等离子体制备负载型金属纳米催化剂的研究进展

等离子体主要是由离子、电子等粒子组成的呈电中性且高度离子化的气体。可在室温条件下,利用等离子体中的高能粒子对化学物质进行还原,避免高温条件下粒子发生团聚,易得到粒径小、分散性好的纳米颗粒。对近年来等离子体技术制备负载型金属纳米催化剂及其催化性能进行了综述。     

负载金属催化剂的结构性能表征

综述了H2-TPR,TEM,XRD等物化方法在负载型金属催化剂的结构性能（包括金属分散度、表面结构、电子状态）方面的应用,为更好地认识和使用负载型金属催化剂提供了可靠的依据。     

负载型金属催化剂制备新技术研究进展

负载型金属催化剂因为其独特的催化性能在众多领域得到广泛应用。传统的催化剂制备方法有浸渍法,沉淀法,离子交换法和熔融法等。文章综述了溶剂化金属原子浸渍法,超临界技术和微波技术在负载型金属催化剂制备中的应用。     

基于金属有机骨架材料负载型催化剂的研究进展

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）是由有机配体和金属离子或团簇通过配位键自组装形成的具有分子内孔隙结构的有机-无机杂化材料,近年来在电化学、传感器、生物医学和催化等方面具有广泛的应用。尤其在催化领域,MOFs材料与传统无机材料相比,不仅具有极大的比表面积、高的孔隙率、可调节的孔结构,还包括3个重要的可改性部分：金属配位点、有机配体和纳米空腔。,综述了MOFs材料作为催化材料的特点以及MOFs负载型催化剂构建方式及应用,并对金属有机骨架材料负载型催化剂的瓶颈问题进行了分析,对发展方向进行了展望。     

负载型金属纳米催化剂对催化反应性能影响的研究进展

负载型金属纳米催化剂是由活性金属纳米粒子和载体组成的.金属纳米粒子是各种纳米技术应用中的关键功能部件,因为它们的尺寸、形状和组成具有独特的性质,且具有比表面积大的优点.对于相同质量的金属和纳米金属粒子而言,纳米金属表面积是普通金属表面积的千百倍,这个优点使其吸附作用非常强.纳术金属广泛的被应用于光学器件、电子器件、信息...     

活性炭负载金属催化剂的研究进展

活性炭作为一种优良的催化剂载体被广泛应用于催化领域,其经酸碱预处理或氧化预处理后表面可负载一种或多种金属催化剂,是优化各种金属催化剂性能的有效方法之一。为给今后活性炭载体催化剂的研发提供一些参考和方向,从单一金属催化剂负载和复合金属催化剂负载的制备、催化活性及应用着手,对近年来新制备的活性炭负载金属催化剂进行综述。     

负载型金属催化剂催化4-硝基苯酚加氢研究进展

4-硝基苯酚是一种典型的有机污染物,采用催化加氢的方式将其转化为具有工业价值的4-氨基苯酚,保护环境的同时还可以创造一定的经济价值,具有重要的科学意义。本文简要介绍了近期国内外研究成果,从负载型催化剂的活性组分、载体类型、两个方面归纳总结了负载型催化剂催化4-硝基苯酚加氢反应的研究进展,并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。     

超临界流体沉积技术制备负载型金属催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来超临界流体沉积技术在制备负载型金属纳米催化剂方面的应用及研究进展,介绍了近年来学者们利用超临界流体特殊的溶剂化特征、近乎于零的表面张力、高扩散系数、低黏度、易调变等优势,制备负载型金属纳米催化剂的研究成果。主要从超临界流体沉积过程中金属前驱盐的溶解、吸附、还原3个方面分别进行了阐述。集中讨论了对沉积效果影响显著的溶解度、吸附热力学、扩散动力学以及还原方法等问题。此外,还针对目前超临界流体沉积技术在制备金属纳米复合材料中所遇到的提高金属利用率、颗粒尺寸控制、分散性等焦点问题进行了讨论。     

