胶囊内窥镜在肠道中的钳位

由于胶囊内窥镜的有效钳位是实现其在肠道中有效驻停及运动的重要因素,本文研究并设计了胶囊内窥镜的钳位机构.首先,基于对摩擦力和肠道形变的分析,讨论了影响钳位力的因素.考虑肠道安全性,设计了阿基米德螺线腿机构.然后,通过构建离体肠道测试平台,测试不同直径、宽度、纹理及形状的样本在肠道内的钳位特性;分析实验结果,并建立了可定性描述钳位力的方程.最后,基于电流反馈实现钳位机构的安全控制;通过离体实验测试了钳位机构运动性能,并验证了钳位机构的安全性和可行性.实验结果显示,优化后的螺线腿钳位机构的钳位力达1.486 N;可较好地适应肠道的生理环境,满足扩展肠道、安全钳位的要求.     

重复频率锁定的783 nm飞秒光纤激光器研制

设计并搭建了重复频率长时精确锁定的783 nm飞秒光纤激光器。该激光器基于全保偏非线性干涉环镜(NALM),实现掺铒光纤振荡器锁模脉冲输出,由与脉冲分离器级联的环境稳定掺铒光纤双级放大器进行功率放大,实现了平均功率1.30 W、脉冲宽度130 fs、重复频率77.1 MHz、1 560 nm脉冲输出;通过周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)光学晶体倍频,获得了平均功率为0.52 W、脉冲宽度为140 fs、783 nm脉冲输出。通过重复频率监测及锁相环技术,进一步将掺铒光纤振荡器的重复频率溯源至参考铷原子钟,12 h内频率抖动峰-峰值为5 mHz、标准偏差为1.2 mHz。该激光器系统具有稳定性高、集成度高、体积小的特点。     

飞秒激光抛光CVD金刚石涂层表面

为了实现降低金刚石涂层粗糙度的目的,本文研究了飞秒激光功率,重复频率以及扫描速度对金刚石涂层表面粗糙度的影响,试验之后利用白光干涉仪检测抛光区域形貌以及粗糙度。试验结果表明：粗糙度随着功率的降低而减小,当功率降至100 mw以下时抛光后的粗糙度会随着功率的降低而略微的提高;重复频率对抛光后的粗糙度无显著影响;粗糙度随扫描速度的增大而减小,当扫描速度增加到1.6 mm/s之后,粗糙度会出现略微的升高。在功率100 mw,重复频率1 KHz,扫描速度1.6 mm/s的条件下,得到的粗糙度最低,约为0.14 μm,局部区域粗糙度可降至100 nm以下,并且抛光的区域相对于未抛光区域更具有致密性,基本上满足金刚石涂层低摩擦表面的要求。     

飞秒脉冲激光沉积类金刚石膜实验研究

期望用类金刚石膜作为硅的红外保护/增透膜,采用波长为800nm,脉宽50fs,重复频率1KH z的T i:Sapph ire飞秒激光器及石墨靶材在单晶S i片上沉积了约0.7μm~1μm厚的类金刚石膜(d iam ond-like carbon film s,DLC),获得了光滑致密,硬度显著提高,红外透过率有一定增加的样品。通过对薄膜拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱等的测试,发现单脉冲能量在0.4m J~1.6m J范围内变动时,单脉冲能量0.8m J获得的类金刚石膜综合性能最佳,其对应的焦斑功率密度计算值为1.4×1014W/cm2。     

飞秒激光诱导的空气等离子体冲击波探究

一定强度的飞秒激光聚焦于空气能生成空气等离子体并诱导生成冲击波。为了观察该冲击波传播特性,引入了超快时间分辨涡旋滤波成像技术,并对观测到的冲击波动力学过程进行了分析。实验探测到泵浦能量为1.5 mJ的飞秒激光经过透镜聚焦到空气中产生等离子体空气冲击波,分析了在3~15 μs时间段冲击波的动态演化过程。结果表明,飞秒激光等离子体空气冲击波在传输时以不对称的球形形状向外扩散,且沿着激光传播方向的传播速度与背着激光传播方向的传播速度不同,分别为372 m/s和341 m/s。这一观察结果与传统的点爆炸模型的对称情形不同,尝试对该不对称动力学过程进行了合理解释。     

Quantitative atom probe analyses of rare-earth-doped ceria by femtosecond pulsed laser

We have investigated the irradiation conditions of femtosecond laser pulses for quantitative atom probe analyses of rare-earth (RE) doped ceria. The influence of laser wavelength, power, pulse frequency, as well as specimen temperature on mass resolution and background noise of atom probe mass spectra were investigated. Furthermore, quantitative atom probe analysis of yttrium distribution in Y-doped ceria was carried out with the optimized evaporation conditions. The distribution of yttrium was found to be uniform within the grains, but they were confirmed to be segregated at grain boundaries.     

