竖直环形通道内液氮流动沸腾的数值模拟

在多尺寸组模型的基础上,从加热壁面上脱离汽泡的受力分析人手,对液氮过冷流动沸腾模型进行了修正.将新模型应用于环形通道内液氮过冷流动沸腾的数值模拟,同时为了比较,采用基于Kirichenko,Fritz汽泡脱离直径公式的多尺寸组模型对同一管道内液氮过冷流动进行了数值模拟.结果表明:结合脱离汽泡受力分析模型的多尺寸组模型可...     

竖直圆管内液氮过冷流动沸腾数值模拟研究

在现有数学模型的基础上,从沸腾换热的机理入手,对过冷流动沸腾模型中的气泡参量模型进行了修正,分析确定了壁面热流密度的拆分方法,构建出适应于液氮的过冷沸腾计算模型。将新模型应用于CFX4.4中,对液氮在三维竖直圆管内的过冷流动沸腾进行了数值模拟。研究发现,在过冷流动沸腾形成之后,蒸发热流成为壁面换热的主要部分,沸腾换热占据换热的主导地位。数值模拟结果与已有的实验数据吻合较好,证明了新建模型的正确性。     

烟气循环流化床脱硫数值模拟进展及现状分析

介绍了循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫过程气固两相流动和反应特征及其数值模拟方法。对两相流常用的离散颗粒模型、双流体模型的研究进展进行论述,对于四步骤的脱硫模型进行说明,并介绍了耦合流动模型与脱硫模型过程模拟的优缺点。提出对循环流化床脱硫进一步数值模拟的工作重点应集中在颗粒动力学、曳力模型的修正和反应过程细化模拟方面。     

基于双流体模型的液氢流动沸腾数值模拟

基于双流体模型,建立了液氢管内流动沸腾的数值模型,在液体Reynolds数67000～660000、壁面热通量16300～317800 W/m²、饱和温度22～29 K、入口过冷度0～8 K的范围内,对管径5.95和6.35 mm的圆管内液氢流动沸腾开展了数值模拟研究,并与试验结果进行了对比。对比显示,液氢流动沸腾传热系数的模拟结果与试验数据的平均误差（MAE）为7.79%,94%的模拟数据都在±20%误差带范围内。     

气液固三相湍流流动的E/E/L模型与模拟

采用基于双流体模型与粒子分散模型相结合的方法 ,建立了一个用于描述气液固三相湍流流动的Eulerian/Eulerian/Lagrangian模型 (简称E/E/L模型 ) .在Euler坐标系中考虑了气液两相 ,利用双流体模型来表述气液两相的相互关系 ;同时在Lagrange坐标系中考察了颗粒的运动 ,并把颗粒对气液两相的影响耦合于双流体模型中 .以流化床内气液固三相湍流流动为例进行的数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好 .所提出的模型及其模拟具有很好的准确性和可靠性 ,为研究气液固三相湍流流动提供了一种新的途径     

真空循环精炼过程中钢液流动的数学模拟:流动的数学模型

考虑到RH过程的物理特性,特别是上升管内气液两相流的行为和两相间的动量传输,建立了该精炼过程中整个装置内钢液流动的三维数学模型.在该模型中,将钢包,插入管和真空室视为一个整体,基于双流体模型处理和描述了气液两相流,并采用了特殊修正的k-ε双方程模型.给出了该模型的有关细节.     

高压流体过冷流动沸腾的数值模拟

在二流体模型基础上,采用RPI模型计算加热壁面的相间质量传输,对竖直圆管内高压流体过冷沸腾流动过程进行数值模拟.研究发现:壁面温度沿流动方向有明显拐点.根据壁温变化趋势可以判断,转折点位置即为过冷沸腾起始点;管内流体速度的增长曲线并不是简单单调递增的过程,而是速度增长由刚开始的缓慢上升到急剧上升,与空泡份额的分布曲线相...     

