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1.
Conclusions  
1.  The experience of designing, constructing, and operating the Zagorsk PSS confirmed the correctness of the decisions made earlier about constructing a series of large PSSs in the country, their technical need and economic expediency.
2.  When examining the question of constructing new PSSs, it is advisable to take the same main equipment as at the Zagorsk PSS as the basis. This will make it possible at all stages of creating a new PSS to considerably reduce material and financial expenditures and to shorten construction time.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 9–12, October, 1999.  相似文献   

2.
Conclusions  
1.  In the upper reservoir of the Zagorsk PSS there are standing waves of a complex frequency spectrum having a virtually undamped character.
2.  The excess of the level of the crest of the upper reservoir embankment of the PSS should be selected with consideration of not only waves caused by meteorological factors but also the presence of standing waves.
3.  The standard systems of measuring the upper pool level of the PSS should provide for averaging the measurements.
4.  To eliminate nonproductive water losses through leaks of the close gate apparatus of the PSS units and increased power losses in the SC regime, it is advisable to provide for the installation of preturbine gates at newly planned PSSs.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 39–42, October, 1999.  相似文献   

3.
Conclusions  
1.  The quality control system created at the Zagorsk PSS mainly provides quality control of construction. However, the repeated transfer of control from one firm to another leads to the loss of primary documents needed for putting the structure into service.
2.  The absence of test equipment (tensile-test machines of more than 100 tons, freezers, etc.) does not permit conducting tests in good time and to the full extent.
3.  It is necessary to solve the problem of appropriate financing of the control service (at least 1% of the cost of construction and assembly works).
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 21–23, October, 1999.  相似文献   

4.
1.  Provision for stability of slopes is one of the main problems in designing plains PSHS.
2.  The reasons for occurrence and a chain reaction of development of landslide phenomena on the south slope of the area of basic structures of the Zagorsk PSHS were peculiarities of its engineering-geological structure that were not properly taken into account in designing and carrying out construction work.
3.  For the purpose of stabilizing the landslide slope, a system of engineering measures was developed and implemented, including a change in the configuration and structure of the right-bank abutment of the upper-basin levee to the water intake, construction of a banquette, filling of a counterbanquette, draining of moraine loams, grading of the slope, surface water diversion, and monitoring of the state of the slope and elements of the antilandslide protection.
4.  Data from full-scale observatins indicate the effectiveness of the antilandslide measures that were performed and a state of the slope corresponding to criteria for the hydro development's safe operation.
5.  Innovative elements of the system of measures to stabilize the south landslide slope of the Zagorsk PSHS are:
–  the complex nature of measures, providing for the optimum set of criteria with respect to reliability, technological efficiency, construction time, and cost of adjusted expenditures;
–  minimization of one-time and total excavation for the banquette, providing for the least disruption of the slope in the process of construction;
–  draining of moraine loams, which has no known analog;
–  the use of an ejector unwatering system, which provides for minimum adjusted expenditures on construction and operation of the drainage system.
Deceased.  相似文献   

5.
Conclusions  
1.  The joint-stock company Gidrospetsstroi has accumulated fundamental experience in the development and introduction of progressive technologies in the area of special underground works, including underpinning foundations, construction of pile foundations, and stabilization of weak soils by various methods.
2.  The team at Gidrospetsstroi for more than 40 years has successfully carried out antiseepage and reinforcement measures on civil and industrial objects in Moscow and the Moscow Oblast, including a number on the instructions of the Russian Federation government and Moscow city government. By now works have been carried out on more than 1000 objects just in the capital.
3.  To prevent developing deformations of buildings and structures, Gidrospetsstroi used the construction of bored-injection (rootlike) piles for the first time in domestic practice in Moscow (1976). This technology was subsequently introduced actively on objects in Moscow and abroad.
4.  For the 850th anniversary of Moscow, Gidrospetsstroi carried out works on constructing bored cast-in-place and bored-injection piles as well as grouting of foundations and foundation-soil contact at many objects of the capital.
5.  The long accumulated experience of performing special works, highly skilled engineers and workers, mobility and flexibility of the system, which includes the necessary links—all this gives ground to consider that the joint-stock company Gidrospetsstroi can successfully accomplish almost all new upcoming tasks.
. To those interested, send a request to the address: Moscow, ul. Nikol'skaya, dom 10, Gidrospetsstroi. Telephone 925-07-93: 928-00-13. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 9, pp. 4–8, September, 1997  相似文献   

