水电站机组调速系统改造

1 设备概况 　　小山水电站位于第二松花江干流上,总装机容量为2×80MW,机组型式为三导悬式,1号机组采用KZT-100型块式直连型机械调速器,主要由电液转换器、平衡杆、引导阀、机械反馈等部分组成.自1997年12月份机组投产发电以来,调速系统运行相对比较稳定,但也逐渐暴露出来一些影响机组安全稳定运行的问题.……     

电液转换器结构及性能对比分析

电液转换器结构及性能对比分析李家峡电厂筹建处李美秀，张东胜水轮机调速器是水力机组控制的重要设备，作为现代调速器，电液转换器是电液调速器中连接电气部分和机械液压部分的关键部件。它的作用是将电气部分输出的电气信号转换成具有一定操作力和位移量的机械位移信号...     

数字阀PCC可编程智能调速器在漾头水电站的应用

1 前言 漾头水电站机组的原调速器为JST-100F电液调速器，主要由测频、PID调节器和随动系统三大部分组成，由电气部分来实现PID调节规律，液压柜仅起到随动系统的作用，它把调节器的电信号通过电液转换器转换、动作于伺服阀接通相应油路，并通过主配压阀二级放大，变成足够大的机械位移，动作于接力器，接力器与主配压阀开环无反馈；在电气上采用的模拟电子调节器，抗干挠效果差；自动运行时，常误动作。自投入运行以来，随着长时间的运行，机械的磨损，分立元件的老化，严重地影响机组的安全经济稳定运行。     

运行中检修调试电液转换器的方法

1.电液转换器直接关系到自动运行的可靠性据不完全调查表明,全国约有60%的电调存在着:差动活塞的自定中心孔容易堵塞、控制套发卡、线圈与磁钢摩擦等缺陷,造成特性不稳定,调节系统抽动、失去液压平衡及溜负荷现象,有时还会甩去全部负荷,严重威胁机组的安全运行。2.机组手动消缺自动状态下调试避免了停机影响调速器的关键部件发生故障,以往处理时要停机,有时为做必要的试验还须放落上游闸门或关闭蝴蝶阀,结果增加了临修次数,使电厂的主要指标受到影响,同时给系统调度带来麻烦。陈村水电站     

步进式螺纹伺服型电液转换器在水轮机调速器中的应用

佛子岭水电站在^#7机水轮机调速器的技术改造中,在液压调节柜中采用了一种新型的螺纹伺服型电液转换器,该电液转换器抗油污能力强,不发卡,降低了液压调节柜的故障率,提高了机组运行的可靠性,使电厂向“无人值班,少人值班”的目标迈进了一步。     

马迹塘水电厂液压系统的特点

水轮机电液调速器的机械液压系统对整个机组的可靠运行是很重要的。正因为如此,一般我们都将事故停机的一些保护措施设在该部分。所以液压元件是否可靠、液压回路设计的是否合理,关系到整个机组是否能安全可靠地运行。我厂的电液调速器机械液压部分与我国     

大型机组双无油电转多重容错调速器及应用

介绍了WT-100-6.3-SC型双无油电转多重容错调速器的系统结构。该型调速器采用了对称冗余电液转换器———双无油电液转换器;多重容错系统配置有1 024种组态可正常工作;调速器采用片上系统（SOC）型单片机实现测频功能。该型调速器已稳定运行2年,提高了大型水轮机组调节的安全可靠性和稳定性。     

公伯峡水电站调速系统运行情况分析

公伯峡水电厂调速器采用微机电液调速器加电液随动装置的系统结构,电气柜和机械柜分开设置。文章指出了该调速系统在公伯峡电站机组运行中所起的作用,并结合5台机组近2年的运行状况,对调速系统在运行中所暴露出的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

WBST-A可编程步进式调速器在水电机组上的应用

葛洲坝水电厂1990年以前使用的水轮机调速器,是代表了当时我国的技术水平,此类调速器的运行稳定性和可靠性都不理想,经1992年后的改造,技术性能有较大提高,1996年用电－位移转换器来代替电液转换器,研制成新的WBST－A型步进式可编程调速器,几年的运行表明其稳定性及可靠性远比配置电液转换器的调速器好。     

步进式水轮机调速器 WBST-A(电柜) BST-150(机柜)

ＷＢＳＴ－Ａ（电柜）ＢＳＴ－１５０（机柜）该调速器无需用高精密度油源,取消了电液转换器,彻底克服了老式电液调速器因电液转换器固有的零点漂移、溜负荷、过负荷及发卡、抽动、调节重复性差等缺点;取消了放大板及继电器,消除了因电位器、继电器接触不良及零点漂移等引起的故障,从而大大提高了运行的可靠性。该装置手动运行时,仍可实现现地及远方增／减负荷,由于步进式电位移伺服系统采用了闭环控制,完全消除了丢步现象。产品具有结构简单、工作可靠、维护量小、切换方便等优点。适用于水电厂水轮发电机频率功率控制。主要技术指…     

Scheduling hydro power systems with restricted operating zones anddischarge ramping constraints

