利用蒸发法和机械合金化法制备纳米Fe-Al金属间化合物

利用两种方法制备了纳米Fe-Al金属间化合物:一种是利用氢电弧等离子体法在自制的设备中以Fe-28Al-5Cr块体材料为原料,利用电弧高温蒸发制备出纳米Fe-Al基金属间化合物,该方法制得的纳米粒子呈球形,平均粒度30 nm,为B2相结构。在600℃真空退火1 h后,纳米粒子发生了B2→DO3相转变;第二种是利用机械合金化方法,将氢电弧等离子体法制备的纳米金属铁、铝单质置于球磨罐中混合湿磨,发现湿磨10 h形成了Fe-Al金属间化合物。     

氢敏感材料:钯镍合金纳米线条阵列的制备与性能

为了获得钯镍合金纳米线条优秀的氢敏感性能,采用不同方法获得不同形貌的钯镍合金纳米线条阵列.用AAO模板可以制得连续光滑的纳米线条,在石墨阶梯边上沉积可以得到纳米粒子链,在铂微电极上交流电沉积能够得到多孔纳米线条和枝晶状纳米线条.氢传感实验表明,钯镍合金纳米粒子链和多孔纳米线条结构具有高的氢敏感性和快速响应能力,因此应使用这2种钯镍合金纳米结构材料制备氢传感器才能获得更好的性能.     

纳米Fe基磁流体制备

文中采用直流电弧等离子体法制备了铁的纳米粒子,平均粒度小于60nm。文中选择适当的表面活性剂、载液和纳米粒子,制备了磁流体密封材料,并进行了抗酸、碱性和煤油的研究。     

Ni_3Al金属间化合物纳米粒子的制备及表征

以镍铝金属块为原料,利用氢电弧等离子体法制备出的产物经X射线衍射(XRD)表征,证明产物为结晶性好的Ni3Al纳米粒子。通过透射电镜(TEM)观察发现,粒子多为球形,其粒径在5~50 nm之间。实验发现,在一定范围内,工作电压越高、氢气含量越高,纳米Ni3Al产率越高。在氮气气氛下对产物进行热重分析,结果表明Ni3Al纳米粒子在800℃氮气气氛下可以稳定存在。     

直流电弧等离子体制备SnO2纳米粉末的研究

利用直流电弧等离子本蒸发-凝聚法制备SnO2纳米粒子，研究了SnO2粒子在等离子体焰流中的形成和生长机理，探讨了等离子体发生器功率、气体配比和冷却介质对SnO2纳米粒子粒度和纯度的影响，制备出了纯度大于98．8％、粒度可控的SnO2纳米粉末，为制造高性能SnO2气敏传感器打下了良好的基础。     

氮化钛纳米粒子的制备及表征

以金属钛为原料 ,采用氢等离子体金属反应法制备了纳米TiN颗粒。通过X射线衍射 (XRD) ,透射电镜 (TEM ) ,扫描电镜 (SEM ) ,X射线能谱 (EDS) ,热重 差热分析(TG DSC)等手段对粒子的成分、形貌 ,相结构 ,热性能等进行了表征。实验结果表明 :在氮气氛下 ,采用等离子体金属反应法可制备氮化钛纳米粒子 ,粒子粒径均匀 ,形状均为立方体 ,纯度高 ,分散性好 ,热稳定性好     

稀土铈掺杂纳米Pd粒子的制备及催化性能

以Pd、Ce为原料 ,用电弧等离子体法制备了纳米复合粉体。用TEM、XRD、SEM及等离子体发射光谱等方法研究其结构和组成。采用机械方法将纳米PdCe加载到γ Al2 O3载体表面上制成负载型纳米催化剂 ,以CO氧化反应为探针测试其催化活性 ,结果表明 ,纳米PdCe催化剂具有很好的催化活性。     

纳米Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂预处理对CO氧化活性的影响

以电弧等离子体法制备纳米铜活性组分,物理法制备出负载型纳米Ｃｕ／γ Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂,用于催化ＣＯ氧化反应,发现催化活性在催化过程中呈规律性变化,即初始活性较低,空气中焙烧预处理易使纳米粒子长大,催化剂的氧化与ＣＯ还原实验表明铜氧化物活性高于Ｃｕ０。     