6.
1.  Oscillations due to low-frequency sources of excitation beneath the impeller in the draft tube develop in long pipelines of water-storage power plants.
2.  For the Zagorsk water-storage power plant with a long (790 m) and flexible pipeline, the natural frequency of the first type of the system's oscillation is many times lower than the predominant frequency of the lowest-frequency component of the spectrum of pressure fluctuations beneath the impeller (0.24–0.25)fre. For a shorter and stiffer pipeline, the system would approach resonance.
3.  The dynamic properties of the system depend on the opening of the guide apparatus: for small openings, the natural frequency approaches f1=(C/4)L; with large openings, it approaches f2=(C/2)L.
4.  When the unit is operating in the stationary mode, the hydrodynamic loads on the pipe lining do not exceed 0.05 MPa; this corresponds to an additional stress of 0.07 MPa in the lining and vibrational displacements of 0.183 mm (when C=780 m/sec), i.e., not more than 0.06 of the radius of the pipeline; when C=965 m/sec, the vibrational displacements do not exceed 0.08 mm.
5.  The loads on the pipeline supports do not exceed 0.36 tons on any one pile.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 27–30, August, 1992.  相似文献   

7.
Conclusions  
1.  Newly developed information-management systems should specify the existence of a single information space for the entire establishment, which encompasses both technology and administrative-economic activity.
2.  The core of the computerized portion of the system developed should be formulated on the basis of more expensive, but more reliable specialized computers.
3.  Automated support for analysis, assessment, and forecasting of activity both for the establishment on the whole, and also its individual structural parts or forms of production equipment is a promising trend in the development of information-management systems.
4.  Experience gained at the Zagorsk pumped-storage power plant relative to the loading of a generalplant information-management system based on an ACS TP indicates that modern software and hardware and methodological developments available in the field of information technology make it possible, even now, to implement the concept of an intelligent system for support of decision making as a higher level of organization of a single information space for optimal execution of the basic function of a power plant—the generation of electric power in conformity with the dispatchers curve.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 1, pp. 11–21, January, 1999.  相似文献   

8.
1.  Tests confirmed the reliability of the work of the reinforced concrete-encased steel design of the link of the penstocks of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station in the range of pressures up toP=1.4 MPa. The lining of the link and hoop reinforcement of the inside and outside rows take the tensile load in the elastic stage.
2.  The allowable opening of cracks for reinforced concrete-encased designs of a penstock with an inside sealing lining in the range of pressures up to 1.6 MPa with a width of the cracka c 0.2 mm does not exceed the standard requirements.
3.  The test of a particular link showed that with loading by an internal pressure the lining takes 30%, the reinforcement of the inside row 23%, and the reinforcement of the outside row 47% of the external load.
4.  The tests confirmed the complete correspondence of the work of the link to the design data and earlier investigations carried out in a range of pressures exceeding the operating pressure by 30%.
Deceased.  相似文献   

9.
An analysis of the experience in the Soviet Union and in foreign countries with conveyor transportation in the mining industry, as well as with use of conveyors in hydraulic construction shows that the introduction of conveyor transportation in the field of construction of embankment dams in this country, for delivery of earth-rock material from quarries, as well as for carrying raw materials to concentrating plants processing nonmetallic minerals, will make it possible.
1)  To reduce substantially the personnel nees.
2)  To lower significantly the transportation costs for delivery of earth-rock materials to construction sites and to concentrating plants processing nonmetallic mateirals (rubble, gravel, and sand);
3)  To reduce the need for trucks, by replacing them with conveyors;
4)  To increase the rate of delivery of earth-rock materials from quarries for dam, construction and, consequently, to reduce the times of completion.
5)  To reduce the volume of housing, cultural-welfare, and auxiliary-subsidiary construction in owing to the lower needs for personnel in conveyor transportation;
6)  To eliminate the need for constructing a large number of roads with rigid pavements for large-capacity dump trucks;
7)  To raise the technical level of the earth-rock work.
  相似文献   

