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杂粮种子的发芽过程涉及多种复杂的物质转化,具有独特的生理效应,一些营养成分、功能因子的含量会在多种复合酶的作用下逐渐提升,而抗营养因子含量会逐渐降低。因此对杂粮进行发芽处理的研究引起了广泛关注。该研究对利用微波、超声、高压脉冲电场等诱导杂粮发芽技术进行分析,重点综述了发芽绿豆、黑豆、红小豆、荞麦、粟等杂粮谷物,总结其发芽前后多酚、黄酮、γ-氨基丁酸、蛋白质等营养成分及植酸、单宁等抗营养因子的变化趋势,并综述发芽杂粮对糖尿病、高血脂、高血压、抗氧化活性及抗炎活性的功能效果。发芽后的杂粮种子作为主/辅料在开发相关功能性食品方面也取得了一定的研究成果,但相关的活性成分变化机理及对食品加工有何影响还有待进一步研究。因此,杂粮经过适当的发芽后,其生理活性成分朝着有益的方向变化,有望成为发芽食品功能性膳食补充剂,赋予其多种健康益处和药用价值。 相似文献
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目的:探究磷酸化改性对乳清分离蛋白(WPI)营养价值和消化吸收的影响。方法:利用三聚磷酸钠(STP)对WPI进行磷酸化改性,比较改性前、后的乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性和凝胶硬度以及氨基酸组成,采用体外模拟消化模型和Caco-2细胞吸收模型进行体外模拟消化吸收试验,测定并比较改性前、后WPI的消化吸收率及氨基酸组成。结果:STP添加量从1%增至7%时,改性程度随添加量的增加而增大,WPI的功能性质显著提高(P﹤0.05);WPI中苏氨酸(Thr)和赖氨酸(Lys)的氨基酸评分(AAS)随着改性程度的增大而减小,各改性组的氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)无明显差别;磷酸化改性前、后WPI的消化吸收率无显著差异(P﹥0.05)。对比磷酸化改性前、后WPI的氨基酸组成,结果谷氨酸(谷氨酰胺)含量显著降低(P﹤0.05),推测谷氨酰胺可能是除赖氨酸之外的磷酸化位点。结论:WPI磷酸化改性在改善其功能性质的同时,不影响蛋白质的营养价值和消化利用。 相似文献
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热处理对豆粕品质的影响 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
热处理对豆粕的蛋白质、能量及抗营养因子均产生影响。加工不足或过度均会降低豆粕的营养成分和饲喂价值。豆粕的来源及加工因素也影响着豆粕品质 相似文献
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作者以发芽前后青稞中β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、游离氨基酸、总多酚等营养成分的质量分数以及β-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶等酶活性为指标,并结合高血压大鼠收缩压、心率等指标的变化情况,研究萌发对青稞营养品质和其降血压效果的影响。结果发现,青稞β-葡聚糖、淀粉和蛋白质质量分数随萌发时间延长而降低,γ-氨基丁酸质量分数在萌发48 h达到最高,总多酚、总黄酮质量分数以及β-葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活力随萌发时间延长而增加。总游离氨基酸质量分数尤其是必需氨基酸质量分数经萌发处理后显著升高(P<0.05),表明发芽能提高青稞营养价值。此外,与青稞相比,发芽青稞更利于降低高血压大鼠的收缩压、心率、血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管生成素(P<0.05),表明发芽青稞有更好的缓解高血压作用。 相似文献
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不同烹饪处理对芹菜感官和营养品质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以本芹、西芹为原料,研究4种烹饪方法(漂烫、蒸、微波、炒)对芹菜感官品质和营养品质的影响。研究了不同烹饪加热方式对两种芹菜的硬度、色泽、叶绿素、抗坏血酸、多酚类物质和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:烹饪处理后,西芹的硬度和色泽得以较好地维持,感官品质优于本芹,但其功能成分、营养价值均低于本芹。漂烫处理有明显的护色作用,但营养成分损失较大。相比于漂烫、微波和炒,蒸能够更好地保持芹菜的脆性和绿色色泽等感官品质,且抗坏血酸保留率最高,本芹、西芹分别为84.95%、73.90%。微波和油炒使芹菜中总酚含量增加,抗氧化能力升高。烹饪后,黄酮类化合物含量显著降低(P<0.05)。人们在日常食用芹菜时,应根据自己的需求选择合理的烹饪方法。 相似文献
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Effect of Germination and Extrusion on Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Qualities of Extrudates and Tortilla from Wheat 下载免费PDF全文
Wheat is the most common grain in the temperate region. Modifying its constituent through food processing improves its functionality and nutrient access. In this study, the combined effect of germination and extrusion on physicochemical properties and nutritional qualities of extrudates and tortilla from wheat was evaluated. Results showed that germination significantly increased (P <0.05) the γ‐aminobutyric acid content in germinated whole wheat (GW) and extruded germinated whole wheat (EGW) as compared to the control of whole wheat (WW). Germination also significantly increased the protein content, reducing sugar and total soluble sugar content in GW, while extrusion