碳纳米豆荚内C60分子的振荡行为

近年来C60分子与碳纳米豆荚组成的碳纳米豆荚的高频振荡行为受到了学术界的广泛关注,并有望在振荡器元器件等领域获得潜在应用。本工作基于分子动力学模拟方法,结合碳-碳多体势函数和Lennard Jones对势函数,对碳纳米豆荚中C60分子的振荡行为进行了模拟研究,并分别讨论了碳纳米管长度、直径及轴向预应力对碳纳米豆荚振荡性能的影响。研究结果表明,C60分子受到其与碳管间的长程范德华力及滑动摩擦力的作用,沿碳纳米管轴线方向做周期性往复振荡运动。碳纳米管长度和直径的增加均会导致C60分子振荡频率单调减小,且存在一个振荡发生的临界直径下限值;由于范德华力相互作用的影响,当直径较大时,C60分子将发生偏心振动,振荡轨迹偏离碳管轴线而贴近一侧管壁。轴向预应力对C60分子的振荡行为也有明显影响:随轴向拉伸预应力的增加,C60分子振荡频率单调减小;当轴向预应力为压应力时,C60分子振荡频率的衰减为分段线性模式,在越过临界压应力后急剧下降。这些研究结果将对基于碳纳米豆荚的高频振荡元器件的开发提供有益的指导与参考。     

一种高性能横向接触式微机械RF开关的分析与设计

设计了一种新型横向接触式微机械RF开关,描述了其结构和工作原理．采用以电镀为主的工艺流程,并利用SU8光刻胶实现特殊器件结构,可实现Post-CMOS集成．利用模拟软件CoventorWare 2004和MEMS Pro 5．0（包含ANSYS8．0）协同设计,对该器件进行了静态、模态和瞬态分析,得到吸合电压和吸合时间等重要性能参数．尤其在瞬态分析时运用了集总参数建模的方法,简化了计算．该器件的吸合电压低于30V,在驱动电压为50V的情况下,吸合时间达到16．1ms．     

镀镍碳纳米管的微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径40nm～70nm,内径7nm～10nm,长度50μm～1000μm,呈直线型,用化学镀法在碳纳米管表面镀上了一层均匀的金属镍。碳纳米管吸波涂层在厚度为0.97mm时,在8GHz～18GHz,最大吸收峰在11.4GHz(R=-22.89dB),R<-10dB的频宽为3.0Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.7GHz。镀镍碳纳米管吸波涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰在14GHz(R=-11.85dB),R<-10dB的频宽为2.23Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.6GHz。碳纳米管表面镀镍后虽然吸收峰值变小,但吸收峰有宽化的趋势,这种趋势对提高材料的吸波性能是有利的。碳纳米管作为偶极子在电磁场的作用下,会产生耗散电流,在周围基体作用下,耗散电流被衰减,从而雷达波能量被转换为其它形式的能量。     

多壁碳纳米管电磁参数的研究和吸波性能模拟

系统地研究了不同管径类型的多壁碳纳米管在2～18GHz的电磁参数性能,结果表明多壁碳纳米管没有磁性,而且磁损耗也很小;部分碳管的介电常数实部和虚部随管径的增大而增大,而随频率的增加而减小,20～40nm和40～60nm的CNTs在一定频段范围内介电常数的虚部大于实部,使得其损耗角正切大于1,有利于吸波性能的提高.同时对其吸波性能进行了计算机模拟和分析,结果表明,在2～18GHz范围内,当吸波层厚度设为1mm时,20～40nm的碳管复合物在10dB以上频宽可以达到7GHz,最大损耗峰出现在12.4GHz上,对应值为16.52dB,为实现吸波涂层的"宽、薄、轻"具有一定的理论指导意义.     

碳纳米管负载铂金颗粒的微观形貌表征

以碳纳米管负载粒径小于10 nm的铂金纳米颗粒为研究对象,采用热场发射扫描电镜表征其微观形貌,探讨不同的探测器和加速电压对样品成像效果的影响。结果表明,对于同一种探测器,低加速电压测试条件下可获得比较清晰的样品表面细节;在加速电压为1 kV时,使用SE2和InLens探测器无法观测到碳纳米管表面负载的铂金纳米颗粒,而使用ESB探测器可以清晰观察到粒径为3～10 nm的铂金颗粒在碳纳米管上的分布情况。     

