基于改进基准点定位的指纹匹配算法

针对指纹匹配过程中基准点定位不准确与耗时长的缺陷,提出一种基于改进基准点定位的指纹匹配算法。该算法借助指纹图像的中心点构造局部细节结构,并在该结构上利用全等三角形原则求取基准点,将所有细节特征转化到极坐标中,利用可变界限盒的方法进行匹配。实验结果表明,该算法所确定的基准点比较准确,且耗时缩短,可提高识别率与执行效率。     

一种指纹图像增强算法研究

指纹增强技术可以有效地加强指纹的脊线特征,为指纹细节的提取和匹配奠定可靠的基础.提出一种基于Gabor滤波和形态学方法相结舍的指纹图像增强算法,进行指纹图像的规格化处理,从8个不同的方向进行Gabor滤波并重构,利用形态学方法进行细化处理输出纹理清晰的指纹图像,取得较好效果.     

一种改进的基于Gabor滤波的指纹图像增强算法

在指纹识别系统中,图像增强效果的好坏对特征提取及指纹鉴别的识别率具有决定性的影响.根据指纹图像具有方向性和频率的特点,将Gabor滤波器应用在指纹增强处理中.利用Gabor滤波器的方向选择和频率选择特性,把指纹图像的局部方向和脊线频率作为Gabor滤波函数的参数,然后将Gabor函数与纹理图像进行卷积,以此去除噪声,达到增强图像的目的.在算法设计上提高了运算速度,节省了运算时耗.实验证明,算法工作稳定,效果好,具有很强的鲁棒性.     

改进参数的Gabor滤波器指纹图像增强算法的研究

在指纹识别之前,首先要对指纹图像进行预处理操作,预处理中,Gabor滤波器能够很好的平滑和分割指纹图像,然而由于Gabor滤波器对指纹中纹路的走向和频率非常的敏感,导致经过Gabor滤波操作后的指纹图像特征点剧烈的缺失和变化。该文利用相位差二值化,使其在指纹图像二值化时能够不需要Gabor滤波,然而对指纹增加时通过Gabor,使得在增强过程中有效的连接纹理的断裂并且很好的平滑图像,这样做使得Gabor滤波对纹路频率的敏感不再影响指纹的预处理,并且很好的保留了指纹的特征。     

一种结合细节点和纹理信息的指纹匹配算法

提出了一种新的指纹联合匹配算法。该算法基于细节点周围的纹理结构信息和细节点构造出指纹特征向量。对指纹纹理进行滤波平滑,提取纹理方向信息,进而利用指纹块的纹理信息简化数据处理过程,从而提高匹配速度。该算法计算速度快,具有较高的识别率,且能较好的正确识别偏移、信息残缺等质量较差的指纹图像,具有很强的鲁棒性,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

基于Log Gabor滤波的指纹纹理匹配*

分析了Log Gabor滤波器的性能,详述了用于指纹识别的Log Gabor滤波器的构造方法,在此基础上提出了基于Log Gabor滤波器的指纹纹理匹配算法。首先采用了一种快速有效的参考点定位方法,在确定有效区域并归一化后,通过傅里叶变换把指纹图像转换到频域,在频域进行Log Gabor滤波,最后在滤波图像中提取特征,并与传统方法作了比较。实验结果表明,所提出算法的性能优于基于Gabor滤波的纹理匹配方法和基于细节点的方法,提高了指纹识别的准确率。     

一种结合细节点和纹理信息的指纹匹配算法

提出了一种新的指纹联合匹配算法.该算法基于细节点周围的纹理结构信息和细节点构造出指纹特征向量.对指纹纹理进行滤波平滑,提取纹理方向信息,进而利用指纹块的纹理信息简化数据处理过程,从而提高匹配速度.该算法计算速度快,具有较高的识别率,且能较好的正确识别偏移、信息残缺等质量较差的指纹图像,具有很强的鲁棒性,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果.     

指纹识别预处理算法

提出了一种基于Gabor滤波的指纹图像预处理算法,包括指纹图像的增强、二值化和细化等几部分;在指纹图像增强方面,利用指纹的方向特性设计出Gabor滤波器,用Gabor滤波器对指纹进行滤波;在二值化和细化方面也做了探讨;实验结果表明,经过这种预处理算法提取出了纹线,并且很好地保留了纹线的关键信息.     

