Synthesis and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline Li[Li1／3Ti5／3O4] by complex sol-gel method

1　INTRODUCTIONSpinelLi[Li1/3Ti5/3O4 ]isaveryattractiveelec trodematerialforitsexcellentcyclelifeandpromisingchargingrateinrechargeableenergystoragecells .Duringelectrochemicalreactionsconsistingofelectronandlithiumioninsertionintoorextractionfromit,itslatticeconstantchangesveryslightly ,soitiscon sidereda“zero strain”insertioncompound[13] .Thismaterialwassuccessfullyusedasanodecoupledwithhighpotentialcathodematerials (LiMn2 O4 ,LiCoO2oractivecarbonfiber)toprovideacellorhybridsu perc…     

High temperature corrosion of silicon nitride composite ceramics in sulfur-oxygen environments

1　INTRODUCTIONSi3N4 compositeceramicswouldbetakenasacandidatematerialsforhightemperatureresistantpartsinmineralfuelconvertingsystems ,suchascoal gasification ,coal fired powergenerationandindustri alwasteincineration ,becauseofitsexcellentoxida tionresistanceandhightemperaturestrength[1] .Inthesesystems ,thecombustiongasmixtureofsulfurandoxygenisthemaincorrosivemedium .Uptonow ,thestudyonhigh temperaturecor rosionofSi3N4 matrixceramicswasmainlyconcen tratedonitsoxidationbehavior[2 8] .T…     

Sintering densification and properties of Al2O3／PSZ （3Y） ceramic composites

1　INTRODUCTIONAl2 O3ceramicsisoneofthewide spreadingma terialsbecauseitholdsgoodfeaturessuchasresistancetohightemperature ,oxidation ,corrosionandabra sion .However ,thebrittlenatureofAl2 O3ceramicshaspromptedustoexploreavarietyofapproachestoenhanceitsfracturetoughness .SinceGarvieetal[1]advancedatheoryin 1975 ,thatistoimprovethefracturetoughnessandflexuralstrengthofZrO2 ce ramicswithmartensitictransformation ,ZrO2 hasbeenreceivingconsiderableattention .AddingMgO ,CaO ,Y2 O3andCeO2…     

Measurement of surface crystallinity of PAA and PAANa coatings and its effect on hydrophilicity of coatings

1　INTRODUCTIONAsanimportantwater solublemacromoleculecompound,poly (acrylicacid) (PAA)anditssaltshavebeenwidelyused[1] .Utilizingitsfinefilm form ingcapacityandhydrophilicity ,Okoroaforetal[2 ] ,andPanetal[3] developedanewhydrophilicpaintforaluminiumfin[2 ,3] .Hydrophilic paintforheat ex changerofairconditioningdemandslittlesurfacecon tactangle ,sothatcontinuoushomogeneouswaterfilmcanformeasily ,andcandrainoffcondensedwa teronthesurfaceoffintimely[4 6 ] .Hydrophilicityofcoatingsisaffec…     

Si3N4／CrN nanostructured muitilayers grown by RF reactive magnetron sputtering

The amorphous/polycrystalline Si3N4/CrN nancrstructured multilayer films have been prepared by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering. The composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of these films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and nano-indentation. The CrN and Si3N4 single layer films are polycrystalline face centered-cubic and amorphous structures, respectively. The CrN and Si3N4 layers are nearly stoichiometric. The HRTEM image indicates that the interfaces are planar and modulation structure is clear in multilayers. The hardness values of Si3N4/CrN multilayers are between those of the constituent CrN and Si3N4 films at a substrate temperature of 20℃, and are somewhat higher than those of Si3N4 films at a deposition temperature of 500℃. There is no superhardness effect in the Si3N4/CrN multilayers. Based on the experimental results, the hardening mechanisms in the multilayers have been discussed.     

Chemical Structure of Carbon Nitride Films Prepared by MW-ECR Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtering

SYNTHESIZE amorphous carbon nitride(hereafterreferred to as a-CNx)films was attempted even beforethe theoretical work by Liu and Cohen[1,2]whopredicted the possible existence of P-C3N4with bulkmodulus comparable to or even greater than that ofdiamond.Cuomo et al.were probably the first todeposit CNX films using radio frequency(RF)sputtering of carbon targets in nitrogen ambient[3].Han and Feldman obtained40percent nitrogen contentusing RF plasma in a mixture of methane and nitrogen[4]…     

Development of cube texture in multistage annealing of high purity aluminum foils

1　INTRODUCTIONThecubetextureisimportanttohighpurityalu minumfoilsforhighvoltagecapacitorsbecauseitcanenlargeeffectivesurfaceofaluminumfoilsandin creasecapacitancethroughchanneletching .Inordertoincreasethevolumefractionofthecubecompo nent ,a greatdealofresearchesontheformationmechanismofcubetexturehavebeendone ,andmanymethodswere proposed ,suchasimpuritycontrol ling[1,2 ] ,directionalsolidification[3] ,preheating[4 ] ,inhomogeneousrolling[5] ,vacuumannealing[6 ] andsoon .Inthispaperamulti…     

