改性花生蛋白基黏合剂用于杨木胶合板热压工艺的研究

通过单因素试验,对改性花生蛋白黏合剂所适用的杨木胶合板最佳热压工艺条件进行探究。着重考察了热压压力、热压时间、热压温度和涂胶量对胶合板湿态胶合强度的影响,并利用正交试验进行工艺优化。研究结果表明:最佳热压工艺为热压压力0.6 MPa、热压时间600 s、热压温度100℃和涂胶量210 g/m²。利用该工艺制备的胶合板湿态胶合强度达到1.39 MPa,满足国家Ⅱ类胶合板的要求(0.70 MPa)。     

豆基蛋白质胶粘剂改性及应用研究

为了降低豆基蛋白质胶粘剂的黏度、提高胶合板的耐沸水胶接强度和满足工业化的生产要求,对传统豆基蛋白质胶粘剂进行改性,并通过胶粘剂的黏度、pH值、凝胶时间、耐沸水胶接强度以及热分析结果等确定了改性剂的合理用量。然后以热压温度、热压时间、热压压力和涂胶量作为试验因素,以胶接强度作为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备胶合板用改性豆基蛋白质胶粘剂的较佳工艺条件。结果表明:改性剂的合理用量(质量分数)是40%;胶合板的较佳热压工艺参数是热压温度140℃,热压时间5 min,热压压力1.2 MPa,双面涂胶量310 g/m2;在此较佳热压工艺条件下制备的胶合板,其耐沸水胶接强度较理想(为1.12 MPa),并且满足Ⅰ类胶合板的标准要求。     

落叶松生物油/酚醛树脂胶粘剂制备刨花板的工艺研究

以生物油替代45%苯酚(质量分数)制备生物油/酚醛树脂(PF)胶粘剂,并以此作为制备刨花板用胶粘剂。以热压温度、热压时间、刨花含水率以及施胶量为试验因素,静曲强度、内结合强度和甲醛释放量为评价指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备刨花板的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:制备刨花板的最佳工艺参数为热压温度180℃、热压时间8min、含水率12%和施胶量10%;在此工艺条件下制备的刨花板,其强度满足GB/T4897-2003标准要求、甲醛释放量达到GB/T18580-2001标准中E0级要求。     

木焦油改性生物油-酚醛树脂胶粘剂的工艺条件研究

以木焦油作为BOPF(生物油-酚醛树脂)的改性剂,制备BTPF(木焦油改性生物油-酚醛树脂)胶粘剂,并用于胶合板的制备。以木焦油加入量、催化剂(NaOH)含量和反应时间作为试验因素,以胶接强度、黏度和凝胶时间作为评价指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备BTPF胶粘剂的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当w(木焦油)=15%、w(NaOH)=4%和反应时间为40 min时,BTPF胶粘剂的综合性能相对最好,并且完全满足GB/T 14732-2006标准中的指标要求,相应胶合板的胶接强度(1.54 MPa)和甲醛释放量(0.25 mg/L)达到了GB/T 18580—2001标准中的Eo级指标要求。     

生物油淀粉胶黏剂制备工艺研究

对快速热解制得的杨木生物油进行GC-MS分析,确定其含有多种对制备淀粉基胶黏剂有益的有机组分。以生物油质量分数、生物油加入后淀粉乳液pH、生物油与淀粉乳液的反应时间以及固化剂质量分数4个关键条件为实验因素,胶合强度为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备生物油淀粉胶黏剂的最佳工艺条件为:生物油质量分数为20%,pH为7.5,反应时间为45 min,固化剂质量分数为18%。用该胶黏剂制备的胶合板的胶合强度达到GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中Ⅱ类胶合板要求。     

改性豆基蛋白胶粘剂的制备及应用

以改性异氰酸酯作为交联剂,制备改性豆基蛋白胶粘剂。探讨了交联剂、乳化剂和热压工艺条件等因素对该胶粘剂耐水胶接强度的影响。结果表明:当w(交联剂)=6%、u(乳化剂)=1.5%、热压时间为60 s/mm、热压压力为1.0 MPa和热压温度为120℃时,胶合板的耐水胶接强度为1.21 MPa,完全满足GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中Ⅱ类胶合板的使用要求,并且改性生豆基蛋白胶粘剂的适用期超过60 h。     

