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咸蛋清富含蛋白质,可作为香干加工的原料,但其形成凝胶的能力较弱,如不经改良、直接加热成型制作香干,产品硬度低、品质较差。本文在研究咸蛋清凝胶性能的基础上,通过配方和工艺优化,改善了产品的凝胶质构和品质,建立了免卤制、直接加热成型的咸蛋清香干加工工艺,同时对优化条件下所加工产品的质构特性、感官品质、含水量、持水率及微观结构等进行了全面的表征。结果表明,加热成型温度和时间对香干的外观形态、硬度、弹性和内聚力影响显著,80 ℃下加热2.5 h效果较好;添加新鲜全蛋液和蛋清粉能显著提升咸蛋清香干的凝胶性能和质构;适量的黄豆粉、咸蛋黄和卤汁能显著改善香干的风味和口感;通过混料设计试验优化后的香干配方如下:咸蛋清61.49%、新鲜全蛋液30.75%、蛋清粉5.00%、黄豆粉2.00%、咸蛋黄0.76%、卤汁添加量2.0%。优化条件下加工的香干感官评分高达96.80,持水率达到了90.84%,硬度、弹性和内聚力分别为2711.30 g、0.85和0.68,质地较为致密、细腻,色泽光亮。综上所述,本文通过配方优化显著改善了咸蛋清的凝胶性能,据此所建立的咸蛋清香干加工工艺可行,所加工的产品品质优良。 相似文献
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以咸蛋清为原料,用酸性蛋白酶对其进行酶解,以蛋白回收率和水解度为指标,通过单因素实验考察了酶解时间、加酶量、pH和酶解温度对咸蛋清深度酶解的影响,优化了咸蛋清蛋白深度酶解工艺,并对最佳工艺条件下获得的咸蛋清蛋白酶解液进行肽分子量分布的测定。研究结果表明:咸蛋清蛋白深度酶解最佳工艺条件是:稀释后的咸蛋清调节pH至4.0,酸性蛋白酶的加酶量为0.3%(E/S),温度为55℃,酶解时间为48h;此最佳工艺得到的咸蛋清蛋白酶解液中肽分子量主要为3000u以下,其中分子量为1000~3000u占49.28%,分子量为1000u以下占35.73%。 相似文献
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采用组合加工单元的方式,以剪切力、含水量、系水力、食盐含量、脂肪含量为评价指标,研究其对盐水鸭品质的影响;并结合主成分分析法,考量组合加工单元与盐水鸭品质的关系。结果表明:组合加工单元的不同导致盐水鸭的剪切力、含水量、系水力、食盐含量、脂肪含量发生变化。原始评价指标可划分为2个主成分,累计贡献率约为95%。第一主成分由剪切力、含水量、食盐含量、脂肪含量构成,表征盐水鸭的鲜嫩、清脂的特点;系水力对第二主成分起决定作用,表征经腌制和熟制处理后的鸭肉热致凝胶状态。构建的综合评价模型表明:组合加工单元对盐水鸭品质的影响可通过主成分分析法判定,加工单元对盐水鸭的品质影响排序为:煮制>烘制>干腌>复卤。 相似文献
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The influences of salted duck egg albumen powder (SDEAP) as salt replacer at various levels (0.5–2.5%) on autolysis and gelling properties of sardine surimi were investigated. SDEAP had high salt (33.67%) and protein contents (64.52%) with trypsin inhibitory activity of 5,975 kunits/g solid. SDEAP was white in color with L*‐value of 96.72. It had low moisture content (3.98%) and water activity (0.38). Autolysis of sardine surimi was drastically inhibited when SDEAP was incorporated with increasing levels as indicated by the more retained myosin heavy chain and the reduced trichloroacetic acid‐soluble peptide content. Breaking force and deformation of surimi gel increased, while expressible moisture content decreased as the levels of SDEAP added were increased (p < .05). Gumminess, hardness, chewiness, springiness, and cohesiveness of surimi gels also increased as SDEAP levels increased (p < .05). Lightness and whiteness were higher in all surimi gels incorporated with SDEAP than the control (p < .05). For microstructure, surimi gels incorporated with SDEAP at all levels used had finer gel network with smaller voids and more connectivity than the control gel. Thus, SDEAP could be used as a salt replacer for sardine surimi gel preparation and it could improve the properties of resulting gel. 相似文献
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Thammarat Kaewmanee Soottawat Benjakul Wonnop Visessanguan 《Journal of food science》2009,74(8):S351-S361
ABSTRACT: Protein hydrolysate from salted egg white (PHSEW) with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) (3%, 6%, and 9%) was produced using pepsin. Disappearance of proteins with molecular weight (MW) of 108 and 85 kDa with the concomitant formation of proteins with MW of 23, 20, 13, and 5 kDa was observed in PHSEW. The use of PHSEW for quality improvement of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) was investigated. Shrimp soaked in 4% NaCl containing 7% PHSEW and 2.5% mixed phosphates (0.625% sodium acid pyrophosphate [SAPP] and 1.875% tetrasodium pyrophosphate [TSPP]) had the highest cooking yield with the lowest cooking loss ( P < 0.05), compared with shrimps with other treatments. Nevertheless, no