10.
Conclusions  
1.  The developed method of strengthening lock chamber walls based on the use of prestressed beam members was substantiated by comprehensive calculations.
2.  The proposed method was realized successfully during strengthening and repair of the chamber walls of lock No. 1 of the Moscow Canal (sections No. 1–15).
3.  On-site observations of the behavior of the structures after their strengthening showed a substantial decrease of seasonal displacements of the lock walls and cessation of slipping of fragments of the walls into the chamber.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 17–21, April, 1999.  相似文献   

11.
1.  Devices for measuring all dredge operating parameters were developed and tested.
2.  The devices developed are distinguished by simplicity of design, accessibility for manufacture in workshops, their installation and adjustment can be performed by the dredge crew according to the available instruments.
3.  The technical manuals can be sent by the authors by agreement with customers. For concluding an agreement, contact the article's coauthor N. N. Kozhevikov at the address: 105568, Moscow, Chechulin Street, house 22, apartment 22, telephone 308-80-96.
Methods MI 1948 -88can ordered from Hydrotech enterprise at the address: 103062, Moscow, Chaplygin Street, house 5.  相似文献   

12.
1.  The development and mastering of the high-speed tiered method of constructing arch dams on the construction of the Miatla hydrostation provide a high rate of construction with observance of the design requirements imposed on the quality and reliability of the structures. Successful completion of the construction of the Chirkey and Miatla arch dams, their normal behavior under a load indicate the possibility of the wide use of this most economical class of retaining structures.
2.  It is expedient to examine the problem of increasing the quality of arch dams and expanding the geography of using this economical class of structures, considerably shortening the time of creating hydro developments with the use of tiered technology.
3.  Further investigations and developments should be aimed at creating quickly repairable concrete beneficiation facilities, highly mechanized systems as part of the cable cranes, conveyor systems, and means of intrablock mechanization providing a further increase in the rate of high-speed construction of arch dams.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 24–26, March, 1989.  相似文献   

13.
1.  In certain cases of constructing dams salt-containing soils serve as their foundation.
2.  Under these conditions reliable operation of the structures can be provided only by developing special engineering measures to control dissolution.
3.  All existing methods of protecting saliferous foundation soils of hydraulic structures from dissolution can be divided into passive, active, and combined.
4.  The combined methods should be considered the most effective for preventing removal of salts from foundation soils by the seepage flow.
5.  Large-scale field investigations of the work of the combined method of protecting saliferous foundation soils of the planned Lower Kafirnigan hydro development showed its high effectiveness even in the case of complex engineering-geological conditions at the construction site.
6.  Individual elements of the set of dissolution protective measures investigated under field conditions can be used in hydrotechnical and hydropower construction practice.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 10–14, October, 1994.  相似文献   

14.
Conclusions  
1.  The expediency of hydraulic-fill grading of marshy coastal territories and city dumps for housing construction and recreation park and beach zones was proved practically.
2.  Underwater coastal borrow pits in the shallow-water zone can be used for direct dredging of soil.
3.  In the absence of sand borrow pits, fine-grained loamy sand soils can be used for hydraulic filling the construction sites.
4.  To operate dredges on large water areas under conditions of violent wind-wave action, it is necessary to work out a special works organization plan taking into account the preservation of supply lines, machines, and crew during a storm and under ice conditions in the winter.
5.  The possibility of using the ash of heat and power plants for engineering grading of a marshy territory for housing construction on a pile foundation was proved.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 9, pp. 29–33, September, 1997.  相似文献   

15.
1.  At present Gidroproekt has gained considerable experience in calculating the stability and designing rock slopes. In all, the stability of more than 100 slopes at 20 Soviet hydropower facilities has been analyzed during the period since 1970.
2.  Cases of failure of the masses related to errors in design have not been observed at a single one of the designed slopes, which permits concluding the soundness of the method used by the authors for calculating the stability of rock slopes and analyzing the initial information.
3.  The conditions of conducting and the parameters of drilling and blasting operations have a noticeable effect on slope stability and their angles, which indicates the need for the thorough development and rigorous observance of the plans of the drilling and blasting operations.
4.  At a number of hydropower facilities detailed calculations of stability made it possible to eliminate costly engineering measures, as a result of which about 1 million rubles were saved.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 4–8, December, 1989.  相似文献   