大豆蛋白胶竹材胶合板制作工艺的研究

以大豆蛋白胶为竹材胶合板的无甲醛胶黏剂,研究了胶合板的热压工艺。结果表明,大豆蛋白胶的竹材胶合板的最佳热压工艺参数:热压时间50 min,热压压力17 MPa,热压温度140℃,施胶量400 g/m2。在此条件下,胶合板在胶合强度和耐水性方面均高于国家标准Ⅱ类胶合板要求。     

聚乙烯醇改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

以12%PVA(聚乙烯醇)溶液为共混改性剂,制备了胶合板用改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂。着重探讨了PVA溶液用量、热压温度和热压时间对胶合板粘接性能的影响,并对该胶粘剂的结构进行了表征。研究结果表明:随着PVA溶液用量的增加,胶粘剂的黏度增大,但胶合板的粘接强度呈先降后升态势;当w(PVA)=80%(相对于大豆蛋白胶粘剂质量而言)、热压温度为130℃和热压时间为15 min时,胶合板的粘接性能相对最好;PVA和纯大豆蛋白之间存在较强的氢键作用,这是提升改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂粘接强度的主要原因。     

大豆蛋白胶粉胶合板热压工艺的研究

粉状胶粘剂具有贮存时间长、运输方便、含水量低的优点,为了防止热压过程中的＂鼓泡＂现象,促进大豆蛋白胶粉的应用,研究了用改性大豆蛋白胶粉制造胶合板的热压工艺,通过单因素实验和正交实验,得到最优组合为：胶粉施胶量120 g/m2,胶水施胶量230 g/m2,热压时间110 s/mm,热压压力132 MPa,此时胶合强度为0.98 MPa,达到国家标准Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。     

高频固化型E_0级脲醛树脂胶粘剂的应用与研究

采用工业化合成的E0级脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂,考察了几种单组分固化剂和双组分固化剂的固化时间,优选出最佳复配固化剂及其配比。通过比较不同热压温度时胶合板的湿胶接强度和甲醛释放量,优选出高频压机压制的多层杨木胶合板的适宜热压温度。结果表明:在复配固化剂中,当w(过硫酸铵)=4%、w(过硫酸钾)=0.4%时,固化时间最短;当热压温度为70～80℃时,胶合板的湿胶接强度达到GB/T9846-2004标准中Ⅱ类胶合板的要求,其甲醛释放量达到GB/T9846-2004标准中E0级要求。     

Determination of formaldehyde and TVOC emission behavior from interior use plywood using various post heat treatment processes

To reduce the formaldehyde/TVOC emissions from plywood with melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin, four heat treatment procedures were designed and applied. Five‐ply plywood was fabricated, and its formaldehyde/TVOC emissions and wet shear strength were tested. Results showed that a simple low/no pressure post heat treatment procedure was effective and practical to decrease the formaldehyde/TVOC emissions from plywood. This was attributed to completely cured of MUF resin, the breakage of unstable chemical bonds, the acceleration of free formaldehyde releasing, and the exposed surface of the plywood. Meanwhile, this process also balanced the interior force of the resultant plywood and improved its wet shear strength. Under a 12 h oven heat treatment procedure after hot press, the formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from plywood decreased to 0.020 and 0.036 ppm, respectively, while the surface and core layer wet shear strength of plywood was improved to 1.24 and 1.08 MPa. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44909.     

胶合板用尿素改性酚醛树脂胶合性能的研究

制备了不同尿素用量的系列尿素改性酚醛（PUF）树脂体系（当尿素用量为苯酚质量的0、25%、43%、66%时分别记为PF、PUF-1、PUF-2、PUF-3）,并将其用于制备胶合板,研究树脂在胶合板加工过程中的变化。结果表明：PUF-3树脂与桉木和杨木的接触角为79.6°和81.1°,小于PF树脂的,PUF对桉木相容性比杨木优良,PF树脂则相反;对4种树脂进行DSC分析显示,PF、PUF-1、PUF-2、PUF-3固化速率最大温度分别为146.8、171.4、171.8和171.8℃;PUF-3和面粉共混体系的流变行为显示该共混体系110℃开始发生固化反应,（130±5）℃为较合适的热压温度;对热压前后PF和PUF-3进行热重分析,结果发现PUF的耐高温性能优于PF,热压后形成的结构耐热性也更好;4种树脂压制的胶合板性能达到E₀级,甲醛释放量均小于0.5mg/L,胶合强度分别为1.42、1.11、0.98和0.92MPa。     