用于飞秒激光制备光纤光栅的相位掩模研制

利用严格耦合波理论分析了用于520 nm波长飞秒激光制备光纤光栅的相位掩模的衍射特性,当相位掩模是矩形槽形时,占宽比在0.32~0.43之间,槽形深度在0.57~0.67μm之间时,能够保证零级衍射效率抑制在2%以内,同时±1级的衍射效率大于35%。在此基础上,利用全息光刻-离子束刻蚀技术,制作了用于520 nm波长飞秒激光的周期为1067 nm、有效面积大于40 mm×30 mm的相位掩模。实际制作的相位掩模是梯形槽形,槽深是0.665μm,分析了梯形槽形中梯形角对衍射效率的影响。实验测量表明,该相位掩模的零级衍射效率小于2%,±1级衍射效率大于40%,满足飞秒激光制作光纤光栅的需要。     

紫外飞秒激光泵浦氮气离子相干辐射

氮气分子在不同波长（中红外、近红外、紫外）强场飞秒激光的泵浦下,其分子离子在传播前向能够发出具有良好相干性的可见光波段的窄带辐射。在400 nm紫外飞秒激光的激发下,波长为428 nm和423 nm的相干辐射受到的关注较少,物理性质尚不明确。本研究对该辐射的偏振性质、气压和泵浦激光能量依赖关系进行了系统的测量。实验发现,该辐射的偏振与线偏振泵浦激光的偏振态保持一致,辐射强度随着气压和泵浦激光能量呈现出非线性的增加。利用基于密度矩阵的强场电离和能级耦合模型,对氮气分子在强场中的电离和相关离子能级在强场作用下的耦合进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,在较大的激光强度范围内,氮气离子上能级$ {\mathrm{B}}^{2}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{\mathrm{u}}^{+} $和其离子基态$ {\mathrm{X}}^{2}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{\mathrm{g}}^{+} $之间,对应428 nm和423 nm的振动态之间总是能够形成粒子数反转,而且该反转对于激光参数具有鲁棒性,与实验观测结果一致。     

激光冲击处理对曲轴疲劳强度的影响

利用激光冲击波对曲轴连杆轴颈圆角进行了强化处理,通过液压伺服疲劳试验研究激光冲击处理工艺对曲轴扭转疲劳强度的影响,利用X射线衍射法分析激光冲击处理后轴颈圆角处残余应力的分布规律,利用扫描电镜观察激光冲击处理表面微结构,分析激光冲击处理提高曲轴疲劳强度的微观机理。结果表明,激光冲击处理在曲轴圆角表面产生了残余压应力场,曲轴疲劳寿命显著提高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率大大降低;残余压应力场提高是激光冲击处理改善曲轴疲劳性能的主要机制。     

Broadening the applications of the atom probe technique by ultraviolet femtosecond laser

Laser assisted field evaporation using ultraviolet (UV) wavelength gives rise to better mass resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in atom probe mass spectra of metals, semiconductors and insulators compared to infrared and green lasers. Combined with the site specific specimen preparation techniques using the lift-out and annular Ga ion milling in a focused ion beam machine, a wide variety of materials including insulating oxides can be quantitatively analyzed by the three-dimensional atom probe using UV laser assisted field evaporation. After discussing laser irradiation conditions for optimized atom probe analyses, recent atom probe tomography results on oxides, semiconductor devices and grain boundaries of sintered magnets are presented.     