Influence of heat treatments on phase composite and mechanical properties of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONNiTi basedshapememoryalloysarethemostimportantcommercialshapememorymaterials .InNi richNiTialloys ,some precipitatessuchasNi14 Ti11,Ni3Ti2 andNi3Ticanbeobservedduringaging[1,2 ] ,whichcanimprovethesuperelasticityofalloys[3] .Inmanycasesthealloyingorthermomechanicaltreatmentsareusedinordertochangethetempera turerangeofSMEmanifestation .TernaryadditionofniobiumtoNiTiwasreportedtosignificantlywidenthethermalhysteresisofthemartensitetransforma tion[4 ] .Asantypicalexample…     

Effect of weld microstructure on weld properties in A-TIG welding of titanium alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONTheactivatingTIGwelding (A TIG)wasfirstlydevelopedbyPatonWeldingInstitute ,Ukraine ,inthe 196 0s[1,2 ] .Itisnotuntiltheendof 1990sthatA TIGweldinghasbeenwidelyresearchedinEuropeandUS ,forexample ,TWIandEWI[3] .Thefluxes ,whichweredevelopedbyEWI ,havebeenappliedintheUSNavyshipbuildingindustry[4 ] .Theprincipleofthistechniqueisthatathincoatingofactivatingfluxiscoatedonthesurfaceofthebasemetalbeforeweld ing .ComparedwiththeconventionalTIGwelding ,the penetrationca…     

Modeling of Fracture Toughness of Electroless Nickel (EN) Coatings

INDENTATION TEST is one of the methods forestimate fracture toughness of brittle coatings.According to this method,fracture toughness,KC[MPa.m],can be determined by the followingrelation[l,2]:(1)where P is the applied load[N],a the half diagonal ofthe indent[mm]and U the generated crack length alongeach tip of indenter[p.m].If the other cracks appeararound the indent,so U is definded an equivalent cracklength by dividing by4the total crack length,!,[!]:(2)where has a linear relation to…     

Si3N4(p)/SiC(w)协同复合MoSi2材料的强韧化及机理研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、维氏硬度计、电子万能材料试验机研究MoSi_2-Si_3N_(4(p))/SiC_(w)复合材料的结构、形貌、硬度、断裂韧性,并对SiC晶须和Si_3N_4颗粒复合强韧化MoSi_2的机理进行了探讨.结果表明,SiC晶须和Si_3N_4颗粒对MoSi_2具有协同强韧化作用,MoSi_2-20%Si_3N_(4(p))-20%SiC_(w)(体积分数,下同)复合材料的抗弯强度达427 MPa,室温断裂韧性达到10.4 MPa·m~(1/2),均高于单一强韧化剂的强韧化效果.MoSi_2-20%Si_3N_(4(p))-20%SiC_(w)复合材料的强化机理为细晶强化和弥散强化;韧化机制为细晶韧化、裂纹偏转与分支和微桥接韧化.     

Densification, microstructure, and fracture behavior of TiC/Si3N4 composites by spark plasma sintering

TiC/Si3N4 composites were prepared using the β-Si3N4 powder synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and 35 wt.% TiC by spark plasma sintering. Y2O3 and A12O3 were added as sintering additives. The almost full sintered density and the highest fracture toughness (8.48 MPa·m1/2) values of Si3N4-based ceramics could be achieved at 1550℃. No interfacial interactions were noticeable between TiC and Si3N4. The toughening mechanisms in TiC/Si3N4 composites were attributed to crack deflection, microcrack toughening, and crack impedance by the periodic compressive stress in the Si3N4 matrix. However, increasing microcracks easily led to excessive connection of microcracks, which would not be beneficial to the strength.     

Si_3N_4复合陶瓷材料的微观组织和断裂机制

使用AEM和HREM研究了添加纳米SiC颗粒和同时添加纳米SiC颗粒及SiC晶须的两种Si3N4 复合陶瓷材料的微观组织和断裂机制。结果表明 ,部分SiC颗粒分布在Si3N4 晶内 ,SiC晶须分布在Si3N4 晶粒之间 ,SiC颗粒和晶须与Si3N4 界面之间不存在第二相组织 ,非晶组织大多分布在Si3N4 三叉晶界。断裂裂纹主要沿晶界和相界面扩展 ,也可能穿过少数Si3N4 晶粒。当裂纹扩展遇到SiC颗粒和 /或SiC晶须时 ,会发生转弯 ,产生分枝裂纹或微裂纹并在Si3N4 晶内和Si3N4 晶粒的断裂表面引起晶格畸变 ,这降低了裂纹扩展能量 ,从而改善复合陶瓷材料的断裂强度和断裂韧性     

催化剂对B4C-SiC-Si复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用间苯二酚甲醛水基凝胶体系,通过凝胶注模成形法制备B4C/C坯体,结合反应渗Si烧结工艺制备B4C-SiC-Si复合材料。重点考察Na2CO3、NaOH、KOH、Na2SiO3和NaHCO3 5种不同碱性催化剂对B4C-SiC-Si复合材料组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:催化剂主要影响复合材料的组织均匀性及游离Si的尺寸。分别添加5种不同催化剂时复合材料均由BxC、B12(B,C,Si)3、SiC和Si组成。以NaOH、KOH或NaHCO3为催化剂时,复合材料中游离Si的分布较均匀、尺寸较小;以NaOH作为催化剂时,B4C-SiC-Si复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,其硬度、抗折强度和断裂韧性分别达到16.9 GPa、296 MPa和4.15 MPa·m1/2。     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of ternary phase ZrB2-SiC-AlN nanocomposite