高压高过冷度下过冷流动沸腾数值模拟

采用双流体模型对高压高过冷度下垂直圆管中水的过冷流动沸腾进行了数值模拟。通过对比不同气泡直径模型,揭示了气泡直径对于壁面传热方式的影响,确定了适合高压工况的气泡直径模型。考察了压力及壁面热通量对流动及传热特性的影响。计算结果表明,压力增加气泡脱离直径减小,单相对流传热所占比例增加,表面传热系数减小。高压高过冷度特征决定了气泡相分布极不均匀,随着热通量的增加,壁面附近容易形成气泡的密集,对过冷流动沸腾中的传热特性有重要影响。     

制冷工质流动沸腾数值模拟中源项模型的研究进展

作为描述流动沸腾过程物理现象的核心,源项在流动沸腾的数值模拟研究中起着至关重要的作用,主要体现在：①反映流动沸腾过程的传热、传质机理;②描述沸腾传热、两相流动特征;③影响数值计算稳定性。源项模型的准确性、适用性及稳定性对于制冷工质流动沸腾机理的数值研究具有重要意义。本文通过文献综述的方法,对现有源项模型进行了梳理。首先从源项在数值模拟中的角色入手,对现有针对流动沸腾数值模拟的源项模型进行归纳;其后分别从纯工质、混合工质两方面对源项模型的研究进展进行具体综述,分析了典型模型（如动力学模型、标量场模型、扩散模型等）的优缺点;同时对源项模型的典型验证方法进行系统总结,包括标准模型验证法、实验验证法。在此基础上,指出了流动沸腾数值模拟中源项模型的发展方向。     

鼓泡塔反应器气液两相流CFD数值模拟

对圆柱形鼓泡塔反应器内的气液两相流动进行了三维瞬态数值模拟,模拟的表观气速范围为0.02～0.30 m•s^-1; 模拟采用了双流体模型,并耦合了气泡界面密度单方程模型预测气泡尺寸,该模型考虑了气泡聚并与破碎对气泡尺寸的影响。液相湍流采用考虑气相影响的修正k-ε模型,两相间的动量传输仅考虑曳力作用。模拟获得了轴向气/液相速度分布、气含率分布、湍流动能分布以及气泡表面面积密度等,对部分模拟结果与实验值进行了定量比较,结果表明模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

基于MUSIG模型的竖直圆管内液氮过冷沸腾数值模拟研究(英文)

Multiple size group （MUSIG） model combined with a threedimensional twofluid model were em ployed to predict subcooled boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in a vertical upward tube. Based on the mechanism of boiling heat transfer, some important bubble model parameters were amended to be applicable to the modeling of liquid nitrogen. The distribution of different discrete bubble classes was demonstrated numerically and the distribu tion patterns of void fraction in the wallheated tube were analyzed. It was found that the average void fraction in creases nonlinearly along the axial direction with wall heat flux and it decreases with inlet mass flow rate and sub cooled temperature. The local void fraction exhibited a Ushape distribution in the radial direction. The partition of the wall heat flux along the tube was obtained. The results showed that heat flux consumed on evaporation is the leading part of surface heat transfer at the rear region of subcooled boiling. The turning point in the pressure drop curve reflects the instability of bubbly flow. Good agreement was achieved on the local heat transfer coefficient aalnst experimental measurements, which demonstrated the accuracy of the numerical model.     

Experimental Investigation and CFD Modeling of Hydrodynamic Parameters in a Pulsed Packed Column

In this work, a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and droplet population-balance model (DPBM) in the framework of Fluent was applied to simulate the drop-size distributions and flow fields in a pilot-plant liquid–liquid extraction pulsed packed column. The three-dimensional unsteady-state liquid–liquid flow was modeled using the Eulerian two-fluid equations in conjunction with the realizable k – ε turbulence model. The classes method (CM) was chosen for solving population-balance equations. Two models for breakage and coalescence, the models of Luo and Garthe, were used in the CFD code. The model was validated by comparing the simulated drop-size distributions and holdup with experimental measurements. After the validation of the model, the effects of the operating conditions (feed rates and pulsation) on the dispersed phase holdup and drop-size distributions were studied. The results of linked CFD-DPBM model and experiments revealed that the dispersed phase holdup was increased when the organic and aqueous flow rates increased and when the intensity of pulse was increased, the holdup increased. Increasing the dispersed and continuous feed rates caused the Sauter mean diameter of the drops decreased and when the intensity of pulse was increased, because of high droplets break up rate, the Sauter mean diameter decreased. Results of linked CFD-DPBM model show that the CFD-DPBM tool is able to predict hydrodynamic parameters in a pulsed packed column.     

Two-fluid modelling of the rewetting and refilling of hot horizontal tubes

This paper deals with the use of a two-fluid model for predicting the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the rewetting and refilling of hot horizontal tubes. The two-fluid model equations were simplified and solved using an explicit finite difference scheme. A set of constitutive equations is used for closure. A new film boiling model and a model for evaluating the rate of latent to total heat in film boiling were incorporated in the two-fluid model. A newly proposed rewetting criterion, based on vapour film collapse, was used to mark the end of the film boiling regime. The model is capable of predicting the rewetting and refilling process in horizontal tubes under conditions of stratified or inverted annular refilling flow. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.     

