工程水泥基复合材料动态力学性能及抗爆抗冲击能力研究进展

工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)是一种基于微观力学设计的新型纤维增强水泥基材料,它通过连续稳态开裂过程表现出超高延性和韧性,从而克服了普通水泥基材料抗拉能力弱、易开裂的缺点。本文综述了ECC设计机理、动态力学性能及其在抗爆抗冲击方面的研究现状,分析了材料组分设计、高应变率和高温环境对ECC性能的影响,对ECC材料在抗爆抗冲击领域的进一步研究和发展提出了建议。     

高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究进展及应用

高性能PVA(聚乙烯醇)纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)是一种具有应变硬化、多缝开裂能力和高能量吸收能力的超高韧性纤维增强水泥基复合材料。文中阐述了高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究背景、进展以及基本性能。得出:与普通水泥基复合材料相比,PVA-ECC的抗弯抗拉以及抗压性能均有所提高,同时具有良好的延性和耐久性。目前,PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料已成功应用于实际工程中。     

高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究进展及应用

高延性水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composite,ECC)是经系统的微观力学设计,在拉伸和剪切荷载下呈现高延展性的一种纤维增强水泥基复合材料.综述了ECC的研究进展,介绍了配筋ECC结构的耐久性、安全性及可持续性等混凝土必须满足的关键性能.根据ECC近来的应用情况及在工程上推广应用的需要,总结了ECC长期性能方面的研究结果.     

玄武岩纤维及其增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

玄武岩纤维是一种新型无机绿色环保高性能纤维材料.综述了玄武岩纤维及其玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料(basalt fiber reinforced cement-based composite)国内外最新研究进展,简要介绍了玄武岩纤维国内外研究进展,玄武岩纤维表面处理技术对界面性能的影响以及对提高复合材料整体性能的必要性,并重点介绍了玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能研究和纤维增强机理以及玄武岩纤维水工混凝土及BFRP加固应用.最后对玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展研究方向进行了展望.     

碳纳米管水泥基复合材料耐久性及力学性能研究

为解决复杂环境下混凝土材料的耐久性以及力学性能等问题,以纳米材料作为水泥基材料的增强组份,添加碳纳米管(CNTs)制备了一种碳纳米管水泥基复合材料。研究了该水泥基复合材料的力学性能、流变性能,采用氯离子渗透深度来对该水泥基复合材料的耐久性能进行了评价。通过测试分析了不同碳纳米管掺量的水泥基复合材料的力学性能和耐久性,并通过SEM(扫描电镜)分析了碳纳米管水泥基复合材料的微观结构。结果表明CNTs能显著提高水泥基材料的力学性能以及耐久性,改善水泥基材料孔结构,同时能提高水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能。     

经济环保型工程水泥基复合材料力学性能研究进展

基于微观力学理论设计的工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)具有应变硬化行为和多重开裂特性，其极限拉伸应变是纤维增强混凝土的500倍，具有优异的裂缝控制能力，可显著提高混凝土结构的力学性能和耐久性能。然而，有限的原材料产地和高昂的生产成本限制了ECC的广泛应用。基于此，本文回顾了ECC的相关文献，论述了利用本地原材料甚至是再生废弃材料制备出满足性能要求ECC的可行性，讨论了胶凝材料、骨料和纤维材料对ECC力学性能的影响规律以及作用机理。此外，探讨了ECC的研究方向，以期为日后的研究提供参考。     

搅拌过程和流变性对水泥基材料中纤维分布及力学性能影响

纤维增强水泥基设计复合材料( ECC)具有高延性特征,而成型过程影响纤维在水泥基体内分布状态,进而影响ECC获得高延性性能的稳定性。本文综述了ECC搅拌过程和拌合状态下的流变性能对纤维分布的影响,重点分析了塑性黏度和屈服应力对纤维分布及力学性能的影响。结果表明：后加纤维的搅拌过程是ECC成型过程中纤维分布的最优方式;良好的塑性黏度是保证纤维均匀分布的关键,屈服应力影响纤维分布及取向分布;综合调整ECC的流变性可以保证纤维均匀分布,使硬化后ECC获得稳定的高延性。     

钢-PVA混杂纤维水泥基复合材料抗压力学性能及经济性研究

纤维增强延性水泥基材料(ECC)造价昂贵,在实际工程应用中尚未被推广。在传统ECC体系中加入钢纤维,并按照不同体积分数(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)将国产PVA纤维替代日产PVA纤维,制备极具性价比的钢-PVA混杂纤维增强延性水泥基材料,通过立方体轴心抗压试验研究混杂纤维延性水泥基材料的单轴受压力学性能。结果表明：随着国产PVA纤维的增加,钢-PVA混杂纤维水泥基复合材料的抗压强度先减小后增加,抗压韧性指数先增强后减弱,而峰值应变提升效果较为显著;相较于普通水泥基材料,钢-PVA混杂纤维水泥基复合材料具有更好的完整性和延性;综合材料抗压性能与材料造价,国产PVA纤维替代日产PVA纤维配制钢-PVA混杂纤维水泥基复合材料可以实现功能价值和经济价值的协同最大化。     

剑麻纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

剑麻纤维具有环保、经济、力学性能良好等特点,近些年备受水泥基复合材料研究学者青睐.剑麻纤维具有较高的抗拉性能,弥补水泥基复合材料的脆裂的缺点;在水泥基复合材料中掺入较少的剑麻纤维可以较大提高水泥基复合材料抗拉性能和韧性.总结了剑麻纤维增强水泥基复合材料中剑麻纤维表面处理、制作工艺、宏观力学性能、微观结构的研究现状、未来发展动向、经济效益,并对剑麻纤维目前存在问题做了总结以及前景展望.     

混杂纤维应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)研究进展

应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)是近20年发展起来的一种新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,而混杂纤维SHCC通过调节不同纤维的比例关系,可便捷的获得满足工程需要的强度、变形、动态力学性能或经济性等要求.本文对混杂纤维SHCC的临界纤维掺量理论、准静态力学性能试验研究、动态力学性能试验研究进行了综述,最后就混杂纤维SHCC的研究存在的不足和发展方向进行了评述和展望.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。