马来酰亚胺系减水剂的制备与作用机理的研究

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,马来酸酐(MAH)、自制N-聚乙二醇单甲醚-N’-氨基甲酰马来酰亚胺(MPNCM)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为聚合单体,合成N-聚乙二醇单甲醚-N’-氨基甲酰马来酰亚胺-甲基丙烯磺酸钠-马来酸酐共聚物(SP)。通过FTIR谱图对SP结构进行表征。以净浆流动度为指标,考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、n(MAH)/n(SMAS)摩尔比和n(MPNCM)/n(SMAS)摩尔比对净浆流动度的影响,并以净浆流动度、Zeta电位和吸附量为指标,探讨了马来酰亚胺系减水剂的作用机理。实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为n(MPNCM):n(SMAS)为1.2,n(MAH):n(SMAS)为5.0,引发剂用量0.15%(质量分数,下同)和反应温度为60℃;其分散机理主要是由于减水剂分子定向吸附在水泥颗粒表面,水泥颗粒表面形成双电子层,并在静电排斥作用下使水泥颗粒分散。     

马来酰亚胺系减水剂的制备与作用机理的研究

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,马来酸酐(MAH)、自制N-聚乙二醇单甲醚-N’-氨基甲酰马来酰亚胺(MPNCM)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为聚合单体,合成N-聚乙二醇单甲醚-N’-氨基甲酰马来酰亚胺-甲基丙烯磺酸钠-马来酸酐共聚物(SP)。通过FTIR谱图对SP结构进行表征。以净浆流动度为指标,考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、n(MAH)/n(SMAS)摩尔比和n(MPNCM)/n(SMAS)摩尔比对净浆流动度的影响,并以净浆流动度、Zeta电位和吸附量为指标,探讨了马来酰亚胺系减水剂的作用机理。实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为n(MPNCM):n(SMAS)为1.2,n(MAH):n(SMAS)为5.0,引发剂用量0.15%(质量分数,下同)和反应温度为60℃;其分散机理主要是由于减水剂分子定向吸附在水泥颗粒表面,水泥颗粒表面形成双电子层,并在静电排斥作用下使水泥颗粒分散。     

一种马来酸酐型聚羧酸系减水剂的合成与表征

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,马来酸酐(MAH)、自制N-聚乙二醇单甲醚-N'-氨基甲酰马来酰亚胺(MPNCM)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为聚合单体,合成N-聚乙二醇单甲醚-N'-氨基甲酰马来酰亚胺-甲基丙烯磺酸钠-马来酸酐共聚物(SP).通过FI-IR和1H-NMR谱图对SP结构进行表征.以净浆流动度为指标,考察了投料方式、引发剂用量、反应温度、MAH/SMAS摩尔比和MPNCM/SMAS摩尔比对净浆流动度的影响.实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为MPNCM/SMAS摩尔比为1.2,MAH/SMAS摩尔比5.0,并将0.15wt％ APS和MPNCM、SMAS缓慢滴加到的MAH水溶液,控制反应温度为60℃.以最佳反应条件制备的SP具有较好的工作性能和分散效果,掺量为0.2wt％时,减水率达26.6％,净浆流动度达288 mm.     

酰胺型两性减水剂的合成与作用机理的研究

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N-氨基甲酰马来酸(NCMA)、聚乙二醇单烯丙基醚(APEG)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为聚合单体,合成N-氨基甲酰马来酸-甲基丙烯磺酸钠-聚乙二醇单烯丙基醚(SP)。通过FTIR和1H NMR谱图对SP结构进行表征。以净浆流动度为指标,考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、SMAS/APEG摩尔比和NCMA/APEG摩尔比对净浆流动度的影响,并以净浆流动度、Zeta电位和吸附量为指标,探讨了酰胺型聚羧酸系减水剂与水泥的作用机理。试验结果表明,最佳反应条件为SMAS/APEG摩尔比1.2,NCMA/APEG摩尔比1.0,引发剂用量0.4%(质量分数)和反应温度为50℃;其分散机理主要是由于减水剂分子中的阴阳离子基团与水泥颗粒表面形成物理吸附,使水泥颗粒之间产生了立体斥力而产生分散作用。     