基于局部特征结构的指纹匹配算法研究

针对实际应用中指纹识别系统对畸变图像识别率较低的情况,提出了一种点模式指纹匹配的新方法,利用细节点方向的分布特点,构造指纹图像中具有平移旋转不变性的局部特征结构,然后根据模板指纹和输入指纹局部特征结构的相似度寻找候选参考点对,将指纹图像进行对齐,最后进行特征点集的全局匹配,由结果分数来判断两个指纹是否匹配,给出了算法实现的全过程,实验结果表明该算法鲁棒性好,正确识别率较高,是一种实用的指纹识别技术.     

基于扇区划分的细节点采样指纹匹配算法

在对指纹匹配算法进行了深入研究及总结现有算法优缺点的基础上,提出了新的基于扇区划分的细节点采样指纹匹配算法。本算法以指纹图像参考点为中心,分扇区对细节点数目进行采样统计以构造新的指纹特征向量,再利用距离最小准则进行指纹匹配。实验结果表明,本算法有效提高了指纹图像的匹配效果和运行速度。     

基于深度学习的小面积指纹匹配方法

针对传统的基于细节特征点的指纹匹配方法多适用于采集面积较大的指纹,在面向智能手机端的小采集面积指纹时准确率明显下降的问题,提出一种基于深度学习的小面积指纹匹配方法。首先,提取指纹图像的细节特征点信息;其次,搜索和标定感兴趣纹理区域（ROI）;然后,构建并改进基于残差结构的轻量级深度神经网络,通过采用二值化特征模式优化网络和Triplet Loss方式训练模型;最后,制定一种智能手机端注册-匹配策略实现小面积指纹匹配。实验结果表明,提出方法在公开库FVCDB1与自建数据库上的等错率（EER）分别仅为0.50%与0.58%,远低于传统的基于细节特征点的指纹匹配方法,能够有效提升小面积指纹匹配的性能,更好地满足智能手机端的应用需求。     

基于中心点的自适应匹配算法

随着指纹识别技术的广泛应用，人们对指纹匹配速度和精度的要求越来越高。为了满足用户的需求，研究人员提出了许多优秀的匹配算法，其中点匹配算法是目前研究较广泛的一种算法。由于指纹录入时产生旋转、平移和非才性形变，一般在进行精确的匹配之前先将指纹进行校正。切践校正算法简单，有利于解决指纹录入时产生的旋转和平移，提高匹配速度。在点匹配算法中，利用特征点的方向信息和坐标信息进行匹配，同时采用自适应阀值法，对指纹录入时产生的非玑性形变具有较好的鲁棒性，可以提高识别率。     

On the individuality of fingerprints

Fingerprint identification is based on two basic premises: (1) persistence and (2) individuality. We address the problem of fingerprint individuality by quantifying the amount of information available in minutiae features to establish a correspondence between two fingerprint images. We derive an expression which estimates the probability of a false correspondence between minutiae-based representations from two arbitrary fingerprints belonging to different fingers. Our results show that (1) contrary to the popular belief, fingerprint matching is not infallible and leads to some false associations, (2) while there is an overwhelming amount of discriminatory information present in the fingerprints, the strength of the evidence degrades drastically with noise in the sensed fingerprint images, (3) the performance of the state-of-the-art automatic fingerprint matchers is not even close to the theoretical limit, and (4) because automatic fingerprint verification systems based on minutia use only a part of the discriminatory information present in the fingerprints, it may be desirable to explore additional complementary representations of fingerprints for automatic matching.     

Consensus fingerprint matching with genetically optimised approach

Fingerprint matching has been approached using various criteria based on different extracted features. However, robust and accurate fingerprint matching is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an improved integrated method which operates by first suggesting a consensus matching function, which combines different matching criteria based on heterogeneous features. We then devise a genetically guided approach to optimise the consensus matching function for simultaneous fingerprint alignment and verification. Since different features usually offer complementary information about the matching task, the consensus function is expected to improve the reliability of fingerprint matching. A related motivation for proposing such a function is to build a robust criterion that can perform well over a variety of different fingerprint matching instances. Additionally, by employing the global search functionality of a genetic algorithm along with a local matching operation for population initialisation, we aim to identify the optimal or near optimal global alignment between two fingerprints. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by means of a series of experiments conducted on public domain collections of fingerprint images and compared with previous work. Experimental results show that the consensus function can lead to a substantial improvement in performance while the local matching operation helps to identify promising initial alignment configurations, thereby speeding up the verification process. The resulting algorithm is more accurate than several other proposed methods which have been implemented for comparison.     

