从蔗糖滤泥中提取蔗蜡的初步研究

本文论述了甘蔗蜡的组成,性质和用途,并着重研究了以石油醚-乙醇混合溶液为提取剂,从蔗糖滤泥中提取蔗蜡的工艺,根据首次发表的精制蔗蜡红外光谱图,对蔗蜡的组成做了初步研究和讨论。     

环烷基白油光安定性研究

概述了影响环烷基白油光安定性的主要原因。采用了溶剂精制和络合精制组合方法,对白油光安定性进行了研究。实验结果表明,在络合剂4％,溶剂萃取的剂油比为6：1,反应温度80℃的条件下白油光安定性良好,满足白油的光安定性要求。初步研究结果表明：影响白油光安定性的主要原因是碱性氮化物。     

溶剂萃取在催化油浆组分分离中应用的研究进展

综述了溶剂脱沥青、溶剂精制、超临界流体萃取等3类溶剂萃取技术在催化油浆烃类组分分离中的研究进展,对不同溶剂萃取技术的分离原理以及在实际应用中的优势与不足进行了分析总结。指出溶剂萃取技术在未来应深入研究催化油浆化学组成及分子结构特点,加快多溶剂梯级萃取工艺的研究,强化组合分离工艺的开发。     

用非苯溶剂从稔子坪煤中萃取褐煤蜡

本文采用正交试验法考查了混合溶剂及工艺条件对褐煤蜡产率和质量的影响。试验结果表明：采用乙醇／汽油混合溶剂萃取褐煤蜡，能得到较高的粗蜡产率。     

黑龙江褐煤蜡化学成分及其质量研究

褐煤蜡是一种从褐煤中提取的矿物蜡,广泛应用于日用化工、精密铸造、造纸、印刷等领域。前期研究表明,相同生产工艺条件下,褐煤蜡化学成分会因其原料产地的不同呈现一定差异,从而使褐煤蜡表现出不同的物理化学性质。为对比研究我国褐煤蜡系列产品与国外对应产品的品质区别,文章利用气相色谱及气质联用法分别对我国黑龙江宝清和德国产褐煤粗蜡,脱脂蜡及精制蜡的化学成分进行了分析,结果显示:黑龙江宝清产粗蜡、脱脂蜡、精制蜡和德国相应产品的化学成分组成基本一致,但粗蜡和脱脂蜡中一些成分的含量略有差异,中药指纹图谱技术表明黑龙江宝清产精制蜡中化学成分及各成分含量与德国同类产品的无明显差异(相似度为0.988),说明我国黑龙江宝清产褐煤蜡系列产品与德国同类产品的品质基本一致。     

莠灭净在甘蔗及土壤中的残留分析及消解动态

[目的]通过田间试验,为莠灭净在甘蔗上安全合理使用提供依据。[方法]建立了莠灭净在甘蔗及土壤中的残留检测方法,并测定甘蔗及土壤中的消解动态和最终残留。[结果]测定方法的准确度和精密度符合残留检测要求,在甘蔗和土壤中半衰期分别为32.7~35.4、22.6~29.4 d;检测甘蔗植株、蔗梢、蔗茎及土壤中莠灭净的残留量均低于0.05 mg/kg。[结论]建立的检测方法准确可靠,甘蔗收获时残留量低于我国规定的最大允许残留量(MRL)。     

助剂过滤技术用于费托蜡精制过程的探讨

介绍了助剂过滤技术用于费托蜡精制的原理和工艺流程,从费托蜡的特性、过滤过程的操作条件、过滤机本身的特性三个方面探讨了影响费托蜡精制的主要因素,总结了费托蜡精制的主要操作条件,为工业生产提供了理论指导。     

催化裂化柴油溶剂萃取精制工艺的工业应用

简述了催化裂化柴油溶剂萃取精制工艺中原油田石化总厂的工业应用，结果表明，经过溶剂萃取精制后柴油的色度，氧化生等质量指标均可满足柴油新标准。     

重柴油脱蜡及石蜡精制

重柴油脱蜡及石蜡精制油品脱蜡和蜡的精制现都有较成熟的工艺，一些大型炼油厂对油品中的蜡质均能成功地进行脱除，并将脱除出来的蜡进行精制而生产出各种品级的合格产品。但现在有些乡镇小炼油厂利用落地油等原料，采用较简易的常压蒸馏方法，也炼制出了一些轻质燃烧油。...     