difference in weight gain was obtained in comparison with those treated with 4% NaCl containing 3.5% mixed phosphate ( P > 0.05). Cooked shrimp treated with 4% NaCl containing 7% PHSEW and 2.5% mixed phosphate or those treated with 4% NaCl containing 3.5% mixed phosphate had the higher score of appearance, texture, and overall likeness but less shear force, in comparison with the control (no treatment) ( P < 0.05). Microstructure study revealed that muscle fibers of cooked shrimp from both treatments had the swollen fibrils and gaps, while the control had the swollen compact structure. Therefore, use of PHSEW could reduce phosphate residue in shrimps without an adverse effect on sensory properties. 相似文献
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对经"蛋清水解专用蛋白酶-碱性蛋白酶"和"碱性蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶"双酶分步酶解鸭蛋清蛋白得到的多肽的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明,当"蛋清水解专用蛋白酶-碱性蛋白酶"酶解蛋清蛋白的水解度为21%时,多肽的抗氧化活性最高,其对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)的清除率和对大豆卵磷脂过氧化作用的抑制率分别为75.76%、84.17%、72.73%和47.59%;当"碱性蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶"酶解蛋清蛋白的水解度为15%时,多肽的抗氧化活性最高,其对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·的清除率和对大豆卵磷脂过氧化作用的抑制率分别为75.15%、93.84%、58%和40.51%。产物肽的分子量均分布在小于5300D的范围内。 相似文献
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本文以脱盐咸鸭蛋清肽为原料,Fe Cl2·4H2O为铁源,以亚铁的螯合率和螯合物的得率为跟踪指标,对鸭蛋清肽-亚铁螯合物的制备条件进行优化;并采用红外光谱、动态光散射仪、荧光光谱、圆二色谱手段,对肽-亚铁螯合物进行了结构表征。单因素及正交实验结果表明,鸭蛋清肽-亚铁螯合物的最佳螯合反应条件:抗坏血酸(VC)与亚铁盐的质量比为0.2∶1,鸭蛋清肽溶液的浓度为4%,肽与亚铁盐的质量比为3∶1,p H 5.5,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为40 min,乙醇的添加量为反应液体积的7倍,在此条件下亚铁的螯合率为65.15%,螯合物得率为44.46%。红外光谱显示Fe2+与肽的氨基端与羧基端相结合;荧光光谱表明随着Fe2+的增加,荧光吸收带从3822 nm显著下降为3124.44 nm(p<0.05);激光粒度仪显示肽与肽-亚铁螯合物的半径分别为(144.23±5.86)nm和(453.66±8.74)nm;圆二色谱显示肽中α螺旋、β折叠的含量为28.66%±1.54%、10.02%±1.04%,而肽-亚铁螯合物中α螺旋、β折叠的含量为16.10%±1.96%、27.33%±1.08%,两者均发生显著变化(p<0.05)。从结构层面证实了肽-亚铁螯合物的形成。 相似文献
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Thermal aggregation of duck egg white solution (1 mg protein/ml, pH 7) was monitored in the presence of different NaCl concentrations (0–6%, w/w) across the temperature range of 20–90 °C. Duck egg white solution exhibited higher turbidity with coincidental increases in surface hydrophobicity and decreases in sulfhydryl group content as temperatures increased from 70 to 90 °C (p < 0.05). As NaCl concentration increased, the negative charge decreased, with coincidental increases in particle size of aggregate after heating to 90 °C. As visualised by confocal laser scanning microscopy, larger clusters of protein aggregates were observed with increasing NaCl concentrations. Major duck egg white protein with molecular mass of 45 kDa disappeared in the presence of 2–6% NaCl after heating above 80 °C, regardless of concentrations. Therefore, NaCl, especially at high concentrations, could induce thermal aggregation of duck egg white protein, which could determine the characteristics of salted egg white after heating. 相似文献
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Chenyan Wang Yaqi Meng Qiu Ning Vincent Guyonnet Russell Keast Chunxia Zhu Yoshinori Mine 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(8):4963-4972