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio-oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

Highly phenol substituted bio-oil–phenol–formaldehyde (BPF) adhesives were prepared via the phenolization-copolymerization method, in which furfural was used as a novel crosslinking agent to improve the bonding performance. The effects of bio-oil percentage, furfural content, curing temperature, and pressure on the performance of BPF adhesives have been studied in detail. A BPF adhesive with 75% bio-oil percentage and 15% furfural loading (named 75BPF_15) was synthesized, which was cured at 180 °C and 4 MPa. Compared to the conventional phenol–formaldehyde adhesive, the wet tensile strength of 75BPF_15 adhesive reached 2.84 MPa, which was significantly higher than the 1.54 MPa of PF. A possible mechanism of BPF adhesives crosslinked with furfural is proposed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46995.     

Fabrication and morphological control of three-dimensional cage type mesoporous titanosilicate with extremely high Ti content

TiSBA-1 materials with extremely high Ti content, up to silicon to titanium ratio (n_Si/n_Ti) of 2.4, have been successfully prepared through direct synthesis method by controlling the molar ratio of hydrochloric acid to silicon (n_HCl/n_Si). It has been found that the amount of Ti content and the structure of the TiSBA-1 can easily be controlled by the simple adjustment of n_HCl/n_Si ratio. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the obtained materials revealed that the materials are highly ordered and possess cubic three-dimensional cage type structure with open windows. N₂ adsorption–desorption measurement confirmed the narrow pore size distribution, high specific surface area (1317–1491 m² g⁻¹), and large specific pore volume (0.68–0.75 cm³ g⁻¹) for all the samples. UV–vis DR spectra of the prepared materials confirmed that Ti atoms are exclusively incorporated within silica framework and occupy the tetrahedral position while the presence of isolated bulk titania could be negligible. Morphologies of the TiSBA-1 materials have been also controlled by simply adjusting the n_Si/n_Ti ratio. With the appropriate Ti content, TiSBA-1 materials can be obtained as regular fine spheres. Moreover, the detailed mechanism on the morphological and phase transition control, and the incorporation of high amount of Ti in the framework of TiSBA-1 materials has been also discussed in detail.     

Co-MOF-74的合成及其吸附正己烷/1-己烯性能

采用溶剂热方法合成了Co-MOF-74,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、氮气吸附、红外光谱（FTIR）、热重-差热分析（TG-DSC）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其进行表征,研究其吸附正己烷/1-己烯性能。结果表明,优化的Co-MOF-74合成工艺条件为：原料配比n[Co（NO₃）₂·6H₂O]：n（DHTP）：n（THF）：n（H₂O）=2：1：165：750,晶化温度100℃,晶化时间24h,150℃活化2h。合成Co-MOF-74对1-己烯和正己烷的静态饱和吸附量分别为125.6mg/g和72.9mg/g,BET比表面积为1209m²/g,孔体积为0.41cm³/g,微孔平均孔径为0.66nm。L-F吸附模型能较好地解释Co-MOF-74材料对1-己烯的吸附等温线数据,Co-MOF-74吸附1-己烯的过程是热力学自发放热过程。     

Preparation and performance of lignin–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives

Steam explosion lignin phenol formaldehyde (SEL–PF) adhesives were prepared by ternary gradual copolymerization. The parameters for the phenolate of steam explosion lignin (SEL) and preparation of SEL–PF adhesives were optimized. Under the optimum phenolate conditions, the phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin increased by 130%, whilst the methoxyl content was reduced by 68%. The SEL–PF adhesives were used to prepare plywoods by hot-pressing. The pH value, viscosity, solid content, free phenol content and free formaldehyde content of SEL–PF adhesives were investigated. The bonding strengths of the plywoods glued with SEL–PF adhesives were determined. The maximum SEL replacement percentage of phenol reached 70 wt%, and the properties of adhesives and plywoods met the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 14732-2006) for first grade plywood.     

