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1.
Eliasson SG 《Lipids》1966,1(4):237-240
Decreased conduction velocity in the peripheral nerves of rats is noted after induction of diabetes. The slowing of nerve
conduction is accompanied by a decrease in the in vitro incorporation of radioactive precursors into some of the myelin lipids
isolated from nerve segments. Cerebroside synthesis is more depressed than that of any other fraction. A change in the type
of cerebrosides synthesized is seen with a pronounced decrease in the rate of incorporation of saturated fatty acids.
Winner, AOCS Bond Award. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Cincinnati, October 1965. 相似文献
2.
Myocardial nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) increase markedly within the first two days after the induction of insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus in rats by intravenous injection of alloxan. After initial variability, NEFA levels in diabetic hearets
remain constant at approximately 450 nmol/g tissue (16 nmol/gmmol lipid P), which is about three times higher than that in
control hearts. Nonesterified linoleic acid is significantly increased in diabetic heart whereas both arachidonic and docosahexaenoic
acids are decreased compared to controls. 相似文献
3.
The metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was studied in male rats fed a low methionine diet for 7 days with or without
supplemental choline. Groups of animals were injected with 2-14C-ethanolamine and killed at intervals thereafter up to 72 hr. Liver phospholipids were isolated, and PE and phosphatidylcholine
(PC) were separated by argentation chromatography into diene (18∶2), tetraene (20∶4) and hexaene (22∶6) fractions. Fatty acid
composition and the distribution of radioactivity and specific activity in the total phospholipids and in the fractions were
determined. Choline deficiency did not affect total liver phospholipid, but it did increase the amount of PE and decreased
that of PC. The major effect of the deficiency on phospholipid fatty acids was to decrease the proportion of PE arachidonate
and to increase that of docosahexaenoate. Ethanolamine incorporation into liver PE of deficient rats was only slightly less
than in the controls, but loss of the radioactivity from the PE was slower. Ethanolamine radioactivity appearing in the PC
of deficient rats was about half that of the controls, even though specific activities of the PE precursors were similar to
the control rats. Choline deficiency increased the biological half-lives of the total PE and its fractions. Although the proportion
of PE tetraenoic fraction was reduced, the total amount of this liver PE fraction in deficient rats was not affected. However
the amount of hexaenoic fraction was doubled, and it accounted for most of the increased quantity of liver PE seen in deficient
animals. The results suggested that in choline deficiency PE synthesis was delayed but not appreciably suppressed, and that
limited availability of methionine for methylating the PE fractions in their proper proportions affected the concentrations
of the PE fractions and impaired their normal conversion to PC.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, Houston, May 1971. 相似文献
4.
Young male rats were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks a low iron fat-free (FF-Fe) diet or a fat-free diet supplemented with iron
(FF+Fe). The relative levels of 16∶1 to 16∶0 and 18∶1 to 18∶0 in the total fatty acids of liver and other tissues (plasma,
erythrocytes and intestinal mucosa) were considerably decreased because of a lack of dietary iron. In rats fed the FF-Fe diet,
the levels of essential fatty acids (18∶2ω6+20∶4ω6) in tissues were 2-to 3-fold greater than in the corresponding tissues
of rats fed the FF+Fe diet. Eicosatrienoic acid (20∶3ω9) levels in tissue lipids from rats fed the FF+Fe diet were high (8–16%),
whereas they were low (2–5%) in the case of animals fed the FF-Fe diet. The proportion of 20∶4 in total fatty acids of tissues
was 2-to 3-fold greater in rats fed the FF-Fe diet than when they were fed the FF+Fe diet. Therefore, the relative levels
of 20∶3ω9/20∶4ω6 varied from 1-2.9 in tissue lipids of rats fed the FF+Fe diet, while it varied only from 0.2–0.3 in animals
fed the FF-Fe diet. These results suggest that a lack of dietary iron may reduce the synthesis of 16∶1, 18∶1, 20∶3 and 20∶4
and the metabolism of 20∶4. 相似文献
5.
Phenols are one of the major groups of nonessential dietary components appearing in vegetable foods. They are a wide chemical compounds group that are considered as secondary plant metabolites, with different activity and chemical structure, including more than 8,000 different compounds. Phenols, has traditionally been considered as antinutritive compounds due to the adverse effect of one of their main components, tannins, on protein digestibility. However, actually there is an increased interest in these compounds because they have been associated with the inhibition of atherosclerosis and cancer. The bioactivity of phenolics may be related to their antioxidant behaviour, which is attributed to their ability to chelate metals, inhibit lipoxygenase and scavenge free radicals. This review make a global view on the main phenolic compound groups, their organoleptic effects in vegetable foods, their physiological effects in humans, their metabolism, bioavailability as well as their content in the diet. 相似文献
6.