Preserved eggs have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities, which are enhanced after protein glycation. However, it is still unknown which proteins are glycated during pickling process of preserved eggs and whether the glycated proteins are related to the bioactivity of preserved eggs. In this study, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to identify glycation of proteins in preserved egg white (PEW) and duck egg white (DEW). Altogether, 142 sites on 53 glycated proteins were detected in PEW while 9 sites on 2 glycated proteins were found in DEW. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the glycation of PEW proteins (e.g. Ovalbumin, Ovotransferrin, Albumin) were supposed to be connected with allergenicity reduction, and the enhancement of antibacterial and antioxidant bioactivities. These findings provide some indications for the future studies on the detailed bioactivities of glycated proteins in PEW, and pave the way for applied research on glycation and the development of functional foods. 相似文献
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Chemical composition, textural properties, and microstructure of cooked duck egg salted by 2 methods (coating and immersing) were determined during 4 wk of salting. As the salting time increased, moisture content increased and salt content decreased for both cooked salted egg white and yolk. Oil exudation of cooked yolk and expressible water content of cooked egg white obtained from both salting methods increased as salting proceeded (P < 0.05). After cooking, oil exudation accompanied by the solubilized pigments, especially at the outer layer of yolk, was obtained. At week 3 of salting, egg yolk from coating method had the higher egg exudation than that from immersing method. As the salting times increased, the lower hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience with higher adhesiveness and cohesiveness were generally found in cooked salted egg white (P < 0.05), irrespective of salting methods. Conversely, the hardness of cooked yolk increased continuously and reached the maximum at week 2 and 2 to 3 for immersing and coating method (P < 0.05), respectively. Confocal laser scanning micrographs revealed the smaller yolk granules with more release of free lipid in salted egg after heating, compared with the fresh counterpart. As visualized by scanning electron microscope, gel of cooked salted egg white was coagulum type with larger voids. Salting methods determined oil exudation in egg yolk and texture profile of egg white gel after cooking; however, those attributes were also governed by the salting time. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Salted duck egg can be made by 2 methods (coating and immersing) affecting the characteristic of salted egg white and yolk after cooking. Desirable cooked salted egg having the red yolk with hardness and high oil exudation could be obtained when salting was carried out for 3 and 4 wk for immersing and coating method, respectively. 相似文献
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Contribution of starch and non-starch parameters to the eating quality of japanese white salted noodles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christine M Konik Diane M Miskelly Peter W Gras 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1992,58(3):403-406
Viscograph paste viscosity parameters of starches isolated from 42 wheat varieties were highly correlated with each other and with measures of the quality of the derived Japanese white salted noodles. Better correlations with noodle quality were obtained when measurements of wheat protein and grain hardness (PSI) as well as a starch viscosity parameter were included in the regression equations. 相似文献