电弧法制备的TiC催化生长碳纤维

利用电弧等离子体法制备了TiC纳米粒子,并以TiC纳米粒子为催化剂,乙炔为碳源,通过化学气相沉积(CVD)在管式炉中生长了纳米碳纤维。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对TiC纳米粒子及碳纤维进行了表征。结果表明:得到的TiC晶型为面心立方,粒径在10~40nm之间,颗粒形貌规整、粒径均匀;以此为催化剂得到的碳纤维,既有直线形又有螺旋形,纤维以催化剂为中心对称生长,其直径与催化剂粒径大致相等。     

聚乙二醇水溶液中纳米钯微波合成与表征

为防止纳米粒子发生团聚现象和沉降现象,在聚乙二醇的存在下,不加还原剂,微波辐射氯化钯水溶液,合成了纳米钯粒子。采用紫外可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜等技术对钯粒子的形貌进行了研究,考察了微波时间和聚乙二醇用量对纳米钯粒子形态的影响。结果表明,m（ PEG400）：m（ PdCl2）＝30时,微波功率300 W下反应30 min,得到单分散的纳米钯粒子,尺寸在10 nm左右。而且纳米钯的存在降低了基体聚乙二醇400的热稳定性。     

Self-assembly of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application

The formation of Ag clusters on titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was achieved by self-assembly process and calcination. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and conventional techniques (XRD, TEM and UV-Vis) were used to identify Ag particles on the TiO2 surfaces. The results show that Ag-TiO2 particles can be applied to improve catalytic activity of the epoxidation of styrene oxides. Styrene oxide is the main product of catalytic reaction with H2O2 as the oxidant by using Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles as catalysts. High catalytic activitity of styrene oxide can be obtainable at 80 ℃. The reaction temperature, reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/styrene and solvent affect greatly the catalytic epoxidation of styrene.     

Surface modification of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method,and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure,morphology,and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR),and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by ...     

纳米氧化锡粉体的制备及性能表征

以SnCl4.5H2O为主要原料,以十六烷基铵为分散剂,NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂,利用液相沉积法成功制备出了SnO2纳米颗粒。通过透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）以及热重分析（TG）,研究了纳米氧化锡粉体的形貌、尺寸分布和结构特征。SnO2颗粒平均粒径在30nm左右,呈不规则多面体,有些近似于球形,粒径分布窄,分散性良好。通过表征发现,SnO2纳米粉体的尺寸受几种反应因素的影响。     

直流钨电弧法制备碳包覆铁纳米微粒的研究

利用钨电极电弧法制备了碳包覆铁纳米微粒，用酸洗加磁选的方法对初产物进行了纯化；用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对产物的形貌和尺寸、物相结构组成以及磁性能进行了表征分析，对碳包覆铁纳米微粒的形成机理进行了研究．结果表明：碳包覆铁纳米微粒具有典型的核-壳结构，内核为金属铁，外壳为多层碳膜；粉体的磁滞回线显示出较好的超顺磁特性，比饱和磁化强度为113．9emu／g．包覆在铁颗粒表面的碳膜主要是通过内部的碳被排斥或自行扩散至颗粒表面及外部气态形式的碳沉积到颗粒表面形成的．     

Surface Modfication of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Nanometer particles are important portion of magnetic fluid. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were studied in this paper and the surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was investigated by a series of experiments. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized with pH value, temperature, and the dosage of surfactant. The phase, structure, size and magnetism of nanoparticles were tested by X-ray diffration （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and magnetic balance. On the basis of the surface modification coating mechanism, the experimental phenomena and the effects on the variation of size, magnetism and stability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were theoretically analyzed. X-Ray diffraction spectrum and TEM photograph show that 1） the nanoparticles structure is perfect, 2） the diameter of narnoparticles is small and have good deliquescence, and 3） Sodium oleate is the anion surfactant. Therefore 1） the good condition of surface modification is in an acidic solution, 2） the best temperature of surface modification is at 80 ℃, and 3） the dosage of surfactant should be about 0.6 times of that of Fe^2＋.     