7.
Malakiba Sen Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2000,102(12):727-733
The effect of removing anti‐nutritional factors from n‐hexane‐extracted mustard meal using 80% isopropanol (to reduce thioglucosides, phenolics, etc.) on growth, food efficiency ratio, serum and liver lipid profiles and protein content of young rats was examined. For this n‐hexane‐extracted mustard meal was extracted with 80% isopropanol giving a fraction with 68% protein and low residual thioglucoside (0.5%) as well as phenolic (0.3%) content. This isopropanol‐extracted mustard seed protein fraction reduced the growth of young rats slightly when compared with casein. The food efficiency ratio between rats fed isopropanol‐extracted mustard seed protein or casein did not differ, nor did the protein composition affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, VLDL‐cholesterol and LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio. However, rats fed isopropanol‐extracted mustard seed protein showed a significantly lower (p<0.05) liver cholesterol concentration than rats fed casein. Liver triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations did not differ between rats fed the two proteins, nor was serum protein affected. This study indicates that extraction of hexane‐extracted mustard meal with 80% isopropanol reduced a number of anti‐nutritional factors like thioglucoside and phenolics. Furthermore the nutritional quality of mustard seed protein fraction is comparable to casein in respect to growth, food efficiency ratio, serum lipid and protein concentrations and organ weights. 相似文献
8.
Diarrhea increases the effects of malnutrition. Accordingly, the effect of diarrhea on two types of malnutrition (protein deficiency and protein-calorie deficiency) was studied. The experiment included 42 young Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were distributed into three groups with 14 rats per group. During the first 16 of the experiment, the first group was fed a control diet ad libitum, the second received the same diet but with food intake reduced in 50% whereas the third group was offered a protein deficient diet. Thus, at the end of this period there were well-fed rats (control), as well as protein and protein-calorie malnourished rats. Then one half of the rats in each group were given lactose to produce diarrhea and all rats continued with their previously assigned diet and feeding regime during one more week. Therefore, during this period there were control rats, protein deficient rats and protein-calorie deficient rats with and without diarrhea. The results showed that diarrhea caused a substantial reduction in food intake and growth in the well-fed rats and also in the group fed the protein deficient diet. However, the protein-calorie deficient group did not reduce its intake nor its growth rate. As a result, diarrhea caused malnutrition in the control group and increased malnutrition in the protein deficient but it did not have an additional effect in the protein-calorie deficient rats. The apparent absorption of lipids and nitrogen measured in these rats showed that the absorption reduction caused by diarrhea was more pronounced in the protein deficient group. This group also had the lowest activities of intestinal disaccharidases. These results showed that diarrhea had a more detrimental effect in protein deficient than in protein-calorie deficient rats. 相似文献
9.
Three series of experiments demonstrated that sesame seed and its lignans cause significant elevation of α-tocopherol content
in rats. In Experiment 1, 20% sesame seed (with a negligible amount of α-tocopherol) supplementing 10 (low), 50 (normal),
or 250 (high) mg/kg α-tocopherol diets (protein and fat concentrations in diets were adjusted to 200 and 110 g/kg, respectively)
all caused a significant increase of α-tocopherol in the blood and tissue of rats. In Experiment 2, groups of rats were fed
five different diets: a vitamin E-free control diet, a low α-tocopherol diet, and three low α-tocopherol diets supplemented
with 5, 10, and 15% sesame seed. Changes in lipid peroxides in liver, red blood cell hemolysis, and pyruvate kinase activity,
as indices of vitamin E deficiency, were examined. These indices were high in the low α-tocopherol diet, whereas supplementation
with even 5% sesame seed suppressed these indices completely and caused a significant increase of α-tocopherol content in
the plasma and liver. In Experiment 3 two diets containing sesame lignan (sesaminol or sesamin) and low α-tocopherol were
tested. Results in both of the sesame lignan-fed groups were comparable to those observed in the sesame seed-fed groups as
shown in Experiment 2. These experiments indicate that sesame seed lignans enhance vitamin E activity in rats fed a low α-tocopherol
diet and cause a marked increase in α-tocopherol concentration in the blood and tissue of rats fed an α-tocopherol-containing
diet with sesame seed or its lignans. 相似文献
10.