An optimization-based algorithm is presented for scheduling hydro power systems with restricted operating zones and discharge ramping constraints. Hydro watershed scheduling problems are difficult to solve because many constraints, continuous and discrete, including hydraulic coupling of cascaded reservoirs have to be considered. Restricted or forbidden operating zones as well as minimum generation limits of hydro units result in discontinuous preferred operating regions, and hinder direct applications of efficient continuous optimization methods such as network flow algorithms. Discharge ramping constraints due to navigational, environmental and recreational requirements in a hydro system add another dimension of difficulty since they couple generation or water discharge across time horizon. Integrated consideration of the above constraints is very challenging. The key idea of this paper is to use additional sets of multipliers to relax discontinuous operating region and discharge ramping constraints on individual hydro units so that a two-level optimization structure is formed. The low level consists of a continuous discharge scheduling subproblem determining the generation levels of all units in the entire watershed, and a number of pure integer scheduling subproblems determining the hydro operating states, one for each unit. The discharge subproblem is solved by a network flow algorithm, and the integer scheduling problems are solved by dynamic programming with a small number of states and well-structured transitions     

Evaluation of the operating reserve in hydrothermal generation systems

The demand for an accurate evaluation of power reserves has become very important especially since the installation of large generating units such as nuclear power plants. The features of the power reserve and its partition into non-spinning and spinning components are discussed. Attention is paid to the regulating margin of the generating units and to the problem of evaluating the magnitude and duration of the operating reserve in a hydrothermal generating system under uncertain conditions.Practical examples are given to illustrate evaluation of the fast and slow operating reserves for the hydro and thermal subsystems of the Egyptian Unified Power System. The relation between the uncertainty in the amount of the required operating reserve on the one hand, and the amount of statistical data and size of added generating units on the other are discussed.     

水轮机调速器的PID调节规律

本文根据水轮机调节系统的特点分析了PID调节规律在水轮机调速器中的具体应用及PID参数的选择，指出现代水轮机调速器中的主导调节规律还是PID调节。     

水位调节模式下水轮机调节系统调节参数最优配置

本文在建立水位调节模式下的水轮机调节系统数学模型的基础上，采用基于最优状态调节器的综合主导极点配置方法，对水轮机调节系统在该模式下的极点进行最优配置，得出了调节对象与调节参数之间的最优函数关系。利用正交试验法，得出了研究对象在水位扰动工况下的调节参数的最优整定公式。仿真表明，利用该公式配置调节参数，可得到满意的动态性能。     

Effect of a pumped storage plant on the generation reliability of the Taiwan power system

A novel approach to the reliability analysis of a power system with both hydro and pumped storage plants is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the concept of peak shaving for the hydro and pumped storage units. Different values of the stored energy of the pumped storage units are employed to demonstrate their effect on the generation reliability of a power system. The proposed scheme has been applied successfully to the reliability analysis of Taiwan power system.     

河南电网AGC水火电联调试验研究

在华中网调对各省调的联络线电量考核办法由区域控制偏差(ACE)模式转变为控制性能标准(CPS)模式的背景下,由于河南电网的水电机组较少,因而水火电自动发电控制(AGC)机组的协调控制成为一个有待解决的问题。提出了2种控制模式,并进行了水火电联调试验研究。根据试验结果,对2种控制模式及其不同应用方案的特性和效果进行分析比较,在此基础上提出水火电机组同时投运时的合理控制方案,并针对联调试验中出现的问题,确定需要进一步开展的工作。     

矢量变频技术在调速系统中的实现

本系统由计算机控制主频率、电机控制模式由矢量控制的变频开、闭环调速系统,实现了计算机、变频器与电机之间相互通信联络技术及远距离监控.运行结果表明:该系统调速范围宽、无速度超调、系统响应快、抗干扰能力强等特点.     

Mixed integer programming of generalized hydro-thermal self-scheduling of generating units

This paper presents the application of mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach for solving the hydro-thermal self scheduling (HTSS) problem of generating units. In the deregulated environment, the generation companies schedule their generators to maximize their profit while satisfying loads is not an obligation. The HTSS is a high dimensional mixed-integer optimization problem. Therefore, in the large-scale power systems, solving the HTSS is very difficult. In this paper, MIP formulation is adopted for precise modeling of dynamic ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones, operating services, valve loading effects, variable fuel cost, non-linear start-up cost functions of thermal units, fuel and emission limits of thermal units, multi head power-discharge characteristics of hydro plants and spillage of reservoir. The modified IEEE 118-bus system is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.     

Hydrothermal scheduling of a multireservoir power system withstochastic inflows

A suboptimal method for solving the annual hydrothermal scheduling problem for a multireservoir hydrothermal system is presented. Hydrothermal scheduling is performed in order to find the optimum allocation of hydro energy so that the annual operating cost of a mixed hydrothermal system is minimized. In the present work, the hydrothermal scheduling problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem which is decomposed into three subproblems; maintenance scheduling of thermal units, dispatch of thermal units, and dispatch of hydroplants. The algorithm takes into consideration the stochastic nature of the water inflows to the reservoirs and the forced outage rates of the thermal units. Results obtained by the application of the algorithm to a simplified version of the Hellenic Hydrothermal Power System, showing the effect of the hydroplants, are reported     

Power generation scheduling for multi-area hydro-thermal systemswith tie line constraints, cascaded reservoirs and uncertain data

The authors propose an approach to the short-term generation scheduling of hydro-thermal power systems (GSHT). The objective of GSHT is to minimize the total operation cost of thermal units over the scheduling time horizon. To solve the problem within a reasonable time, the problem is decomposed into thermal and hydro subproblems. The coordinator between these subproblems is the system Lagrange multiplier. For the thermal subproblem, in a multi-area power pool, it is necessary to coordinate the area generations for reducing the operation cost without violating tie limits. A probabilistic method is employed in considering load forecasting errors and forced outages of generating units to satisfy system reliability requirements. For the hydro subsystem, network flow concepts are adopted to coordinate water use over the entire study time span and the reduced gradient method is used to overcome the linear characteristic of the network flow method to obtain the optimal solution. Three case studies for the proposed method are presented