Preparation and characterization of stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles by ball-milling method

A stainless steel/10wt%TiC nanocomposite particles were prepared by high-energy ball-milling method using stainless steel, carbon and titanium as raw materials. The evolution of phase composition, microstructure and specific surface area of the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles with increasing ball-milling time in the range of 0–100 h were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and BET techniques. The results showed that the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles were fabricated when the ball-milling time was longer than 20 h. However, the nanocomposite particles were soldered and agglomerated again when the ball-milling time was longer than 60 h. The microstructure of the composite particles transformed from lamellar structure to nanostructure during the repeated process of the cold welding and cracking. TEM image reveals clearly that the in-situ TiC nanoparticles with grain size of 3–8 nm are in the interior of the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles obtained by ball-milling 100 h. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2006ABA304)     

Ag/TiO2纳米粒子的制备与表征

为了扩大纳米TiO_2在可见光范围的吸收,进行在纳米TiO_2中掺入Ag实验.以工业级偏钛酸、硝酸银为主要实验原料,采用一种简易的方法制备出Ag/TiO_2纳米粒子,并通过X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外一可见光吸收光谱(UV-vis)对该粒子进行表征.结果表明,二氧化钛以锐钛型晶型,银以单质的形式存在于纳米复合粒子中;Ag的结合能367.476 eV(3d_(3/2))与373.453 eV(3d_(5/2))分别比纯银的结合能368.4 eV(3d_(3/2))与374.4 eV(3d_(5/2))低,这是由于制备Ag/TiO_2时煅烧温度较纯银高,银簇生长较大引起的;并显示复合粒子的粒径约为30 nm;Ag/TiO_2纳米粒子感应波长明显红移,增强了纳米TiO_2在可见光范围内的吸收.     

Investigation of HAP Nanoparticles Absorbed by Hepatoma Cells in vitro

Many particles are found in the cytoplasm area after the mixture of hydroxyapatite(HAP) nanoparticles and cultured cancer cells.The purpose of this study was to confirm whether these particles in cytoplasm are HAP nanoparticles exactly.BEL7402 cells were incubated in HAP sol for 8 hours.Then,the cells were collected for specimen preparation.Transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy dispersing spectrum (EDS)and electronic diffraction(ED)attached to TEM were used to detect the properties of the particles.It is found that many particles similar to HAP in shape are in the cytoplasm under TEM.By EDS analysis,they are the particles containing calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P).The classic rings of HAP crystal appear in the ED pictures of these particles.So the particles are confirmed as HAP nanoparticles.Thus,it is concluded that HAP nanoparticles as the crystal particles can be absorbed by hepatoma cells.     

Investigation of HAP Nanopartieles Absorbed by Hepatoma Cells in vitro

Many particles are found in the cytoplasm area after the mixture of hydroxyapatite （HAP） nanoparticles and cultured cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether these particles in cytoplasm are HAP nanoparticles exactly. BEL7402 cells were incubated in HAP sol for 8 hours. Then, the cells were collected for specimen preparation. Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, energy dispersing spectrum （EDS） and electronic diffraction （ED） attached to TEM were used to detect the properties of the particles. It is found that many particles similar to HAP in shape are in the cytoplasm under TEM. By EDS analysis, they are the particles containing calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P）. The classic rings of HAP crystal appear in the ED pictures of these particles. So the particles are confirmed as HAP nanoparticles. Thus, it is concluded that HAP nanoparticles as the crystal particles can be absorbed by hepatoma cells.     

Morphologies of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles adjusted by organic additives in hydrothermal synthesis

Properties of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂), including bioactivity, biocompatibility, solubility and adsorption could be tailored over wide ranges by the control of particle composition, particle size and morphology. In order to satisfy various applications, well-crystallized pure HA nanoparticles were synthesized at moderate temperatures by hydrothermal synthesis, and HA nanoparticles with different lengths were obtained by adding organic additives. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to characterize these nanoparticles, and the morphologies of the HA particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrate that shorter rod-like HA particles can be prepared by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), as the additive of CTAB can block the HA crystal growth along with c-axis. And whisker HA particles are obtained by adding ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), since EDTA may have effect on the dissolution-reprecipitation process of HA.