染都非常严重，属于政府和大众“紧盯”的行业之一。     

低碳经济时代陶瓷行业的新课题

世界已进入了低碳经济时代,对于高能耗、二氧化碳排放量较大的陶瓷行业来说,实现节能减排和清洁生产、开发能耗低的薄型瓷砖、实行低碳认证等已成为低碳经济时代发展的新课题。     

陶瓷企业应积极投身大气污染防治

持续的雾霾天气和我国节能减排的严峻形势密切相关,作为高能耗、高污染的陶瓷行业,在国家生态文明建设、节能减排、环保低碳的政策导向下,如何在节能减排、环境保护、清洁生产、循环经济等方面加大创新投入,有效减少大气污染物排放,降低环境负荷,着力建设"资源节能型、环境友好型"企业,是陶瓷企业必须认真思考的课题。     

环境友好型瓷砖发展分析及综述

墙地砖作为传统产业,消耗了大量的优质矿产资源,同时也是高能耗制造业,陶瓷砖产业的发展必然会带来新的能源和环境压力。“十二五”规划规定各行各业进行节能减排工作,将节能减排作为企业健康发展的目标。本文提出了环境友好型瓷砖的概念,分析了目前我国环境友好型瓷砖的设计、研发和生产现状与趋势,探讨了发展环境友好型瓷砖的重要性和技术...     

分析陶瓷市场发展趋势 追赶行业节能减排大潮

我国陶瓷产品生产量已达到世界总量的50%以上,出口额占世界的20%,已成为世界上建筑卫生陶瓷生产和出口大国,但由此带来的耗费资源大、消耗能源多、环境污染重等问题也日益突出。因此说,我国陶瓷行业的节能减排工作目标艰巨、任重道远。首先综述了陶瓷行业节能减排大势所趋,接着分析了陶瓷行业节能减排所面临的机遇和挑战,然后介绍了陶瓷行业推进节能减排实现新的发展和跨越,最后讨论了陶瓷行业节能减排的发展趋势。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。