自动指纹识别中的图像增强和细节匹配算法

对自动指纹识别系统(automated fingerprint identification system,简称AFIS)的两个重要问题——指纹图像增强和细节匹配进行研究,给出了一种基于方向场的指纹图像增强算法,对Anil Jain等人提出的细节匹配算法进行了修正.采用一种新的更简单的方法进行指纹图像的校准,并以一种简单而有效的方式将脊线信息引入匹配过程中,这样做的好处之一是以较低的计算代价有效地解决了匹配中参照点对的选取问题.另外,采用大小可变的限界盒来适应指纹的非线性形变.在FVC2000公布的指纹图像数据库上,按照FVC2000测试标准所做的实验显示,该算法比原算法有较大的改进.     

基于细节点邻域信息的可撤销指纹模板生成算法

为了提高指纹模板算法的安全性等性能,设计了一种基于细节点邻域信息的可撤销指纹模板生成算法.首先对指纹图像进行预处理,提取指纹的细节点特征,然后采用改进的细节点描述子采样结构提取细节点邻域的纹线特征,最后结合用户PIN码生成指纹模板,同时结合贪婪算法设计了相应的指纹匹配算法.在指纹数据库FVC2002-DB1和DB2上的实验表明,该算法具有良好的认证性能,能较好地满足可撤销性、多样性和不可逆性,而且改进的采样结构在没有降低系统识别性能的情况下,进一步拓展了细节点描述子的采样结构方式.     

基于奇异点邻近结构的快速指纹识别

将指纹识别中分类和匹配过程相结合,提出了一种包含奇异点周边的方向场和细节点等特征的奇异点邻近结构.该结构利用奇异点周边识别信息集中的特点,大大减少了匹配的计算量,并能够同时作为指纹分类和比对的特征,直接应用于指纹的连续分类和快速匹配过程,实现对大容量指纹数据库的快速识别.在NIST和FVC2004数据库上的测试结果显示,该算法在保证自动指纹识别系统(automatic fingerprint identification system,简称AFIS)的识别准确性的同时,还使得指纹在线识别系统的1:N辨识速度有显著的提高.     

Removal of digitization errors in fingerprint ridgelines using B-splines

Most of the contemporary automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) are based on a dual strategy of combining the minutiae information with the ridge topography in order to improve the overall matching performance. To ensure the efficiency and robustness of such an AFIS, it is necessary, therefore, to rectify the abnormalities or aberrations of the underlying ridge topography, in general, and to smoothen the uneven/noisy ridgelines, in particular. The proposed work deals with one such problem besetting fingerprint analysis—the problem of eliminating digitization errors that usually creep in during fingerprint acquisition or during preprocessing. The method mainly involves fitting of B-splines for a set of control points chosen appropriately for each ridgeline in a fingerprint image. These fitted splines, in turn, can be used to reconstruct the concerned fingerprint, which, after the rectification procedure, becomes almost devoid of such digitization error. With a proper “smoothness parameter” that determines the extent to which a ridgeline is smoothed, the structural information of the corrected ridgelines produces improved results on fingerprint matching. Experimental results on several databases have been reported, which clearly demonstrate the strength and elegance of the proposed algorithm.     

Combining multiple matchers for a high security fingerprint verification system

Integration of various fingerprint matching algorithms is a viable method to improve the performance of a fingerprint verification system. Different fingerprint matching algorithms are often based on different representations of the input fingerprints and hence complement each other. We use the logistic transform to integrate the output scores from three different fingerprint matching algorithms. Experiments conducted on a large fingerprint database confirm the effectiveness of the proposed integration scheme.     

Pores and ridges: high-resolution fingerprint matching using level 3 features

Fingerprint friction ridge details are generally described in a hierarchical order at three different levels, namely, level 1 (pattern), level 2 (minutia points), and level 3 (pores and ridge contours). Although latent print examiners frequently take advantage of level 3 features to assist in identification, automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) currently rely only on level 1 and level 2 features. In fact, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) standard of fingerprint resolution for AFIS is 500 pixels per inch (ppi), which is inadequate for capturing level 3 features, such as pores. With the advances in fingerprint sensing technology, many sensors are now equipped with dual resolution (500 ppi/1,000 ppi) scanning capability. However, increasing the scan resolution alone does not necessarily provide any performance improvement in fingerprint matching, unless an extended feature set is utilized. As a result, a systematic study to determine how much performance gain one can achieve by introducing level 3 features in AFIS is highly desired. We propose a hierarchical matching system that utilizes features at all the three levels extracted from 1,000 ppi fingerprint scans. Level 3 features, including pores and ridge contours, are automatically extracted using Gabor filters and wavelet transform and are locally matched using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. Our experiments show that level 3 features carry significant discriminatory information. There is a relative reduction of 20 percent in the equal error rate (EER) of the matching system when level 3 features are employed in combination with level 1 and 2 features. This significant performance gain is consistently observed across various quality fingerprint images