多壁碳纳米管在硫酸溶液中的γ辐射剪切

在硫酸溶液中系统地研究了γ辐射法剪切多壁碳纳米管,以及影响碳管长度的反应条件,详细讨论了多壁碳纳米管的剪切机理.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和Raman光谱对短多壁碳纳米管进行了分析与表征,分析了多壁碳纳米管浓度与其对UV270nm吸光度的关系,得出了多壁碳纳米管质量浓度与其对UV270nm吸光度的线性回归方程.结果表明,γ辐射和硫酸氧化作用在剪切多壁碳纳米管的过程中存在协同效应.随着辐射剂量和酸浓度的增加,剪切后的碳管长度不断缩短.当辐射剂量增加到200kGy、酸浓度为5mol/L时,短多壁碳纳米管长度为200～300nm.辐射剪切的方法在碳纳米管外侧及末端引进C-OH、-COOH等官能团,从而对MWNTs的石墨型结构造成微弱损伤.另外,制备的短多壁碳管在水中可以均匀分散2周而不出现沉淀.     

直梁结构光栅光调制器的机电特性分析与实验

介绍了直梁光栅光调制器的结构和原理,建立了器件的机电模型．利用能量法和卡式第二定理分析并得到器件的弹性系数;通过静电力与机械回复力的平衡,得到器件的驱动电压．结合器件的实际参数值,计算得到器件的工作电压为10．71V,吸合电压为11．46V．实验测得器件的实际工作电压为10．5V,吸合电压为12．2V,实验结果与理论分析基本一致．在1kHz脉冲电压的驱动下,器件响应的上升时间和下降时间分别为46．59μs和44．77μs;器件的响应频率约为5kHz．结果表明,加工的直梁光栅光调制器具有较低的驱动电压和较高的响应频率,能够满足微投影显示的要求．     

复合同轴生物碳纳米管纤维制备方法

利用同轴静电纺丝方法制备碳纳米管/生物聚合物的"壳-芯"结构纤维,实验发现碳纳米管加入(质量分数)0.01%能很好与聚合物融为一体,纺出内外层均可以复合碳纳米管的复合纤维,外层直径最大4000 nm、内层为2000 nm,而最小外直径165 nm,外层壁厚为127 nm,控制方法比单轴静电纺丝复杂,电压提高有利于纤维直径减小,可达到几微米,但纺丝速率达到最大值有一个最佳电压范围,碳纳米管加入提高了纤维的热稳定性,拉伸提高纤维的结晶度。     

化学镀镍碳纳米管的制备及其电磁学和吸波性能研究

首先对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行纯化、敏化、活化预处理,然后利用化学镀方法在其表面沉积金属镍而制备出镀镍碳纳米管(M-CNTs)。SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD和DSC等综合表征结果表明,通过化学镀工艺,在CNTs表面均匀连续的镀覆了一层厚度约为20nm的非晶态镍镀层,且碳纳米管的分散性得到了改善,更有利于用于复合材料领域。原料碳纳米管和镀镍碳纳米管的电磁学性能的对比研究结果表明,M-CNTs的电导率较CNTs有所降低,这也间接反映了镍镀层在CNTs表面的形成;在4～18GHz内,M-CNTs的ε′、ε″、μ和μ″4个电磁参数均较CNTs均有所增加。在此基础上,进一步以M-CNTs为吸波剂,聚氨酯(PU)为粘结剂,制备了PU/M-CNTs吸波涂料,对其吸波性能的研究结果表明,PU/M-CNTs吸波涂料的吸波效果明显受涂层厚度影响,在1.0～2.0mm的范围内,随着涂层厚度的逐渐增大,其吸收峰逐渐向低频移动,且低频段的吸波效果得以加强,高频段的吸波效果有所减弱。     

晶须状碳纳米管沉积炉的数值模拟及实验研究

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS Fluent对生产晶须状碳纳米管的沉积炉进行数值模拟,采用k-ε双方程模型,及离散坐标(DO)辐射等模型,获得了沉积炉的温度场和速度场分布云图。经多次模拟得到制备工艺所要求的温度场,实际情况与模拟结果基本吻合。采用SEM、TEM、TG-DTA对在该温度下生产制备的多壁碳纳米管进行表征。结果表明:制备的多壁碳纳米管呈晶须状,具有中空管状结构,结晶程度高,曲率小且不杂乱聚团,外径尺寸在50~200nm之间,内径尺寸在3~10nm之间,长度在2~20μm之间;未经纯化处理的碳纳米管纯度为97%;沉积炉能够连续生产、效率高、产率较高,产率为0.77kg/h。     