加热上升管内过冷流动沸腾数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学（CFD）程序CFX4.4对加热上升管内过冷流动沸腾工况下气水两相流动局部两相流参数（空泡份额和汽泡尺寸）进行了数值模拟。对数值差分方法、相关模型（界面力和气泡诱导的紊流）和汽泡尺寸进行了敏感性分析。空泡份额分布计算结果与实验结果比较表明,在低空泡份额工况下,两者符合较好,在高空泡份额工况下两者存在一定偏差,并且气相速度和汽泡尺寸的计算结果不理想。计算结果与实验结果之间的差异说明程序模型对于加热上升管内过冷流动沸腾模拟并不完善,建立更为合理的汽泡尺寸模型,考虑汽泡的合并和撕裂是必要的。     

直流蒸汽发生器蒸干及蒸干后传热数值分析

准确预测直流蒸汽发生器流动沸腾及蒸干对其设计、安全可靠运行极其重要。通过对B&W公司直流蒸汽发生器进行合理简化,引入两流体三流场数学模型及壁面热通量分区模型,分别进行基于常热通量和耦合传热的蒸汽发生器流动沸腾数值模拟。结果表明：蒸干发生时传热性能急剧下降,常热通量边界下壁温升高的幅度相当大（约300 K·m^-1）,而耦合传热边界下壁温飞升幅度约为25 K·m^-1,与实际情形相一致;两种热边界中预热区会发生过冷沸腾,壁面处传热由液相对流换热、淬火换热和蒸发换热3部分构成,核态沸腾区蒸发换热为主要换热方式,同时伴随着液相对流换热和淬火换热,蒸干发生时淬火换热和蒸发换热全部降到0,在蒸干后传热区域换热方式为气相对流换热。     

液氮过冷沸腾空泡份额分布规律的研究

为了分析低温流体在过冷沸腾中的相分布特性,对液氮在竖直圆管内的过冷沸腾过程进行了CFD数值模拟。通过修正气泡参量模型和改变过程的操作参数,系统地分析了空泡份额在加热上升管内的分布情况。结果表明,气液相间的热质传递决定着空泡份额的分布,截面平均空泡份额沿轴向非线性递增,沿径向呈U形分布。轴向截面平均空泡份额随着热流密度的增大而增大,随着入口质量流率和过冷度的增大而减小。     

CFD study of droplet atomisation using a binary nozzle in fluidised bed coating

An Eulerian–Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was built to describe two-fluid atomisation in a tapered fluidised bed coater using the air-blast/air-assisted atomiser model. Atomisation was modelled both with and without the inclusion of the solid phase (i.e. gas–liquid and gas–solid–liquid multiphase modelling). In addition, a multi-fluid flow model (Eulerian–Eulerian framework) combined with a population balance model was used as an alternative approach for modelling the spray produced by a two-fluid nozzle. In this approach, the CFD solver couples the population balance equation along with the Navier–Stokes equations for predicting the droplet diameter and mass fraction distribution. Comparison between simulated spray pattern (gas–liquid model) and that experimentally visualised by means of UV illumination was made and a good agreement was obtained. Parametric studies were done in order to investigate the effects of operating conditions on spray cone and liquid mass fraction inside the reactor. Furthermore, comparison of time-averaged fluidised bed behaviour with the inclusion of sprays obtained by both gas–solid–liquid multiphase modelling methods is presented.     

Population balance modelling for bubbly flows with heat and mass transfer

Population balance equations combined with a three-dimensional two-fluid model are employed to predict bubbly flows with the presence of heat and mass transfer processes. Subcooled boiling flow belongs to this specific category of bubbly flows is considered. The MUSIG (MUltiple-SIze-Group) model implemented in CFX4.4 is further developed to account for the wall nucleation and condensation in the subcooled boiling regime. Comparison of model predictions against local measurements near the test channel exit is made for the radial distribution of the bubble Sauter diameter, void fraction, interfacial area concentration and gas and liquid velocities covering a range of different mass and heat fluxes and inlet subcooling temperatures. Additional comparison was also performed against existing boiling model in CFX4.4 and the modified model developed in our previous work (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 1197). Good agreement is better achieved with the local radial bubble Sauter diameter, void fraction, interfacial area concentration and liquid velocity profiles against measurements using the newly formulated MUSIG boiling model over the simpler boiling models. However, significant weakness of the model is still evidenced in the prediction of the vapour velocity. Work is in progress to circumvent the deficiency of the model by the consideration of additional momentum equations or an algebraic slip model to account for bubble separation.