茂金属催化剂负载化研究进展

综述了近年来茂金属催化剂负载化的研究进展。通过研究烯烃聚合中载体的应用对催化剂性能和聚烯烃形态的影响,进一步说明了负载的目的和必要性。     

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy for the characterization of supported metal catalysts

A scanning electron microscope with a short-focal-length immersion lens and subnanometer resolution has been used to characterize several oxide-supported metal particle catalysts. Nanometer-sized metal particles in the Pt/TiO₂ and Pd/SiO₂ systems could be imaged with best clarity at the upper end of the operating voltage range (20–30 kV). However, visibility depended upon an adequate yield of secondary electrons relative to the support: small Pt particles on CeO₂ could not be located by secondary electron imaging. Best visibility of the surface topography of the support was obtained at lower accelerating voltages.     

A well-defined supported metal catalyst: Ir4/MgO

[Ir₄(CO)₁₂] was used as a precursor for the preparation of a MgO-supported catalyst with a uniquely simple metal structure, Ir₄. The precursor was adsorbed on MgO from hexanes with the metal framework remaining intact, as determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. The surface-bound species was inferred to be predominantly [HIr₄(CO)₁₁]^–, which could be extracted from the surface by cation metathesis and identified in solution by infrared spectroscopy. After treatment of the MgO-supported iridium carbonyl in He followed by H₂ at 300 °C, the sample was characterized again by EXAFS spectroscopy; the results provide evidence that the predominant surface species are clusters of four Ir atoms with an average Ir-Ir distance of 2.69 Å.     

负载型金属配合物催化硅氢加成反应研究进展

硅氢加成反应是有机硅化学中制备含Si-C化合物的一类重要反应。综述了硅氢加成反应中负载型金属配合物催化剂的种类、催化性能及催化机理,并展望了此类反应的研究前景,表明探索价廉高效的硅氢加成催化体系将是这一领域的主要研究方向。     

Influence of supported vanadium catalyst on ethylene polymerization reactions

BACKGROUND: In the research area of homogeneous Ziegler–Natta olefin polymerization, classic vanadium catalyst systems have shown a number of favourable performances. These catalysts are useful for (i) the preparation of high molecular weight polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions, (ii) the preparation of ethylene/R‐olefin copolymers with high R‐olefin incorporation and (iii) the preparation of syndiotactic polypropylenes. In view of the above merits of vanadium‐based catalysts for polymerization reactions, the development of well‐defined single‐site vanadium catalysts for polymerization reactions is presently an extremely important industrial goal. The main aim of this work was the synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous low‐coordinate non‐metallocene (phenyl)imido vanadium catalyst, V(NAr)Cl₃, and its utility for ethylene polymerization. RESULTS: Imido vanadium complex V(NAr)Cl₃ was synthesized and immobilized onto a series of inorganic supports: SiO₂, methylaluminoxane (MAO)‐modified SiO₂ (4.5 and 23 wt% Al/SiO₂), SiO₂? Al₂O₃, MgCl₂, MCM‐41 and MgO. Metal contents on the supported catalysts determined by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy remained between 0.050 and 0.100 mmol V g^?1 support. Thermal stability of the catalysts was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Characterization of polyethylene was done by gel permeation chromatography and DSC. All catalyst systems were found to be active in ethylene polymerization in the presence of MAO or triisobutylaluminium/MAO mixture (Al/V = 1000). Catalyst activity was found to depend on the support nature, being between 7.5 and 80.0 kg PE (mol V)^?1 h^?1. Finally, all catalyst systems were found to be reusable for up to three cycles. CONCLUSION: Best results were observed in the case of silica as support. Acid or basic supports afforded less active systems. In situ immobilization led to higher catalyst activity. The resulting polyethylenes in all experiments had ultrahigh molecular weight. Finally, this work explains the synthesis and characterization of reusable supported novel vanadium catalysts, which are useful in the synthesis of very high molecular weight ethylene polymers. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

