炮弹引信炮口保险性能指标分析

炮弹引信炮口保险性能是一项重要的安全性能 ,因而其设计指标也一直是广泛关注的焦点。本文根据《引信安全性设计准则》关于延期解除保险的要求 ,运用弹丸弹道学、爆炸力学和威力设计理论 ,分别从爆炸冲击波和破片杀伤两个方面分析了弹丸安全距离的大小 ,并依此讨论了炮弹引信的炮口保险性能指标。炮弹引信炮口保险距离设计指标不但与弹丸威力有关 ,还涉及弹丸初速。而影响炮弹引信炮口保险性能指标的弹丸特性主要是破片杀伤作用。对于中大口径火炮榴弹和小口径舰炮、高炮榴弹 ,引信炮口保险指标一般可按弹径的4 0 0倍确定。对于初速较低且炸药装填量又较大的某些航炮榴弹 ,引信炮口保险指标从战术需求角度来看则应远一些 ,应达 1 5m甚至 50 m。弹头引信炮口保险距离指标应比弹底引信长 ,预制破片弹引信炮口保险距离指标应比普通榴弹引信的长     

迫击炮弹引信解除保险距离性能指标分析

为了准确确定迫击炮弹引信的解除保险距离性能指标，对迫击炮弹质心外弹道进行了大量计算，对比了迫击炮弹与加农炮、榴弹炮榴弹的威力特性，归纳了国外制式迫击炮弹引信的延期解除保险性能，分析了迫击炮弹的射击使用条件。国内已有制式引信的解除保险距离下限60m偏短，而对所有发射装药条件均要求200m的可靠解除保险距离也偏短，并且无必要。迫击炮弹引信解除保险距离下限一般应不低于100m，上限以0号发射装药平射考核时一般应不大于350m，而其它发射装药条件则不必再要求和考核。相应的解除保险时间一般可确定为2～5s。     

目解引信

本文的目的是采用现代化电子技术,将传统引信设计(主要指隔爆机构)所依靠膛内环境力连续动作解除保险过程,变为两个互不相依赖的相隔甚远的阶段,构成两个独立保险件,避免引信曾发生的炮口炸、早炸及部分膛炸因素,为设计引信提供一个新思路。     

DFX10式35mm弹道指示弹

工作原理DFX10式35mm弹道指示弹由引信、药盂、延期曳光管、发烟药柱、发射装药等组成。其中引信同时设有碰击触发发火装置和惯性触发发火装置。DFX10式35mm弹道指示弹与枪挂榴弹发射器配用的其他弹种一样,亦采用高低压发射原理,当发射器击针击发榴弹底火后,弹体内的发射药被迅速引燃,燃烧产生的火药燃气使高压室内的     

基于ALE算法的膛炸数值模拟

为了调查某坦克炮发射破甲弹时导致膛炸事故发生的可能原因,就引信提前解除保险引发战斗部装药的爆炸情况进行研究,采用流固耦合方法对身管膛炸的力学特性进行数值模拟,计算身管断裂时的应力变化。首先,利用Solidworks建立身管、弹丸壳体、战斗部装药以及空气域的模型,并利用Hypermesh进行有限元网格划分。然后,在LS-DYNA计算平台中采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)算法,求解炸药与身管之间的流固耦合问题,成功模拟了引信提前解除保险引发战斗部装药爆炸时对身管的破坏作用,基本复现了身管的断裂情况。计算结果表明：炸药瞬间引爆在身管内壁造成的压力可达29 GPa;并且身管内壁压力的变化规律呈骤升骤降趋势,这与炸药爆炸产生的爆炸冲击波能量的变化规律密切相关。此外,膛炸发生时,产生的碎片较为均匀,身管两侧断裂情况与实际情况较为符合,可为进一步研究引信提前解除保险引发战斗部装药的爆炸对身管的破坏效应等提供参考。     

半可燃药筒埋头弹内弹道性能数值模拟

为了提高埋头弹药轻量化程度及发射过程的能量利用率,将可燃药筒材料应用到埋头弹药的结构中。基于二次点火和火药程序燃烧技术,将可燃药筒简化为变燃速片状药,并作为混合装药中的一种,建立了半可燃药筒埋头弹零维内弹道模型。对105 mm埋头式榴弹射击试验进行数值模拟,验证了所建模型的正确性。在此基础上对105 mm半可燃药筒埋头式穿甲弹的内弹道性能进行预测分析,得到最大膛压为537.5 MPa,炮口初速为1 667 m/s。     

埋头弹随行装药内弹道性能的数值分析

为研究埋头弹火炮的更优性能,基于2次点火及火药程序燃烧控制技术,建立了埋头弹固体随行装药内弹道零维模型。针对某埋头式榴弹的试验结果进行了数值模拟,获得的初速、膛压变化规律与实测结果相吻合。在此基础上,数值分析了加载随行装药后多参数变化对埋头弹火炮内弹道性能的影响。结果表明,在最大膛压不变的条件下,随行装药可提高炮口初速6%; 随行装药量、燃速系数及点火延迟时间三者合理优化匹配,才能实现最佳的内弹道性能。     

发射装药发射安全性评定技术的研究进展

介绍了发射装药发射安全性研究进展。弹底附近的发射药床在点燃前的大规模破碎是导致膛炸的根本原因,沿着这一主线,系统论述了发射装药发射安全性评定技术框架。发射装药发射安全性试验包括：膛内燃烧与力学环境物理仿真试验、发射药床挤压破碎模拟试验和发射药活性测试试验。弹底发射药床挤压破碎程度是发射安全性判据的立足点,用初始相对活性比可表征破碎程度,指出了评定发射装药发射安全性的判别准则。     

一种平衡抛射单兵反装甲武器发射装药低温发射安全性分析

发射膛炸的概率是评估武器使用安全性的重要性能指标。旨在研究某平衡抛射的单兵反装甲武器发射装药的发射安全性评估方法。分析了该武器系统的低温内弹道性能,建立了一种预测膛炸事故概率的方法,通过统计推断其低温最大膛压服从三参数Weibull分布,计算了其发射装药引起膛炸事故的概率。结果表明该武器发生膛炸概率较大,并通过改进消除了膛炸隐患。建立的膛炸概率预测方法可用于平衡抛射单兵反装甲武器、迫击炮、无坐力炮等武器的发射安全性分析。     

引信中的新概念及与其有关的指标和试验

引信技术的不断发展,必然要求引信中的概念也随之发展和更新。否则,其发展速度将受到影响。本文从信息概念的引入,探讨了引信的新概念,提出了引信的定义:指出了“早炸”、“安全落高”和“炮口保险”等在概念、指标和试验中所存在的问题,并相应地提出了“提前炸”、“高炸”(或“远炸”)、“无损落高”等新术语概念:分析了炮口保险试验方法应满足的必要条件和充分条件,以及采用近感模拟进行无线电引信炮口保险试验的新方法。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.