浅色褐煤蜡

一、绪言用有机溶剂从褐煤(或泥煤)提取的粗褐煤蜡。精制之后生产出浅色的蒙旦蜡。从而使粗蜡变成了有很大使用价值的浅色蜡。一般地讲,其加工方法是将具有复杂组份的粗蜡经脱树脂后漂白精制。再经化学处理而制得。     

Further Investigations on Cane Wax Refining and Bleaching

The crude wax from Egyptian sugar contains ash, which probably consists of soaps and phosphatides. After the inorganic material has been eliminated by heating with hydrochloric acid, a soft wax of higher acidity remains. The acid and the softer components of the wax may be readily distilled under low pressure in steam, leaving as a residue a hard dark wax, which is odourless, contains little acid material and is comparable with hard, dark waxes obtained by solvent process of refining. The distillates from the low pressure distillation are pale yellow-brown pastes. The effect of different chemical bleaching agents on bleaching of hard wax is reported. Chromic acid was found to be much superior to other bleaching agents examined. The hard wax obtained, whether from the low pressure refining or from solvent refining, are readily converted by this agent into pale hard, glossy waxes having high acid values.     

Separation of some paraffin wax grades using solvent extraction technique

Solvent extraction technique has been used to separate paraffin wax grades; with different characteristics; from El-Ameria light, middle and heavy slack waxes. The wax deoiling has been done by solvent extraction at different extraction temperatures and different solvent feed ratios (S/F by weight). The extraction solvents used are furfural, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N, dimethylacetamide (DMA). The wax products are evaluated according to TAPPI-ASTM equation and petroleum wax specifications. The data revealed that DMA and NMP are suitable extracting solvents for isolating of semi- and scale-refined grades of paraffin waxes from light and middle slack waxes. But furfural solvent can separate only semi-microcrystalline waxes from heavy slack wax.     

Wax composition of sunflower seed oils

Waxes are natural components of sunflower oils, consisting mainly of esters of FA with fatty alcohols, that are partially removed in the winterization process during oil refining. The wax composition of sunflower seed as well as the influence of processing on the oil wax concentration was studied using capillary GLC. Sunflower oils obtained by solvent extraction from whole seed, dehulled seed, and seed hulls were analyzed and compared with commercial crude and refined oils. The main components of crude sunflower oil waxes were esters having carbon atom numbers between 36 and 48, with a high concentration in the C₄₀−C₄₂ fraction. Extracted oils showed higher concentrations of waxes than those obtained by pressing, especially in the higher M.W. fraction, but the wax content was not affected significantly by water degumming. The hull contribution to the sunflower oil wax content was higher than 40 wt%, resulting in 75 wt % in the crystallized fraction. The oil wax content could be reduced appreciably by hexane washing or partial dehulling of the seed. Waxes in dewaxed and refined sunflower oils were mainly constituted by esters containing fewer than 42 carbon atoms, indicating that these were mostly soluble and remained in the oil after processing.     

减五线脱蜡油NMP精制与糠醛精制研究

用沈北、大庆混合脱蜡油为原料,进行NMP溶剂精制和糠醛溶剂精制的对比研究。在实验确定了NMP和糠醛溶剂与减五线脱蜡油临界溶解度曲线的基础上,NMP精制采用正交设计法考察溶剂比、溶剂含水量及抽提温度等因素的影响,糠醛精制主要考察了剂油比和抽提温度的影响,采用多元二次回归方程式回归了精制油收率及质量与操作因素的关系,用非线性回归确定出满足粘度指数≥95的要求,收率最大的适宜操作条件。NMP精制最优操作条件为:剂油体积比4.0,抽提温度60℃,溶剂含水量0%,在此操作条件下,精制油的收率为63%;糠醛精制最优操作条件为:剂油比4.5(V/V),抽提温度110℃,此条件下精制油的收率为52%。说明NMP溶剂相对糠醛溶剂具有良好的溶解能力及选择性。     

