开放的三能级系统中无粒子数反转激光的瞬态分析

本文分析了在一个开放的简单三能级系统中的无粒子数反转激光的瞬态性质,研究了这个系统从瞬态无粒子数反转激光到定态无粒子数反转激光的演化.从原子相干和布居数分布的时间演化,我们阐明了系统产生无粒子数反转激光增益的机制.     

开放的V型三能级系统中的无粒子数反转激光

给出了在开放的Ｖ型三能级系统中的无粒子数反转激光理论。定态增益分析表明,在一定的条件下,无粒子数反转激光能够实现而不需要一个附加的泵浦场存在,而这个泵浦场在一个普通的封闭Ｖ型三能级系统中实现无粒子数反转激光是必不可少的。图示并分析了系统增益对驱动场和其他参量的依赖性。     

开放的ladder型三能级无粒子数反转激光系统

提出了具有非相干抽运的开放的ladder型无粒子数反转激光 (LWI)系统模型 ,给出了定态线性解析解 ,研究了探测场和驱动场失谐的变化对无粒子数反转激光增益、色散和粒子数差的影响。结果发现 ,开放的ladder型系统的无粒子数反转激光增益远大于相应的封闭系统 ;其增益、色散和粒子数差的变化规律与开放的Λ型及简单三能级无粒子数反转激光系统有很大不同。     

开放的Upper—Ladder无反转激光系统的线性理论

本文提出了开放的Upper-Ladder型无粒子数反转激光系统模型,给出了定态线性解析解,分析了无粒子数反转激光产生的条件,利用从解析解得到的数值计算结果研究了探测场和驱动场的失谐,原子退出速率,原子注入速率,能级间衰变速率,非相干泵浦速率及驱动场的Rabi频率的变化及系统无粒子数反转激光增益,色散以及能级间粒子数差的影响。     

无粒子数反转激光器

无粒子数反转激光器１．前吉激光作用由受激发射超过受激吸收而产生。因此在用通常的二能级系统处理时，粒子数反转是产生激光作用必不可少的因素。但当所考虑的系统是三个能级以上系统，若这些能级中有些受外场或弛豫过程的作用耦合，在系统中产生相干性或量子干涉效应，...     

无粒子数反转光增益的新模型

粒子数反转作为产生激光的条件被看作是激发的一般原理而广为接受,然而,近年来在无粒子数反转的条件下产生光放大甚至激光这一新的光学课题引起了相当大的关注,已有几个理论模型得以发展。除了Holt提出的对多普勒加宽体系由光子反冲作用获得无粒子数反转增益的模型外,更多的研究集中在均匀加宽体系,利用原子能级之间的量子干涉性获得无反转增益。 本文提出了在多普勒加宽体系中无粒子数反转光放大的新模型。这里考虑的系统是:目标分子以较大速度V_f从一小孔流进一个装有惰性气体的容器,假设目标分子被激发到第     

开放的三能级系统中无粒子数反转激光的非线性理论

本文给出了开放的简单三能级原子系统无粒子数反转激光的非线性理论 ,研究了探测场和驱动场的 Rabi频率、原子注入速率、原子退出速率及能级间衰变速率对系统无粒子数反转激光增益、布居数差以及相干项的影响 ,讨论了无粒子数反转激光增益的稳定性     

开放的四能级双驱动场无反转激光系统研究

提出了开放的四能级双驱动场无反转激光系统的理论模型,由电偶极和旋转波近似得到其密度矩阵方程,在共振条件下,讨论无反转激光产生的物理机制,求得定态共振线性解析解,利用数值计算结果分析了能级间的自发衰减速率、非相干泵浦速率、粒子注入速率和粒子退出速率对系统无反转激光增益和粒子数差的影响,讨论了线性和非线性增益和粒子数差的差别.结果表明:适当的自发衰减速率、调节非相干泵浦速率、粒子注入速率和粒子退出速率可获得无粒子数反转激光;线性和非线性的增益和粒子数差随驱动场Rabi频率的变化趋势一样,增益的线性稳定值大于非线性稳定值.     

Doppler展宽的四能级系统无反转激光的传播效应

在考虑Doppler效应下,通过理论分析和数值模拟研究了传播效应对开放四能级系统中的无反转激光特性的影响.研究发现:探测场和驱动场同向传输对系统获得无反转激光更为有利,要想提高探测激光的增益不仅要选取合适的入口处驱动场Rabi频率值,而且选取适当的驱动场和探测场初始失谐值对于提高激光增益也极为关键;随传播距离的增大,探测场上下能级粒子数一直满足无反转,而探测场上能级和驱动场上能级间的粒子数随传播距离的增大发生了Raman反转.     

失谐对开放的Λ型系统无粒子数反转激光增益的影响

本文使用开放型三能级无粒子数反转激光模型,从原子密度算符运动方程出发,讨论了定态情况下驱动场和探测场失谐对激光增益和折射率的影响.理论分析表明:若驱动场Rabi频率较小,只有探测场共振时才能得到最大的增益;调整探测场的失谐可以获得无吸收高折射率;驱动场Rabi频率较大而达到某一阈值后,调整探测场的失谐将出现特别增益区.驱动场失谐的变化对折射率产生的影响比对增益更为显著.以上结论与封闭型三能级无粒子数反转激光系统中的结论有很大的不同,尤其后者不存在特别增益区.     