Phenolic resol resin adhesives prepared from alkali-catalyzed liquefied phenolated wood and used to bond hardwood

Wood-based resol resins were prepared from both water- and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-catalyzed liquefied phenolated wood. The effects of various reaction parameters, e.g. the concentrations of phenol and formaldehyde, temperature, and time, on the extent of yield, free phenol content, molecular weight as well as the gluability of the resol resins have been evaluated. As far as the yield, free phenol content, and molecular weight are concerned, the optimum conditions of resol resin preparation were found to be a phenol : wood weight ratio of 4 : 6, a formaldehyde : phenol mole ratio of 1.5 : 1, a temperature of 82.5°C, and time 3 h. However, these optimum conditions changed when the performance of the adhesives was considered in terms of the adhesive bond strengths for plywood joints. The yield, molecular weights, polydispersity, and gluability of resol resins prepared from water-catalyzed liquefied wood were lower compared with those prepared from NaOH-catalyzed ones. In most cases, the dry-bond strengths of the experimental plywood joints exceeded the minimum Japan Agricultural Standard (JAS) values. On the other hand, except at a higher formaldehyde: phenol ratio (i.e. 2.0 : 1 mole ratio), the plywood joints of all samples delaminated during 'boil-dry-boil' cyclic treatments. However, both dry- and wet-bond strengths of the plywood joints could be improved to exceed standard values by using an additional crosslinking agent, e.g. poly(methylene (polyphenyl isocyanate)) (polymeric MDI). The adhesive perfomance of the wood-based resol resins was explained on the basis of the adhesion between wood veneers and resol resin adhesives.     

混合碱效应对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃结构和热膨胀性能的影响

本文用传统高温熔融法熔制Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系高铝玻璃,改变碱金属氧化物n(Li₂O)/n(Na₂O)的摩尔比,运用阿基米德排水法、热膨胀仪、DSC、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱等测试手段和仪器,探究了混合碱金属效应对Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系玻璃结构和热膨胀性能的影响。结果显示:随着n(Li₂O)/n(Na₂O)比例增大,混合碱金属效应对Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系玻璃的密度和热膨胀系数的影响一致,表现为先增大后减小,当R=0.25(R=n(Li₂O)/[n(Li₂O)+n(Na₂O)],摩尔比)时,出现极值,此时密度达到最大2.447 4 g/cm³,热膨胀系数达到最大7.811 7×10^-6/℃;对玻璃特征温度的影响随着温度的升高而逐渐减弱至消失;对玻璃的析晶能力有一定的提升作用;对玻璃三维骨架结构中的硅氧四面体Qⁿ的影响也各不相同。     

Kinetics of asphaltenes conversion during hydrotreating of Maya crude

The kinetics of asphaltene conversion was studied during the hydrotreating of Maya heavy crude oil. Experimental tests were conducted in a pilot plant at the following reaction conditions: total pressure of 70–100 kg/cm², liquid hourly space-velocity (LHSV) of 0.33–1.5 h⁻¹, and reaction temperature of 380–420 °C at a constant hydrogen-to-oil ratio of 5000 ft³/bbl. A commercial NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst was used in all experiments. Asphaltenes were precipitated from Maya crude and from hydrotreated products in a Parr Batch Reactor at 25 kg/cm² and 60 °C with n-heptane as solvent. Asphaltene hydrocracking data were used to estimate reaction orders and activation energy using a power-law model, and the average absolute error between experimental and calculated concentrations of asphaltenes was found to be less than 5%.     

多组分氯盐体系镁锂分离规律初探

以Na₂CO₃为沉淀剂,初步研究了多组分氯盐混合体系（0.6 mol MgCl₂+1.1 mol LiCl+3.2 mol NaCl）中选择性沉镁的工艺规律。结果表明：在25~80 ℃,总C与总Mg物质的量比[n（C_T）/n（Mg_T）]为 0.8~1.1时,25 ℃形成针状MgCO₃·3H₂O,40 ℃以上形成Mg₅（CO₃）₄（OH）₂·4H₂O不规则片状团聚微球,其中40~50 ℃形成的片状物较为分散且粒径较小,导致固液分离困难。40 ℃时沉镁率最低。温度越高,Li₂CO₃越易形成,沉锂率越大。n（C_T）/n（Mg_T）越大沉镁率和沉锂率越高。室温（25 ℃）、n（C_T）/n（Mg_T）=1.0时,沉镁率达98%以上,且沉锂率<0.1%,镁锂分离效果最好。