Two matching groups of weanling male albino rats were fed a purified diet containing 5% dihydroxystearic acid. All animals
survived until they were killed; the first group was sacrificed at age 150 days and the second at 305 days. Fecal fat analyses
showed that at least 80% of the ingested dihydroxystearic acid was not exereted. Growth was depressed during the first four
weeks; this was followed by a period of rapid weight inerease. The weight of the epididymal fat pads indicated depression
of neutral fat deposition. Livers and adrenals were relatively heavy in the group killed earlier and essentially normal in
those killed later. This and the eventual weight increase showed that the rats adapted themselves to the intake of the material.
Gas liquid chromatography carried out on the methyl ethers of the epididymal fat did not reveal the presence of dihydroxystearic
acid. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of serum, kidney, liver and epididymal fat was determined on the methyl esters
of the lipid extracts.
Aided by Grant 1654 (C4) from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service.
Presented at the AOCS meeting, Toronto, Canada, 1962 相似文献
11.
B. Favre 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1979,56(3):146-150
Spun vegetable proteins have been widely discussed in recent years, mainly for two reasons. First, they are often associated
with the idea of an analog, which in our view is outdated. It is indeed illusory to want to imitate a product such as meat,
which is a highly complex material and one for which the consumer has a considerable emotional attachment. Second, the actual
technique of spinning is often disparaged on the supposition that its cost is prohibitive, which our experience leads us to
dispute, and for the reason that its effects are antinutritional, which we will examine further in detail. “Food should nourish
while pleasing the taste,” said Tremolieres (1). This definition of food as needing to nourish and to please will serve as
a basis for this paper. A new food must, in fact, first and foremost contain no toxic or antinutritional substances. Moreover,
a food can only be considered as such in the context, and as a function of its capacity to satisfy a given nutritional need.
Last, and above all, it can only be considered as a food if it is judged to be good, and acceptably priced. So we see that
it would be unreasonable to separate the concept of nutrition from that of acceptability. The two notions are inextricably
linked when it is a matter of creating a new food, which is what we are proposing to do. 相似文献
12.
The sciatic nerve of rats fed sunflower oil (6 mg 18∶3n−3/100 g of diet) presented dramatic alterations in the long chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids in comparison with those fed soy oil (130 mg 18∶3n−3/100 g of diet). In both 15-day-old and 60-day-old
animals fed sunflower oil, 22∶6n−3 (cervonic acid) was fourfold less, 22∶5n−6 was 10-fold greater; adrenic acid (22∶4n−6)
was slightly greater and arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6) was close to that in rats fed soy oil. The percentage distribution of
total polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as the individual saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were the same in both
groups.
When the sunflower oil-fed animals were switched to a soy oil-containing diet for either 15 or 60 days, the percentage distribution
of 22∶6n−3 increased slowly to reach the control value 2.5 months later. Conversely 22∶5n−6 decreased slowly. The decay of
22∶5n−6 was more rapid than the increase of 22∶6n−3. 相似文献
13.
14.
C Morón S Kremenchuzky M I Passamai S D'Andrea de Rivero G Pérez de Galíndez C Gerschcovich 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》1985,35(2):276-286
Iron absorption using the extrinsic double-tag method was determined in the habitual diet consumed by a group of 32 volunteers of both sexes, pertaining to the low socioeconomic strata. The diet was made up of bread, spaghetti, vegetables and meat, totalling 2,022 kcal, 65.0 g protein, 17.57 mg iron, and 28.75 mg ascorbic acid. According to our findings, men were found to be neither anemic nor iron-deficient. Among the women, however, 4.8% had anemia and 57.1% suffered from iron deficiency. The non-heme iron absorption was very low: 1.35% at breakfast, 3.29% at lunch, and 3.82% at dinner. Among those subjects found to be normal, the absorption was half the above figures, whereas among those with iron deficiency it was threefold, the differences being highly significant. The absorption of heme-iron for lunch and dinner was 17.53%. The iron deficient group had an absorption value four times greater than the normal group, the differences also being highly significant. The daily availability of non-heme, heme and total iron was 0.44, 1.13 and 1.57 mg, respectively. In the subjects who formed the normal group, total iron available was 1.14 mg, barely covering a man's daily requirements, but not those of a woman. In the iron-deficient group, it was 4.31 mg, that is, four times greater than in the normal group; while this value improves the balance, it does not prevent deficiency in women, with great blood losses. Bearing these results in mind, it is suggested that measures tending to improve dietary iron content and bio-availability, be enforced. 相似文献
15.
The influence of low dietary doses (0.1 and 0.8% w/w) of a commercial fish oil preparation on peroxisomes in normal mice was
studied and compared to the known strong inductive effects of high (10%) fish oil diets. Low fish oil doses were chosen to
supply the mice with a concentration of docosahexaenoic acid, which was beneficial to patients with a peroxisomal disease.