The ZrB₂-SiC nano composite was produced in a pressureless sintering method. The micro AlN powder was used as an additive. In order to investigate the effect of the simultaneous presence of nano and micro particles of SiC, the ZrB₂ powder with various percentages of nano and micro SiC particles were mechanically milled in a planetary mill for 2 h at a speed of 200 rpm. The resulting mixture was subjected to an initial hot press at 80 °C and a pressure of 100 MPa and then cold isostatic pressing was done (CIP) and the resulting sample sintered at 2150 °C. The AlN particles were then added to ZrB₂-SiC composite and its microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results show that by changing the volume percentage of nano SiC particles from 20% to 15% and 5% for the micro particles, the porosity decreases and the density increases. Microstructural analysis and mechanical properties of the samples showed the highest hardness (15.9 GPa) and fracture toughness (4.9 MPa.m^1/2) for the sample with 15 and 5 vol% of nano and micro SiC particles respectively. Addition of 7.5 vol% of AlN particles resulted to the density of 98.1% and the hardness and toughness values increased to 17.1 GPa and 5.7 MPa.m^1/2.     

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NANO Si/C/N COMPOSITE POWDER AND NANO SiC POWDER AT HIGH FREQUENCIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＮａｎｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓａｒｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎａｓｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｗｉｔｈｇｏｏｄｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔ,ａｎｄｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ．ＴｈｅｎａｎｏＳｉ／Ｃ／ＮｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｐｏｗｄｅｒａｎｄｎａｎｏＳｉＣｐｏｗｄｅｒｈａｖｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓｉｎｃｅｔ…     

Preparation of zirconia-alumina powder by co-precipitation

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ,ｉｎｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒ,ｈｉｇｈｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｔｏｕｇｈｎｅｓｓ,ｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｈｉｇｈｈａｒｄｎｅｓｓａｎｄｗｅａｒｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ,ｚｉｒｃｏｎｉａｔｏｕｇｈ ｅｎｅｄａｌｕｍｉｎａ (ＺＴＡ)ｉｓａｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｒｅｎｇｉ ｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ.ＳｉｎｃｅＣｌａｕｓｅｎｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄＺＴＡｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｔｏｕｇｈｎ…     

原位反应热压SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的组织与性能

以Mo粉、Si粉和C粉为原料,采用原位反应热压一次复合工艺制备不同含量SiC颗粒增强的SiCp/MoSi2试样,并研究其室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性、相对密度以及显微组织。结果表明,原位反应热压一次复合工艺制备的SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的强韧性比纯MoSi2有了大幅度的提高,当SiC含量为40vol%时,SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的抗弯强度达到最大,为475.2MPa,当SiC含量为50vol%时,复合材料的断裂韧性达到最大,为5.45MPa.m1/2。原位形成的SiC使MoSi2基体晶粒得到明显细化,并减少和消除了脆性的SiO2玻璃相。SiCp/MoSi2复合材料强韧性的提高主要是由于晶粒细化、SiC颗粒弥散强化以及脆性SiO2玻璃相的减少和消除。     

燃烧合成-热压制备Al_2O_3-TiC-ZrO_2纳米复合陶瓷的力学性能与显微结构

以ＴｉＯ２,Ａｌ;Ｃ,纳米 ＺｒＯ２粒子为原料,利用燃烧合成－热压工艺制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－ＺｒＯ２纳米复合陶瓷．添加ＺｒＯ２可使 Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ断裂方式由沿晶断裂转变为穿晶断裂．ＺｒＯ２纳米粒子弥散于基体中,其周围产生的应力集中可引发位错,起到亚晶界的作甲,并可使位错钉扎、堆积,阻碍位错运动,从而使复合陶瓷的力学性能得到明显改善：抗弯强度为７０６ＭＰａ,提高幅度达１９．８％;断裂韧性为 ６．３ ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２,提高幅度１８．９％;洛氏硬度为 ９４．４．     

Preparation and mechanical properties of Fe_3Al/Al_2O_3 nano-/micro-composite

1　INTRODUCTIONAlumina(Al2 O3)ceramicsareoftenconsideredforstructuralapplications,duetotheirpropertiesofhighhardness ,chemicalandwearresistanceandgoodmechanicalpropertiesatroomandhightemperature .Thewellknownlimitationfortheseceramics ,how ever ,istheverylowtoughness .Recentstudieshaveshownsignificantimprovementsinmechanicalprop erties ,includingtoughness ,byaddingductilesecondphaseparticles ,suchasNi,Al,MoandCu[14 ] .Anincreaseof 80 % 333%inthefracturetoughnesshasbeenreportedforAl2 O3…