吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行了吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验表明,10 d后5%氟虫腈SC 750 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱·氟虫腈EC 900 mL/hm2和25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱和灰飞虱的防效均超过80%,对白背飞虱的防效超过75%,而10%吡虫啉WP 600 g/hm2对飞虱的防效小于50%;示范试验表明,10 d后3种药剂对稻飞虱的防效依次分别为82.6%、85.2%和76.9%,15 d后对麦田灰飞虱的防效分别为83.9%、79.9%和82.4%,明显好于吡虫啉.因此,氟虫腈、毒死蜱·氟虫腈和吡蚜酮可以作为吡虫啉的替代药剂,并就3种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

氟腈·三唑磷等3种药剂对水稻叶基部不同生态位害虫兼顾作用及其主要天敌的影响

在稻纵卷叶螟2、3龄幼虫高峰期和稻飞虱低龄若虫高峰期喷施氟腈·三唑磷1 200 mL/hm2、毒死蜱l 500 mL/hm2和氟虫腈750 mL/hm2进行兼顾性防效试验,药后5 d,对稻纵卷叶螟的防效分别为66.50%、54.81%、70.79%,保叶效果分别为61.91%、65.38%、49.52%;这3种药剂对褐飞虱、白背飞虱、灰飞虱均有一定的防效,毒死蜱兼顾性最强,药后30d对褐飞虱、白背飞虱、灰飞虱防效分别为87.75%、34.32%、76.03%,同时对黑肩绿肓蝽和蜘蛛的杀伤率也较高,分别达86.58%和68.99%.     

5种复配药剂防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效试验

5种复配药剂防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟的田间试验结果表明:17%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 204～328.5 g a.i./hm2处理保叶和杀虫效果最高,其次为21%氟虫腈·毒死蜱ME 267.75～315 g a.i./hm:和31.5%丙溴磷·氟虫腈EC189～236.25 g a.i./hm2处理,再次为55%氟虫腈·杀虫安WG 495～577.5 g a.i./hm2和3.6%阿维菌素·氟虫腈ME18.9 g a.i./hm2处理.5种复配药剂按以上推荐用量的保叶和杀虫效果均优于或相当于对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素EC 8.1 g a.i./hm2和5%氟虫腈SC 30 g a.i./hm2处理.     

若干药剂对稻纵卷叶螟防效的比较研究

小区试验表明,药后7d和15d,1.8%阿维菌素EC1500mL/hm2、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC1500mL/hm2、5%氟虫腈SC750mL/hm2、48%氟腈.毒死蜱EC900mL/hm2和25%氟腈.异丙威WP750g/hm2的保叶和杀虫效果均超过85%,好于其它供试药剂。     

五种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的田间防效评价

甜菜夜蛾是危害蔬菜的重要害虫。用10%溴虫腈SC 750mL/hm2、3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG 125g/hm2、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 150mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 900mL/hm2、18g/L阿维菌素450 mL/hm2防治甜菜夜蛾,结果表明,10%溴虫腈SC速效性和持效性均最好,药后1d和7d的防效分别高达96.76%和97.93%;18g/L阿维菌素EC速效性较差,持效性较好,药后1d、7d防效分别为27.18%和87.02%。其余3种药剂均具有较好的速效性和持效性,药后1d防效均在60%以上,药后7d防效均在85%以上。     

氟氧虫酰胺对水稻害虫的杀虫活性及田间防效

[目的]评估氟氧虫酰胺对水稻害虫的杀虫活性和田间药效。[方法]采用浸渍法,测定氟氧虫酰胺对二化螟、水稻大螟和稻纵卷叶螟的活性,并进行了田间药效试验。[结果]氟氧虫酰胺对二化螟、水稻大螟和稻纵卷叶螟取食抑制中浓度分别为0.506、0.195、0.221 mg/L,与氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和阿维菌素杀虫活性相当。2011、2012年田间试验结果表明,在30~60 g a.i./hm2时,20%氟氧虫酰胺悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟防效分别为92.58%~90.10%和95.89%~96.09%,与氯虫苯甲酰胺防效相当,高于阿维菌素和毒死蜱的防效;20%氟氧虫酰胺悬浮剂对二化螟防效分别为74.49%~84.41%、91.46%~92.88%和90.37%~92.22%,与氯虫苯甲酰胺防效相当,高于阿维菌素和毒死蜱的防效。[结论]氟氧虫酰胺可以用来防治水稻害虫。     

水稻稻纵卷叶螟防治药剂增效配方筛选与应用

研究甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与茚虫威、毒死蜱混配对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的生物活性及田间防效。采用浸叶法,测定了混配杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫的毒力,并根据共毒系数评价其增效作用。采用田间茎叶喷雾法,在稻纵卷叶螟1~2龄幼虫发生高峰期开展混配杀虫剂田间药效试验。结果表明:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与茚虫威、毒死蜱分别以质量比1︰4、1︰20混配,对稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫具有显著的增效作用,共毒系数(CTC)分别为160.83、221.59。10%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·茚虫威悬浮剂22.5,30 g/hm2和30%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐·毒死蜱微乳剂180,270g/hm2处理药后15 d的保叶效果为87.15%~90.81%,杀虫效果为94.98%~96.26%。     

20%氟虫双酰胺WG防治稻纵卷叶螟试验

试验结果表明,20%氟虫双酰胺WG150g/hm2防治稻纵卷叶螟,药后10d平均保叶效果达96.86%,防治效果达96.54%,与20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC150mL/hm2处理相近,显著高于常规对照药剂阿维菌素、丙溴磷、毒死蜱的保叶和防治效果,稻谷增产率达8.94%。     

33%阿维·抑食肼WP等防治稻纵卷叶螟试验

为了明确33%阿维.抑食肼WP等药剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防效,进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,药后10～15 d,33%阿维.抑食肼WP 750～900 g/hm2(制剂用量)对稻纵卷叶螟的防效为91.5%～96.8%,保叶效果为93.1%～96.9%。同等有效成分用量下,1.8%阿维菌素EC的防效高于3%阿维菌素WP 2～5百分点。     

两种氟虫双酰胺复配制剂对水稻稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果

对两种氟虫双酰胺复配制剂防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟进行了试验,并考查了其对稻飞虱发生的影响。田间试验结果表明,48%氟虫双酰胺.噻虫啉SC 30、60、120 g/hm2处理防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果为94.28%～98.46%,杀虫效果为96.90%～100%;10%氟虫双酰胺.阿维菌素SC 22.5、45 g/hm2处理的保叶效果为89.39%～96.63%,杀虫效果为91.73%～94.62%。两种药剂使用后,稻飞虱发生量较空白对照降低20.08%～46.91%。两种氟虫双酰胺复配制剂对稻纵卷叶螟具有良好的防治效果,对后期稻飞虱的发生有一定的抑制效果。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.