不饱和烃硅氢加成催化剂固载化研究进展

综述了各类负载过渡金属的催化剂体系及其在不饱和烃硅氢加成反应中的应用。负载过渡金属的催化剂具有良好的可回收性和选择性，研究主要集中在开发价廉、使用安全、环境友好和高催化性能的活性炭、氧化物或有机聚合物等负载过渡金属催化剂，并取得很好的结果。     

负载型Co基F-T合成催化剂中贵金属助剂促进作用的研究进展

在负载型Co基催化剂中添加少量贵金属助剂能显著影响催化剂活性、选择性与稳定性。贵金属助剂的添加提高了Co活性组分的还原度与分散度,增加了催化剂表面的活性位数目,改变了催化剂的几何结构和电子结构,影响CO、H₂或中间产物的吸附活化行为,抑制催化剂积炭和金属Co小粒子的再氧化。综述贵金属助剂对催化剂活性中心性质、反应物的吸附活化行为和催化剂反应稳定性的影响。     

Study on the properties of iron–cobalt alumina supported catalyst for ammonia

The addition of Co to Fe/Al₂O₃ increases the catalytic activity in NH₃ synthesis. The maximum effect is observed for 20% by weight of Co in the metallic phase. Bivalent cobalt atoms replace bivalent iron atoms (a similar ionic radius) in the crystal lattice. This process changes the reducibility of the samples. The Fe-Co compound and its formation results in the fairly high temperature of reduction (873 K) which is needed to prepare the most active catalyst. Changing the reactor atmosphere from reducing to inert causes the disappearance of free iron (escape of Fe to the crystal lattice of support with formation of a new compound with a spinel character). This is the effect of the iron-hydrogen interaction. The formation of an intermetallic iron-cobalt compound is crucial to the catalyst activity. This might be due to the surface restructuring by exposing the most active iron surface, Fe(111). The potassium addition in the form of KOH causes an increase in the catalytic activity. The increase is not as high as for a ‘super basic’ Fe-Co magnesium hydroxide carbonate supported catalyst studied earlier. A part of the potassium hydroxide is used to neutralize the acid sites on the surface of alumina.     

Models of metal catalysts: beyond single crystals

Because solid catalysts are typically complex in structure and composition, researchers have often used structurally simple models in attempts to identify catalytic sites and understand reaction mechanisms. Among models of metal catalysts, single crystals are the prototypes, but, because they cannot represent support effects or the smallest metal clusters and cannot easily be used in long-term catalyst testing, they are complemented by other types of model catalysts, including metal particles on well-defined planar supports and nearly molecular clusters of a few metal atoms each on metal oxide and zeolite supports. This account is a comparison of the various types of model metal catalysts and a summary of the advantages and limitations of each. Examples of rhodium and of platinum catalysts are given to illustrate the catalyst types and connections between them. More data are needed as a basis for comparisons of the performance of the various model catalysts.     

负载型金属催化剂催化KBH4水解析氢性能研究

以高比表面积和规整性强的蜂窝陶瓷（2MgO₂·Al₂O₃·SiO₂）为载体，涂敷TiO₂后，用水热合成法分别负载铁、钴和镍盐，500 ℃焙烧及硼氢化钾（KBH₄）浸渍后，合成了负载型金属催化剂。负载不同金属盐的催化剂析氢性能比较结果为钴＞铁＞镍。实验研究表明，负载硝酸铁［Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O］和氯化钴(CoCl₂·6H₂O)的催化剂经KHB₄浸渍后析氢性能均明显改善。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对催化剂的表征结果证实,负载硝酸铁催化剂表面真正起催化析氢性能的活性组分为单质铁，负载氯化钴催化剂表面生成了CoTiO₃，且该催化剂具有优良的催化碱性KBH₄溶液水解析氢性能，常温下该催化剂0.34 g于NaOH质量分数约为18%，KBH4质量分数约为10%的溶液中催化析氢速率可达160 mL·min^－1。