Descriptive theory of spiking pulses in optically pumped lasers

This paper describes a model and provides the mathematical formulation for describing the spike pulsing phenomenon observed in optically pumped three-level lasers. The model is based on the pumping of electrons from a ground state to an excited pump band from which they relax very rapidly to the excited laser level. With population inversion then achieved, laser action starts and repetitive pulses with decreasing amplitude are generated; the pulses then damp out and the laser output reaches a steady state as long as sufficient pump radiation energy is available. The equations describing the system in terms of the population inversion and photon density are nonlinear. However, approximations are made which permit the required relations between the transition rates to be established for such action to progress. The time variation of the population inversion and the photon density at the laser frequency are obtained for both the pumping time interval and the stimulated emission laser region.     

高斯型耦合Tavis-Cummings模型中原子的量子特性

研究了原子与光场的耦合系数呈高斯型调制的双原子Tavis-Cummings模型中原子的量子特性.通过数值计算,分析了原子垂直于腔轴的运动以及系统初态对双原子能级布居数反转和双原子偶极压缩的影响.结果表明,原子垂直于腔轴的运动影响双原子能级布居数反转的崩塌和回复,但不改变双原子偶极压缩的最大压缩量,只改变最大压缩次数.光场初态为真空态,而两原子初始处在特定的非最大纠缠态时,双原子偶极压缩最大.     

开放的梯型系统中相位涨落的影响

给出了有驱动场位相涨落的开放的梯型无粒子数反转激光（LWI）系统增益、色散和布居数差的定态解析解，进而用得到的数值计算结果分析了驱动场位相涨落对增益、色散和布居数差的影响。研究结果表明，驱动场位相涨落将导致有限线宽；随着线宽的增加，系统增益单调地减小，但系统色散的变化并不是单调的，当线宽取某个值时，色散有极大值；线宽的变化不能导致无反转激光向反转激光的转变。     

Optically pumped intersubband lasers based on quantum wells

A far infrared (FIR) laser based on intersubband transitions in quantum wells is proposed where a pumping laser is used to create population inversion in the structure. The goal is to develop a structure which operates essentially as a 4-level laser, to minimize bottlenecking of the lower laser state. Multiple quantum wells can be used in the active laser of these structures to enhance the laser gain and the minimum required reflectivity in the cavity structure. The possibility of using both conduction and valence band quantum-well structures are investigated. Our study shows that, due to high intersubband scattering rates in the valence band structure, the creation of population inversion is more difficult and requires a high pumping power density while in the conduction band structure, population inversion can be achieved by a moderate pumping power density. The maximum population inversion in the conduction band structure is estimated to be 2.1×10¹¹ cm², which requires a pumping power density 2 kW cm^-2 for a single quantum well. The threshold power as well as the minimum required reflectivity of the cavity structure for the conduction band scheme are estimated for different well numbers     

场的相干和能级的近简并对共振两能级系统占据几率的影响

讨论了共振三色及多色场的相干作用,它可能导致比单、双色场更大的占据几率翻转。应用密度矩阵计算了上能级分裂为两个近简并能级时各种参数值的稳态解,发现在适当条件下激发态对基态占据几率翻转。     

Resonance-radiation-trapping effects in a pulsed-ion laser

In an ionised argon laser, the population inversion largely depends on the shorter lifetime of the 4s2P levels. At extremely high density of Ar+ ground state, the lifetime of the 4s2P levels can be longer. This can destroy the population inversion and produces extremely large absorption of laser lines. This phenomenon has been investigated in a small-bore tube.     

双势阱中原子质心运动对自发辐射的抑制

研究了一个囚禁于对称双势阱中的二能级原子与单模腔场的相互作用.通过求解薛定谔方程,给出了整个系统波函数解析解和原子能级粒子数反转的解析表达式.分析了当腔场初始态分别为粒子数态、相干态以及热态时原子粒子数反转随时间的演化情况,并考虑了原子质心运动对粒子数反转的影响.结果表明通过选择合适的腔场初始态、势阱位置及相关因素,可以有效地控制原子的自发辐射率.     

Multiple antenna MMSE based downlink precoding with quantized feedback or channel mismatch

In this paper, we consider the downlink of a multiuser wireless communication system with multiple antennas at the base station and users each with a single receive antenna. It is known that when channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter a large performance gain can be achieved. In a system employing time-division duplexing (TDD), CSI can be obtained at the base station if there is reciprocity between the forward and reverse channels. CSI can also be conveyed from the users to the base station via a limited-rate feedback channel in a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) system. In any case, channel estimation errors are inevitable due to the presence of background noise in the estimated signal and due to the finite number of feedback bits used in a limited-rate feedback system model. In this paper, we first consider the general case when partial CSI is available at the transmitter. We derive an MMSE based precoding technique that considers channel estimation errors as an integral part of the system design. Using rate-distortion theory and the generalized Lloyd vector quantization algorithm, we then specialize our results for the more practical limited-rate feedback system model. Compared to previously proposed precoding techniques such as channel inversion and regularized channel inversion, it is shown that the proposed precoding technique significantly improves the average bit error rate (BER) in the system. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed technique is investigated in the high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) regime, and similar to [1], [2], it is shown that the proposed technique suffers from a ceiling effect that asymptotically limits the system performance.