飞秒激光进给速度对TiC陶瓷微孔加工的影响

采用螺旋打孔技术,在不同的激光进给速度下在TiC陶瓷上加工了微孔。用扫描电子显微镜分析了微孔形貌,利用能量色散谱仪研究了激光加工前后材料化学成分的变化,并结合X射线光电子能谱术(XPS)讨论了材料化学键的变化,探讨了利用飞秒激光加工TiC陶瓷过程中材料的去除机理。结果表明:所得到的微孔具有较好的形貌特征,孔边缘没有出现明显的微裂纹。微孔入口圆度达98%以上,入口直径略小于出口直径。激光进给速度对入口处孔边缘的微观形貌影响较大。进给速度较低时,激光切蚀区域出现平行的条纹状周期结构,随着进给速度的增加,表面以混沌的颗粒状结构为主。在较低或较高的进给速度下,重铸层都会出现更为剧烈的氧化现象,实验显示最佳的进给速率应在6.4μm/s左右。XPS分析显示材料的去除主要是通过多光子吸收,在加工过程中发生Ti-C键的断裂产生的Ti离子被氧化后会生成TiO2和Ti2O3。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔的飞秒激光烧蚀

利用飞秒激光对厚度为20 μm的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔进行了表面烧蚀、微细切割等试验,并研究了不锈钢箔的烧蚀特性。首先,根据烧蚀区域的直径和脉冲能量的关系,得到了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔的单脉冲烧蚀阈值,并估算了飞秒激光的束腰半径。然后,对飞秒激光切割不锈钢箔的边缘进行金相观察并测试了切割试件的电阻率,以确定飞秒激光切割对不锈钢箔的热影响。最后,对切割试件进行X射线衍射分析(XRD),以确定飞秒激光切割对不锈钢箔物相组成的影响。实验结果表明:飞秒激光的束腰半径为10.416 μm;厚度为20 μm的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔的单脉冲烧蚀阈值为0.455 J/cm²;飞秒激光切割后试件的金相组织处于回复阶段,因此金相组织不会产生明显变化;飞秒激光切割后不锈钢箔的物相组成没有变化,但物相的相对含量发生了改变。     

双圆弧齿轮齿腰曲率半径对齿腰应力的影响

基于任意转角位置的双圆弧齿轮齿廓数学模型,构建了双圆弧齿轮齿腰过渡曲线曲率半径的计算数学模型,提出了齿腰任一点局部应力的折截面法计算数学模型,验证了两数学模型的准确性,并应用这两个数学模型分析讨论了不同参数条件下曲率半径对齿腰应力的影响。其分析结果将为双圆弧齿轮设计、参数优化选择等提供参考依据。     

Effects on mechanical properties in electron beam welding of TC4 alloy by laser shock processing

The surface of TC4 titanium alloy welding line by electron beam welding (EBW) was processed by high power Q-switched and repetition-rate Nd: glass laser. Effects of laser power and spot diameter on residual stress and microhardness of the TC4 alloy welding line by laser shock processing (LSP) have been analyzed. Results show that residual stresses almost do not change as laser power is 45.9 J, spot diameter is ϕ9 mm; While laser power is 45.9 J, spot diameter less than ϕ3 mm, the distribution of residual stress in welding line occurs obvious variation, which residual stress increase obviously with spot diameter decrease. When power density is bigger than 1.8 × 10¹⁰ W/cm², residual stresses of electron beam welding line occur change by LSP, which improve obviously residual stress distribution; while laser power is bigger than 1.2 × 10¹⁰ W/cm², the surface micro-hardness of electron beam welding line occurs change by LSP, which improve obviously micro-hardness distribution. Mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy welding line will be improved by LSP, which provides experimental foundation for further controlling the distributions of residual stress and micro-hardness during laser shock processing. __________ Translated from Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science), 2006, 27(3): 207–210 [译自: 江苏大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

Investigation of damage generation process by stress waves during femtosecond laser drilling of SiC

Femtosecond laser processing has garnered significant attention as a method for micromachining silicon carbide (SiC), which is expected to be used in next-generation power semiconductors. However, a significant amount of damage is generated around the processing area during the femtosecond laser processing of SiC. In this study, high-speed phenomena during the femtosecond laser drilling of SiC are observed with high temporal and spatial resolutions by combining pump-probe imaging and a high-speed camera. In addition, a stress wave propagation simulation based on experimental results is conducted. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the mechanism of damage generation by the stress wave generated during material removal is elucidated. The damage generation mechanism elucidated in this study will facilitate the development of damage suppression methods and the expansion of industrial applications of SiC.     