时滞位置反馈对一类静电微传感器的吸合不稳定的控制研究

针对微结构在静电力作用下的吸合不稳定问题,考虑一类典型的单自由度静电驱动微传感器振动系统,将时滞位置反馈施加在系统的直流偏置电压上,研究引起微结构的动态吸合和吸合不稳定的系统参数条件,以及时滞反馈对吸合不稳定的抑制机理。运用Melnikov函数法得到时滞受控系统中引起结构吸合不稳定的交流电压的临界幅值。并基于时滞受控系统的安全域随控制参数的演变,定量上研究时滞反馈对吸合不稳定的控制。数值结果和理论分析均表明：在正的反馈增益系数和较小的时滞量下,时滞位置反馈能够有效地抑制静电驱动微结构的吸合不稳定现象。     

一类静电驱动微结构谐振传感器的吸合不稳定性研究及控制

本文以一类静电驱动微结构谐振传感器为研究对象,基于安全域思想研究了系统直流偏置电压和交流激     

Nonlinear nonlocal pull-in instability of boron nitride nanoswitches

In the present study, nonlinear pull-in instability of boron nitride nanoswitches (BNNSs) subjected to electrostatic and van der Waals (vdW) forces is investigated. Based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, von Kármán geometric nonlinearity, nonlocal piezoelasticity theory and the principle of virtual work, the governing equations are obtained. The differential quadrature method is employed to discretize the nonlinear governing equations, which are then solved by a direct iterative method to obtain the nonlinear pull-in and pull-out voltages for cantilever and fixed–fixed boundary conditions. A detailed parametric study is conducted to elucidate the influences of nonlocal parameter, vdW force, fringing field, beam length and gap distance on the behavior of the pull-in instability voltage. Numerical results indicate that the magnitude of the pull-in voltage increases with increase in the gap distance. Furthermore, as the effective gap distance increases, the pull-out voltage tends toward the electrostatically pull-out voltage.     

On the nonlinear dynamics of a piezoelectrically tuned micro-resonator based on non-classical elasticity theories

Size dependent static and dynamic behavior of a fully clamped micro beam under electrostatic and piezoelectric actuations is investigated. The microbeam is modeled under the assumptions of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Viscous damping and nonlinearities due to electrostatic actuation and mid-plane stretching are considered. Residual stress and fringing field effect are taken into account as well. Governing equation of motion is derived using Hamilton’s principle along with the strain gradient theory (SGT), which is a non-classical continuum theory capable of taking size effect of elastic materials into account. Reduced order model of the partial differential equations of the system is obtained using Galerkin method. Static deflection, pull-in voltage and the primary resonance of the microbeam are examined and the effect of piezoelectric voltage and its polarization on the size dependent static and dynamic response is studied. It is found that the piezoelectric voltage can effectively change the flexural rigidity of the system which in turn affects the pull-in instability regime. The effect of material length scale parameter is examined by comparing the results of the SGT with the modified couple stress (MCST) and classical theory (CT), both of which are special cases of the former. Comparison demonstrates that the CT underestimates the stiffness and consequently the pull-in voltage and overestimates the amplitude of periodic solutions. The difference between the results of classical and non-classical theories becomes more and more as the dimensions of the system gets close to the length scale parameter. Non-classical theories predict more realistic behaviors for the micro system. The results of this paper can be used in designing microbeam based MEMS devices.     

一种两端固支微开关梁的静力学分析模型

建立了一种两端固支微开关梁的静力变形分析模型,该模型将受电场力作用的两端固支微开关梁的受力变形分为三个阶段:梁受电场力作用、梁中点不受约束的变形阶段;梁受电场力作用、且梁中点变形受约束的变形阶段,即此时在梁的中点还要受到一支反力的作用;梁受电场力和一个附加支反力作用,并在梁的中间一段具有指定的位移和转角的变形阶段;在第二阶段中梁所受支反力的大小及第三阶段中梁所受支反力的大小和位置都与驱动电压有关。在实例中,设计了一种求解各未知量的迭代方法,并给出了部分计算结果,包括:梁中点挠度和驱动电压间的关系、梁中点挠度和梁中点弯矩间的关系、梁长对吸合电压影响、驱动电极长对吸合电压的影响等,从中可得出一些有益的结论。     