16.
1.  The arch dam of the Khudoni hydrostation can be constructed by the continuous conveyor technology as enlarged blocks.
2.  The rate of concreting the dam for the proposed dimensions of the blocks and times of covering them can reach 200–250 m3/h.
3.  To attain the indicated rate of concreting, it is necessary to construct near the dam site a new concrete plant with facilities for cooling or heating the concrete mix.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 13–14, August, 1990.  相似文献   

17.
1.  Investigations showed that when constructing dams of fine-grained silty soils by hydraulic filling, it is expedient to use the technology of layerwise placement of soil with consolidation of each layer.
2.  Dependences are given for calculating the thickness of the layers and period of consolidation of the soil on the basis of investigations of the dynamics of the hydrophysical properties of these soils in relation to technological factors.
3.  Dependences are also proposed for predicting the density of the hydraulic-filled soil during construction, as well as the distribution of soil in the profile of the structure.
4.  A method is proposed for calculating the technological parameters, in particular, the rate of construction of hydraulic-fill structures, calculating the size and number of the hydraulic-fill plots referred to one dredge, and prediction of the seepage discharge into the foundation of the dams during their hydraulic filling.
5.  The proposed calculation methods make possible a more substantiated approach to the design of hydraulic-fill structures of fine-grained silty soils and technology of their construction.
Translated from Gidrotekhicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 6, pp. 5–9, June, 1990.  相似文献   

18.
1.  The final stage of damming the Irtysh River was carried out without complications owing to thorough preparation for this important stage of works on the part of the entire team of Irtyshgesstroi.
2.  The cut made to the upper cofferdam and undercutting of the cofferdams by dredges considerably facilitated damming of the Irtysh in the final stage.
3.  When modeling damming, the design and research organizations have to approach this important problem in greater detail and from all sides and to investigate the process with the active help in the investigations of those doing the damming.
4.  Damming of the Irtysh River in the region of Semipalatinsk city was complicated by the considerable difference of the actual drop in the gap and that determined on the model owing to the complexity of modeling such a large river with a multitude of branches.
5.  Damming of rivers in the winter at negative temperatures considerably complicates the works both organizationally and technologically, and therefore preparation for damming should be thoroughly perfected.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 9, pp. 13–16, September, 1991.  相似文献   

19.
Conclusions  
1.  At the current stage of hydrotechnical construction designs of structures constructed with the complete or maximum use of natural materials and providing complete mechanization of the construction and repair of structures can be most effective.
2.  It is necessary to begin immediately experimental laboratory studies and to provide standards on the use of natural materials of the sand-gravel mixture type in designs of hydraulic structures.
3.  It is necessary to begin exploration of potential deposits of SGMs and to calculate their reserves.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 17–20, October, 1999.  相似文献   

20.
1.  The stockholder firm Gidrospetsstroi first developed, made feasible, and completely mastered a new procedure for work involving the monolithizing of large-diameter steel-reinforced-concrete pipelines in the domestic practice of special operations. 978 butt joints between individual elements have been successfully grouted.
2.  A procedure for monolithizing joints between reinforced-concrete elements in pipelines, which has been implemented in the construction of the Zagorsk water storage power plant, can be classified as a new technically complex form of special hydrotechnical operations. In conducting the work, it is necessary to focus attention on strict observance of the work procedure and on the possibility of bulging of the metallic lining of the conduit in the case where injection requirements are not observed. The work requires attending personnel with high qualifications, and should be accompanied by careful certification inspection to guarantee reliable quality of the work.
3.  Operations involving the monolithizing of butt joints in the steel-reinforced-concrete pressure pipelines have important principal differences with respect to the classical grouting of joints in monolithizing concrete dams and with respect to work involving the grouting of massive reinforced-concrete blocks possessing elements of a work procedure involving filler grouting beyond the facing in individual cases.
4.  The firm Gidrospetsstroi, which has significant experience in the design, technology, production, and quality control of special operations, guarantees their successful execution. The firm offers highly qualified specialists, production equipment, the timely publication of design-estimate documentation, and the realization of careful control (in the form of certification inspection) over the quality of their work.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 11–15, August, 1992.  相似文献   

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