板式楔横轧接触区表面应力分布规律研究

楔横轧接触表面是形状复杂的空间曲面,接触表面应力分布变化规律相当复杂,对于其认识程度至今还局限于作较多假设的滑移线法分析结果,致使在模具设计和实际生产上主要依靠经验因素,阻碍楔横轧的应用和理论的发展。根据板式楔横轧的特点,在有限元ANSYS/DYNA软件基础上进行二次开发,编制模拟板式楔横轧轧制过程的命令流程序,模拟其轧制过程,获得接触区空间曲面形状,并较详细分析在楔横轧展宽段接触区的空间接触曲面上轧件接触表面应力的分布变化规律。研究结果为避免轧件表面产生缺陷、指导楔横轧模具设计和确定轧机力能参数等提供重要的理论依据。     

氧化锌表面曲率可控纳米周期条纹的飞秒激光制备

超快激光在金属、电介质和半导体表面制备周期性纳米结构可以有效地改变材料的物化性质,如光学、电学、亲疏水性等.周期性纳米条纹取向通常依赖于激光的偏振,因此利用径向偏振的飞秒激光能够制备不同弯曲度的周期性纳米条纹.通过分析柱透镜聚焦的径向偏振光光场具有随空间变化的偏振方向,实验上获得了柱透镜聚焦的径向光场在不同位置诱导周期...     

飞秒刻写光纤F P腔级联FBG传感特性研究

提出了一种飞秒刻写光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔级联切趾布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)的微结构传感器并研究了该传感器的温度与应变传感特性。该微结构传感器光谱稳定性良好,监测时长2 h内FBG波长最大漂移量为0.009 nm,功率最大漂移量为0.015 d B,F-P腔波长最大漂移量为0.018 nm,功率最大漂移量为0.072 d B。当应变由0με增至450με再减回0με时,该微传感器FBG特征峰先右移再左移,波长变化0.530 4 nm,应变灵敏度约1.17 pm/με,线性度高于0.99;光纤F-P腔特征谷波长变化0.491 1 nm,应变灵敏度约1.10 pm/με,线性度高于0.90。当温度由50℃升至200℃再降回50℃时,FBG特征峰先右移再左移,波长变化约1.418 nm,应变灵敏度约10.09 pm/℃,线性度高于0.95;光纤F-P腔特征谷波长变化约1.578 nm,应变灵敏度约10.53 pm/℃,线性度高于0.98。所提出的微结构传感器是解决单根光纤双参数测量的有效手段,同时对复杂环境下的多参数耦合测量与解耦也具有重要的参考价值。     

Residual stress in some elasto-plastic problems of rolling contact with friction

The problem or rolling contact is of a great interest from the practical and cognitive points of view. It concerns for example a wheel passage on a rail, as well as many other processes where rolling or rolling with sliding is involved. Particularly, residual stresses distributions in the subsurface area due to plastic deformations are of significant importance: these stresses strongly influence fatigue limit and cracking tendencies of the material. A motion of the wheel on the rail (or of a roller on a strip) often has a very complex character: it consists of rolling, sliding in the longitudinal direction due to brakings and accelerations, sliding in the transversal direction, etc. Investigations conducted on this field by many authors have not yet delivered a unique solution. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of some of these components of the wheel motion (separately and in common action) on residual stresses distributions. The problem has been investigated numerically by the FEM method, using the program SEGLA developed by the authors. The program can be applied to solving linear and nonlinear 2D, axisymmetric and 3D problems with elasto-plastic effects in the nonlinear contact and fracture mechanics. It uses three, four, six, eight and nine-node elements and also the special “spring” elements to model contact. The applied algorithm allows automatic analysis of these fragments of boundary, which enter and leave the contact; in the area where the “new” contact is created the program introduces additional elements.     

机械密封用焊接金属波纹管失弹试验装置的研制

设计了机械密封用焊接金属波纹管失弹试验装置,得到工况下波纹管弹力变化值,为波纹管的结构设计提供了数据依据。采用新研制的波纹管失弹试验装置,实现了在高温下对失弹试验数据的连续测量;在ANSYS Workbench中对主要受力零件进行了有限元分析,得出结论：本套试验装置中,波纹管的失弹现象完全由波纹膜片应力松弛产生,与其他零部件应力松弛无关,证明了所设计试验装置的科学性与可行性。