广西21世纪初期水资源可持续利用对策

针对广西水资源开发利用现状，分析广西面临的洪涝、干旱、水污染、水资源浪费、水土流失等主要问题，从21世纪初期社会经济发展对水资源的需求出发，提出广西建立防灾减灾体系、开源节流、加强水资源保护管理和水土流失治理、提供政策保障等水资源可持续利用的对策。     

地表水资源调查评价计算软件在水资源公报编制中的几种应用

地表水资源调查评价计算软件由广西水文水资源局和南京水利水文自动化研究所共同开发,适用于水资源的调查评价。为此,简要介绍该软件在水资源公报中降水等值线绘制、分区降水总量计算(等值线法)、分区降水总量计算(泰森多边形法)等的应用方法。     

Mike系列软件在平原河网区合理水面率研究中的应用

分析平原河网区合理水面率需要从水域承载的行洪除涝、水资源利用等基本功能出发来实现，而平原河网区行洪除涝和水资源供需平衡分析计算较复杂。分别采用腼ke系列软件中的Mike11和MikeBasin软件进行不同条件下的水动力学模拟和水资源供需平衡模拟，为分析计算提供了较为理想的工具，取得了较好的效果。应用表明：Mike系列软件功能强大、应用方便、计算结果准确可靠。     

南方经济跨越式发展地区水资源合理配置模型与应用研究

通过分析国内外水资源合理配置理论与模型,提出南方经济跨越式发展地区水资源合理配置模型,并应用于广西北部湾经济区。通过水资源合理配置分析计算,表明在广西北部湾经济区南方经济跨越式发展地区的水资源合理配置模型得到了较好的应用,为水资源合理配置在南方经济跨越式发展地区的应用提供了一个新的途径。     

广西水资源的时空分布及利用现状和保护建议

论述了广西地表水和地下水水资源的空间分布特征。分析了近10年来广西地表水和地下水资源的时间变化趋势及水资源开发利用的现状。指出了水资源开发利用中出现的水污染问题,并对广西水资源保护和水污染治理提出了建议。     

对水资源费征收中有关问题的看法

对水资源费征收中有关问题的看法王大维（广西钦州市水利电力局５３５０００）０引言在我国，征收水资源费是近年才提出来并付诸实施的新生事物。广西政府桂政发〔１９９２〕９５号文下发之后，我市各县（区）和全区一样，全面铺开了水资源费的征收工作。并逐步走上了正规...     

流域水资源地理信息系统开发研究

论述了地理信息系统的功能和特点，介绍了GIS在水资源开发领域的应用规律，建立流域水资源地理信息系统的模型，以MapInfo和可视化软件作为集成开发工具。     

广西水网建设的实践与发展思考

分析了广西水资源及河网分布特点和广西水网建设情况。结合广西水网建设规划总体布局，剖析了广西水网建设面临的主要问题，提出了未来广西水网建设思路。从完善防洪减灾体系、提升水资源调配能力、优化水生态保护治理格局和强化数字赋能及科技支撑等4个方面提出了推进广西水网建设发展的建议。     

浅谈保持广西水资源永续利用的对策

广西水资源时空分布不均，有些地方水源缺乏，有些单位浪费水量严重，随着人口增加、工业发展和人民生活水平的提高，水资源供求矛盾愈来愈大。为使人们树立节水意识，注意节约用水，合理用水，延缓水危机的到来，现从广西实际出发，对保持水资源永续利用提出几点对策，引起各级领导和人们的重视，切实做好水资源的管理和保护。     

基于层次分析法的广西水资源可持续利用评价

水资源的可持续利用有利于保障生态、环境、经济和社会可持续发展。为研究广西水资源可持续利用发展水平,构建了4个准则层17个指标的水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,采用层次分析法的区域水资源可持续利用评价方法,对广西水资源进行可持续利用评价。评价结果表明:广西水资源可持续发展能力中等,为基本可持续水平,水资源利用效率权重偏小;为满足广西经济社会的可持续发展要求,建议提高水资源开发利用效率。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Desiccation and recolonization of phytobenthos in a regulated desert river: Colorado River at Lees Ferry,Arizona, USA

We tested the recolonization of the phytobenthic community in the tailwaters of Glen Canyon Dam following long- and short-term experimentally induced desiccation. The response of Cladophora glomerata, Oscillatoria spp., miscellaneous phytobenthos species and periphyton was studied over 18 weeks using three treatments: (1) undisturbed control cobbles from the submerged zone; (2) cobbles desiccated and replaced into the submerged zone; and (3) cobbles desiccated and replaced into the varial zone. Periphyton density and compositional response resulting from these treatments were also examined. Desiccation treatments were significantly different in biomass from controls throughout the study. The biomass of desiccated and replaced river cobbles averaged <30% of the controls for C. glomerata and periphyton during the 18-week recolonization period. In contrast, the biomass of the control Oscillatoria and miscellaneous phytobenthos species averaged only 3 and 50% of that in the desiccation treatments, respectively. Cladophora, the dominant alga, comprised 77% of the phytobenthic biomass. A significant positive relationship between discharge, Cladophora and periphyton biomass was present in all treatments, while there was a negative relationship with discharge for Oscillatoria and miscellaneous phytobenthos species. There was a significant inverse correlation, as well as a pattern of separate biomass dominance, between C. glomerata and Oscillatoria. Cladophora was the dominant phytobenthos species on cobbles below the baseflow and Oscillatoria was dominant on cobbles in the varial zone. In general, the Cladophora biomass decreased under intermittent drying conditions, while Oscillatoria declined under permanently wet conditions. Diatom composition was not significantly different between treatments; however, their density was lower on desiccated cobbles. Diatom density on desiccated cobbles in the submerged and varial zones averaged 69 and 42% of that of the controls, respectively. Recovery and maintenance of benthic resources are hindered by fluctuating flow regimes driven by electricity and irrigation requirements. Repeated desiccation of the phytobenthos has major effects on the bottom-up interactions in the Colorado River ecosystem. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.