had much increasing impact on reducing sugar content in extruded samples. Specific mechanical energy during extrusion was reduced as feed moisture content increased from 20 to 30%. Higher extruder screw speed (350 rpm) led to better expansion ratio at low moisture content (20%) as compared to low screw speed (200 rpm). Extrusion significantly increased the starch digestibility but decreased the protein digestibility in extrudates. Tortilla made from 100% WW had about the same physical characteristics, namely color and rollability, with tortilla made from 85% WW with 15% GW, 85% WW with 15% extruded whole wheat (EW), and 85% WW with 15% EGW. Tortilla made from 85% WW with 15% GW showed the largest diameter, thinnest thickness and least extensibility. A 15% extruded germinated wheat (350 rpm) addition in 85% WW showed significant increase of γ‐aminobutyric acid content in tortilla compared to the control (100% WW). 相似文献
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本文以红提葡萄为试验材料,研究了不同货架温度(5℃、10℃、15℃和20℃)对红提葡萄品质的影响,以确定红提葡萄不同温度下合适的货架期。红提葡萄在5℃、10℃、15℃和20℃下均可保持较高的感官质量16d,但是20℃下红提葡萄的腐烂率和失重率明显高于其他温度处理,20℃16d腐烂率和失重率达到约5%和14%,并且20℃16d DPPH抑制率和果梗含水量降到约50%,维生素C和可滴定酸的含量都达到最低,果梗出现干枯,影响商品价值。综合感官品质和营养品质,5℃、10℃和15℃条件下红提葡萄货架期可达到16d。 相似文献
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Winged beans were germinated using the between paper technique. The nonprotein nitrogen was found to increase gradually and the protein nitrogen content to decrease. A slight decrease in the lipid content was also observed. Trypsin inhibitor activity was uneffected by germination. However, lipoxygenase activity was found to decrease; 77% of the original activity was lost after 120 hr. These changes are compared to the changes in proximate composition of other legumes during germination. Following a decrease in the amino acid composition of the seeds after 48 hr of germination, significant increases in the concentrations of cysteine, aspartic acid, and histidine were found after 72 hr incubation. 相似文献
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以兰溪大红柿为原料,采用液态静置和固态静置两种发酵方式酿制果醋,探讨其对柿果醋感官品质、营养成分、挥发性成分及体外抗氧化功效的影响。结果表明:固态发酵柿果醋醋香浓郁,酸味柔和、醇厚,感官品质更好;总酸含量高达6.551 g/100 mL,黄酮、多酚、蛋白质含量均显著高于液态发酵柿果醋,甚至显著高于原浆(P<0.05);固态发酵柿果醋氨基酸总量为0.778%,必需氨基酸占44.47%,除精氨酸外,其他氨基酸含量均显著高于液态发酵产品;其挥发性成分也较多,酯类化合物含量升高,尤其是乙酸乙酯(升高10%左右),新增一些香气特征较明显的γ-壬内酯、苯甲酸苯乙酯、β-大马酮、丁香酚等,这些成分共同赋予其独特的香气和风味;固态发酵柿果醋体外抗氧化能力显著高于液态发酵产品,与原浆相比略有下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。从感官与营养角度出发,固态静置方式更适于传统食醋酿制企业生产水果醋。 相似文献
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Diana Ansorena Ainhoa Guembe Tatiana Mendizábal Iciar Astiasarán 《Journal of food science》2010,75(2):H62-H67