酰胺型两性减水剂的合成与作用机理的研究

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N-氨基甲酰马来酸(NCMA)、聚乙二醇单烯丙基醚(APEG)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为聚合单体,合成N-氨基甲酰马来酸-甲基丙烯磺酸钠-聚乙二醇单烯丙基醚(SP)。通过FTIR和1H NMR谱图对SP结构进行表征。以净浆流动度为指标,考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、SMAS/APEG摩尔比和NCMA/APEG摩尔比对净浆流动度的影响,并以净浆流动度、Zeta电位和吸附量为指标,探讨了酰胺型聚羧酸系减水剂与水泥的作用机理。试验结果表明,最佳反应条件为SMAS/APEG摩尔比1.2,NCMA/APEG摩尔比1.0,引发剂用量0.4%(质量分数)和反应温度为50℃;其分散机理主要是由于减水剂分子中的阴阳离子基团与水泥颗粒表面形成物理吸附,使水泥颗粒之间产生了立体斥力而产生分散作用。     

4种N-对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺单体的光引发聚合初探

探讨用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)作光敏剂对4种N-对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺单体光引发均聚的可能性,然后用AIBN、氯化苄、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸烯丙酯(BDC)作光敏剂,研究了4种N-对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺和苯乙烯的光聚合,得到相对分子质量可控、产品纯度高、粉末细腻的光聚合产物,可用作高档精细高分子产品。     

TMA-APEG-AMPS聚羧酸高性能减水剂的制备

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,以酒石酸改性的马来酸酐(TMA)、烯丙基聚乙二醇(APEG)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为共聚单体,合成聚羧酸高性能减水剂PTAA。以净浆流动度为考查指标,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对聚合的影响。结果表明,在MA为0.01 mol、n(APEG)∶n(AMPS)=2.28、引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)的用量为单体总量的3%、反应温度75℃、反应时间3 h时,所合成的减水剂在用量为1.0%时,其净浆流动度可达288 mm。     

顺丁烯二酸型聚羧酸减水剂的合成

以顺丁烯二酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯(MPMA)为单体,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在水溶液中共聚,合成出MPMA改性聚羧酸系减水剂;并研究了酯化时间与MPMA性能的关系、减水剂合成反应时间、MPMA含量等对聚羧酸系减水剂性能的影响,研究结果表明:在最佳条件下合成的减水剂固掺量为0.2%,水灰比为0.29时,净浆流动度为301 mm。     

低收缩、降粘型聚羧酸减水剂的合成及其应用

本文以马来酸酐(MAH),二乙二醇单丁醚,甲基丙烯酸-聚乙二醇单甲醚酯大单体(MPEGnMA)为主要反应原料,合成低收缩、降粘型聚羧酸系减水剂.将所得反应产物进行表面张力、早期混凝土收缩、水泥净浆和混凝土工作性能(坍落扩展度、T50试验、V型漏斗时间)测试,结果表明:合成的减水剂对混凝土具有很好的低收缩和降粘效果.     

N-苯基马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂的合成及其结构性能

采用滴加苯酚的方式合成了N-苯基马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂（PPMF）, 考察了N-苯基马来酰亚胺（PMI）参与酚醛缩聚反应的转化程度和树脂黏度特性的变化规律.发现延长苯酚滴加时间能提高PMI参与共缩聚反应的竞争能力和转化率;随着回流反应时间的增加,PMI转化率增加,树脂的黏度也随之增大;较高的反应温度或较大的PMI用量均会导致PMI转化率的显著下降.利用核磁、红外和元素分析等表征了改性酚醛树脂的结构及组成,确定N-苯基马来酰亚胺已共缩合于酚醛树脂中,其中PMI含量可达33％左右.利用DSC和TGA研究了N-苯基马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂的固化特性和耐热性能,发现PPMF树脂经历了两个固化阶段, 第一阶段是少量羟甲基的缩合, 第二阶段为马来酰亚胺的双键打开自交联形成. PPMF树脂固化产物的耐热性能优于传统的热塑性酚醛树脂.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。