Peroxisomes were evaluated by cytochemical, morphometric, and enzymological techniques. The 0.1% fish oil diet had no effect
on peroxisomes in liver, heart, and kidney even after prolonged treatment. The 0.8% diet did not change the peroxisomal number
nor the catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity in the liver. Hepatic peroxisomal β-oxidation, however, was increased by 50% after
14 d. This was accompanied by reduced peroxisomal size. The 0.8% diet also caused a small increase (+25%) in myocardial catalase
activity. No effect was observed in kidneys. Our results indicate that in mice a low (<0.8%) dietary fish oil dose has no
or only a slight effect on hepatic peroxisomal β-oxidation. This may be of particular interest to patients with a peroxisomal
fatty acid β-oxidation defect and who display a severe deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid—diets supplemented with low fish
oil doses will improve the docosahexaenoic acid level without adding a strong load to the disturbed fatty acid metabolism. 相似文献
16.
Nutritional aspects of soy protein products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Irvin E. Leiner 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1977,54(6):a454-a472
This paper is concerned with the nutritional properties of the soybean and of various food products derived from it. Although
primary consideration is given to the protein, cognizance is made of other nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Much of
our knowledge concerning the nutritional properties of the soybean has been derived from experiments with animals, and such
knowledge is frequently directly applicable to human nutrition. Nutritional experiments with human subjects pose special problems,
the most difficult of which is acceptability. People will not eat a certain food simply “because it is good for them.” Thus,
the most serious hurdle to be overcome in the development of products containing soybean proteins is frequently not a nutritional
one but one of consumer acceptance. 相似文献
17.
The source of free fatty acids (FFA) and the pathways contributing to the accumulation of neutral fats in livers of rats fed
a cholesterol-enriched diet were investigated in this report. Supplementation with 1% cholesterol in the diet for four weeks
resulted in hepatomegaly in the rats. The contents of cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TG) per gram liver measured in rats
fasted overnight increased by 48 mg (∼tenfold) and 66 mg (∼fourfold), respectively. The activities of glycerophosphate acyltransferase
and diacylglycerol acyltransferase, the two key enzymes for TG synthesis in liver microsomes, were found to increase by 23
and 19%, respectively, in the cholesterol-fed rats. The secretion of plasma TG present predominantly in very low density lipoprotein
was found to decrease by ∼30%. The incorporation of tritium from tritiated water in liver FFA increased by twofold in rats
fed the cholesterol-supplemented diet, whereas the activity of CPT I in liver mitochondria decreased by 23%. The uptake of
plasma FFAin vivo in livers of fasted rats maintained on the cholesterol-supplemented diet decreased by 60%. Our data thus indicate that the
excess TG accumulated in livers of rats fed the cholesterol-enriched diet resulted from increased synthesis and decreased
secretion of TG. To meet the demand of fatty acids for this purpose,de novo lipogenesis increased, whereas β-oxidation decreased. Although difference in the uptake of extrahepatic FFA may be discounted,
a difference in the uptake of chylomicron remnants between the control and cholesterol-fed rats may not be ruled out. 相似文献
18.
介绍了烧碱生产中低浓度氯气产生的途径、分类和利用方法,实例阐述了低浓度氯气直接利用的方法,提出了结合企业实际调整产品结构,带来经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的统一。 相似文献
19.
20.
Horacio A. Garda Ana M. Bernasconi M. Alejandra Tricerri Rodolfo R. Brenner 《Lipids》1997,32(5):507-513
The influence of a fat-free diet on the molecular species composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) of rat liver microsomes was studied by using reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography.
In the three phosphoglyceride classes analyzed, the fat-free diet produced a large decrease in the 18:0/20:4n−6 species but
less important changes were found in the 16:0/20:4n−6 species. In PC, the most abundant phosphoglyceride class of rat liver
microsomes, the fall in the 18:0/20:4n−6 species was counterbalanced mainly by an enhancement in the 16:0/18:1n−9 species
although it was not evident in PE. In PI, the decrease in the 18:0/20:4n−6 species was counterbalanced by an increase in the
18:0/20:3n−9 species. Fluorescence polarization measurements of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in liposomes of 16:0/18:1n−9-,
18:0/18:1n−9-, 16:0/20:4n−6-, and 18:0/20:4n−6-PC indicated that the change in the saturated fatty acid in the sn-1 position accompanying the replacement of 20:4n−6 by 18:1n−9 could be very important for a homeoviscous compensation, maintaining
the membrane physical properties without large alterations in spite of the essential fatty acid deficiency due to the fat-free
diet. 相似文献