ABSTRACT: The modifications on a lean fish (cod—Gadus morhua) and a fatty fish (farmed salmon—Salmo salar) after the application of pan-frying using 2 types of oil with different lipid profile (extra virgin olive oil and sunflower oil) was the aim of this study. Fat content and total energetic value increased significantly after the frying process only in the lean fish, without relevant changes in the fatty fish. Extra virgin olive oil led to a higher fat absorption rate than sunflower oil in both fish. Frying hardly affected the lipid profile of farmed salmon regardless the oil used, however it drastically changed in fried cod compared to raw cod. Omega-6/omega-3 ratio increased from 0.08 in raw cod to 1.01 and 6.63 in fried cod with olive oil and sunflower oil, respectively. In farmed salmon, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio was 0.38 (raw), and 0.39 to 0.58 in fried salmon. The amount of EPA + DHA slightly decreased with frying in salmon, and increased in cod. The type of oil has more influence in the nutritional fish quality for the lean fish compared to that of the fatty fish. The use of extra virgin olive oil was efficient to avoid a significant increase of the lipid oxidation intensity during frying in cod but not in salmon. Practical Application: Food modifies its composition and nutritional value with the application of cooking technologies. As most food table composition tables are based on raw food products, this article contributes with interesting data on pan-fried fish composition, which may improve the approach to achieve a real intake of healthy nutrients as omega 3 fatty acids. 相似文献
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该文以“新夏 50”和“紫红钻”两种甘蓝种子为试材,研究蓝光光周期(0、4、8、12、16、20、24 h/d)对甘蓝芽苗菜生长状况及营养品质的影响。结果表明:蓝光抑制甘蓝芽苗菜生长;“新夏50”和“紫红钻”芽苗菜中抗坏血酸含量分别在光周期16 h/d和12 h/d时最高;“紫红钻”中花色苷含量显著高于“新夏50”,在光周期20 h/d最高;蓝光显著提高芽苗菜中硫苷含量,“新夏50”和“紫红钻”分别在光周期16 h/d和12 h/d时最高,“新夏50”中脂肪族和吲哚族硫苷含量显著高于“紫红钻”;蓝光处理提高两种甘蓝芽苗菜异硫氰酸酯形成量,均在光周期8 h/d达到最高,但“紫红钻”异硫氰酸酯形成量显著高于“新夏50”。总的来说,“紫红钻”芽苗菜营养价值显著高于“新夏50”,12 h/d~16 h/d是相对比较适合的蓝光光周期。 相似文献
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以海豇1号(H1)、海豇2号(H2)和海秀7号(H7)3种豇豆为原料,探讨发芽过程中营养成分和微量元素的变化。研究表明:发芽1 d时,除H2外,H1和H7的可溶性蛋白质的含量显著增加,随后3种品种均逐渐下降;随发芽时间的延伸,3种品种豇豆淀粉含量均呈下降趋势,可溶性总糖含量均是先降低后增加的趋势,H2和H7还原糖含量出现先增后减趋势而H1还原糖含量逐渐增加;在发芽3 d时3种品种维生素C含量达最高,H1、H2和H7分别为20.98、19.51、25.88 mg/100 g;微量元素(Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu)含量存在基因型差异,3种豇豆随着发芽时间延长没有规律性变化但发芽5天后含量均略有增加;发芽4天后,3种品种豇豆的抗营养因子(植酸、单宁)含量分别降低了H1(48.68%,90.56%)、H2(27.27%,91.79%)和H7(56.23%,90.03%),随后平缓。 相似文献
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研究一定温度和湿度条件下不同浸泡和萌动处理对芝麻及芝麻酱基本组分质量分数、功能性成分、矿物质含量及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果显示:未经萌动处理的芝麻浸泡2、5 h时,粗脂肪、粗蛋白质量分数降低;不同浸泡时间芝麻中灰分质量分数均有所降低,粗纤维质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),总糖质量分数先升高后降低。随萌动时间的延长,萌动处理后芝麻酱中粗脂肪、总糖和粗纤维质量分数与芝麻中变化一致,粗蛋白质量分数呈先减后增趋势,草酸质量分数逐渐降低,酸价呈波动变化,甾醇含量逐渐增加。萌动处理后的芝麻酱中VE含量均高于对照组芝麻酱,在浸泡20 min、萌动14 h时VE含量达到最大值(49.96 mg/100 g),比对照组增加49.36%;萌动24 h时,萌动处理后的芝麻酱中芝麻酚的含量均明显高于未经萌动处理芝麻酱;萌动处理后芝麻酱中的Ca含量明显增加,K含量下降。通过主成分分析,发现影响萌动处理后芝麻酱品质的主要指标为粗脂肪质量分数、VE含量等。经过浸泡和萌动处理的芝麻酱中花生酸不再存在。结果表明萌动处理是制备低脂肪质量分数、高VE含量芝麻酱的一种新途径。 相似文献
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大豆发芽过程中营养成分变化规律的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过对大豆发芽过程中营养成分含量变化进行分析,结果表明脂肪和总糖含量随时间的延长而下降,而蛋白质、还原糖、VC和异黄酮含量在发芽后均较未发芽时增加。其中VC的含量增加最多,到第7天时候,每100 g的大豆芽中含有9.7 mg的VC。大豆在发芽1 d时,蛋白质的含量有所下降,随后缓慢增加,第7天的蛋白质含量比未发芽前增加了11%。还原糖含量在其发芽的过程中平稳地上升,在第7天的时候达到9.38 g/100 g,比未发芽前增加了2.32倍。异黄酮含量在发芽4 d时达到最大值0.51 g/100 g,以后平缓。 相似文献