热电耦合场中压电粘弹性微梁的静力坍塌分析

基于粘弹性理论、欧拉-伯努利梁理论以及压电理论,在考虑微结构蠕变现象的情况下,建立了热电耦合场中压电粘弹性微梁的静力坍塌模型及控制方程,研究了压电粘弹性微梁的静力坍塌临界条件,计算和分析了压电层控制电压和温度等参数对微梁结构静力坍塌的影响。研究结果表明:持久坍塌电压可作为压电粘弹性微梁静力坍塌失稳的临界条件,并且温度和压电层控制电压均会对坍塌失稳的临界值造成影响。该文的研究可为MEMS中梁式微结构的设计与优化提供理论参考。     

Nonlocal problems in MEMS device control

Perhaps the most ubiquitous phenomena associated with electrostatically actuated MEMS devices is the `pull-in' voltage instability. In this instability, when applied voltages are increased beyond a certain critical voltage there is no longer a steady-state configuration of the device where mechanical members remain separate. This instability severely restricts the range of stable operation of many devices. Here, a mathematical model of an idealized electrostatically actuated MEMS device is constructed for the purpose of analyzing various schemes proposed for the control of the pull-in instability. This embedding of a device into a control circuit gives rise to a nonlinear and nonlocal elliptic problem which is analyzed through a variety of asymptotic, analytical, and numerical techniques. The pull-in voltage instability is characterized in terms of the bifurcation diagram for the mathematical model. Variations in various capacitive control schemes are shown to give rise to variations in the bifurcation diagram and hence to effect the pull-in voltage and pull-in distance.     

A coupled bending-torsion model for electrostatically actuated torsional nano/micro-actuators with considering influence of van der Waals force

In the current paper, a coupled two degree of freedom model which considers both bending and torsion of the supporting torsion beams is presented for electrostatically actuated torsional nano/micro-actuators under the effect of van der Waals (vdW) force. Newton’s second law is utilized for finding the normalized equations governing the static behavior of the actuator. The implict function theorem is then utilized for finding the equations governing the pull-in state of the actuator. The related results show that torsion model considerably overestimates the pull-in parameters of the nano/micro-actuator. The concept of the instability mode is introduced, and it is shown that when the ratio of the bending stiffness to the torsion stiffness of the supporting torsion beams is relatively low, the dominant instability mode of the actuator would be the bending mode and otherwise the dominant instability mode would be the torsion mode. It is also observed that the presence of the vdW force can significantly reduce the pull-in angle and pull-in deflection of the nano/micro-actuator. The presented results also show that the vdW force can lead to considerable reduction in the pull-in voltage of the actuator. The equilibrium behavior of the actuator is studied, and it is observed that the vdW force and also bending of the supporting torsion beams greatly reduce the maximum allowable voltage which can be applied to the actuator. Results of this paper can be used for successful design of electrostatically actuated torsional nano/micro-actuators where the size of the actuator is sufficiently small, and as a result, the vdW force plays a major role in the system.     

一类双边电容型微谐振器吸合不稳定及其时滞速度反馈控制

以一类典型的静电驱动双边电容型微谐振器为研究对象,基于全局分岔理论,研究微结构吸合不稳定的机理;在此基础上,在系统直流偏置电压上引入线性时滞速度反馈,对系统复杂动力学行为实施控制。通过引入独立参数,得出系统异宿轨道的精确解析表达,进而利用Melnikov方法预测微结构的异宿分岔条件,从而获得引起微结构吸合不稳定的交流电压阈值。数值算例与理论解析结果的吻合验证了时滞速度反馈控制能有效抑制该类双边电容型微结构吸合不稳定以及混沌等复杂动力学行为,该研究在优化控制微谐振器性能方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Pull-in instability of carbon nanotube-reinforced nano-switches considering scale,surface and thermal effects

In this paper, an analytical method is presented to investigate the effect of surface characteristic and temperature change on the pull-in instability of electrically actuated nano-switches reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on Eringen's nonlocal beam theory. An extremely nonlinear fourth-order governing equation for the doubly clamped nano-switches made of CNTs/Si composites nanobeam is derived and solved by using the principle of virtual work, where Van der Waals force as atomic interactions and Casimir force as macro effects of quantum field fluctuation of vacuum are combined as an electrostatic force with fringing field effects. The results show that both the pull-in voltage and pull-in deflection of CNTs/Si composite nanobeam increase with the increase of CNTs volume ratio but decrease with the increase of temperature change. The coupling influences of small scale parameter, geometric behavior, surface characteristic and thermal effect on the pull-in instability of electrostatically actuated CNTs/Si nanobeam are detailedly discussed.