Rice brain oil. I. Oil obtained by solvent extraction

1. Freshly milled rice bran has been extracted with commercial hexane and the recovered oil and extracted meal examined for their respective content of wax. The oils were refined and bleached by standards as well as several special methods. The crude, caustic soda refined, and several refined and bleached oils were examined spectrophotometrically.
2. When freshly milled rice bran of good quality is extracted with commercial hexane, an oil of relatively low free fatty acid content is obtained. This oil possesses good color and is as stable as other similar types of crude oils.
3. If the oils is extracted from the brain at a temperature below about 10°C. and the extraction is discontinued at the right time, the extracted oil represents 90–95% of the total lipids in the brain and contains very little wax. This wax, which is readily extracted with hot commercial hexane as well as other types of solvents, amounts to about 3–9% of the total extractable lipids.
4. When subjected to ordinary caustic soda refining methods, good rice brain oils behave much like cottonseed oils of comparable free fatty acid content. Both caustic soda refining in a hydrocarbon solvent and refining with sodium carbonate result in refining losses approximating the absolute or Wesson loss.
5. Some of the refined oils when bleached according to usual practice produce products acceptable for use in the edible trade. However, refined rice bran oil has a definitely greenish cast resulting from the presence of chlorophyll, but this color can be removed by bleaching with a small amount of activated acidic clay.

     

Production of lubricating base oil from slop wax by different subsequent refining techniques

Different subsequent refining techniques including solvent dewaxing and solvent extraction have been used to produce lubricating base oil from slop wax waste by-product. The solvent dewaxing technique was performed using two different solvent mixtures of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene with and without benzene at different dilution solvent ratios and at different dewaxing temperatures. The solvent extraction technique was carried out using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent at 90 °C and at constant dilution solvent ratio of 3:1 by weight. The resulting data revealed that the highest yield of lubricating base oil having the lowest pour point (−6 °C) and the highest iso- and cyclo-paraffins to n-paraffins ratio (5.11) is obtained by solvent dewaxing process only. While the lowest yield of lubricating base oil having the highest pour point (−1 °C) and the lowest iso- and cyclo-paraffins to n-paraffins ratio (4.08) is obtained using solvent dewaxing followed by solvent extraction process. These lubricating base oil products, especially the one that having the lowest pour point (−6 °C) matches the principal characteristics of AX 973853 type of premium low viscosity textile machinery oils obtained by Mobile Velocite Oil Company.     

Separation and Analysis of Wax from Egyptian Sugar Cane Filter Press Cake

Waxes from filter press cake of the by-product of the Sugar Cane Industry gained from various Egyptian Cane Sugar Factories were studied. A method for continuous extraction of wax filter cake using different solvent i. e. toluene, naphtha, acetone, fractionated gasoline, denatured and refined alcohol was investigated. The speed and ease of extraction using different solvents were compared. By using toluene as solvent the highest percentage of crude wax was obtained from Edfu, which gave 14.55%, while extraction with refined alcohol produced 12.65% crude wax from Qus. Decolorization of crude wax was carried out by sodium hypochlorite, nitric acid, chlorine, sulphur dioxide and acetone. The pure wax was separated from the fatty oil fraction by fractional crystallization from 70° to 0° C. The greater portion of wax can be obtained at 30° C. Hard, brittle wax was obtained between 45° to 20° C. The crude and refined waxes had properties comparable to carnauba wax and other commercial waxes. The Egyptian cane sugar waxes can be utilized in paper, ink, coating, varnishes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and fertilizer industries.     

润滑油双溶剂精制的实验成果

通过对糠醛、糠醛与环氧氯丙烷的混合溶剂分别在不同温度、不同剂油比和不同溶剂比时 ,对润滑油馏分进行溶剂抽提精制 ,实验表明 ,糠醛与环氧氯丙烷以 1:1的体积比混合时得到的双溶剂在精制过程中有很大的优势。此双溶剂可以在低于糠醛精制温度 2 5℃以下进行抽提精制 ,精制油粘度指数提高了 4～ 6 ,收率提高了 1%～ 3% ,而且精制效果比糠醛更好。不仅温度降低了 ,而且降低了精制过程和溶剂回收过程的能耗与剂耗。     

Miscella refining test method for the determination of cottonseed oil color

Most of the cottonseed oil mills in the United States have already converted to expander solvent extraction and miscella refining. This practice permits mills to produce and market a consistently light-colored, prime bleachable summer yellow cottonseed oil at reduced cost and refining loss. A laboratory-scale miscella refining test was developed to asses the oil quality in terms of its color. The test involves the addition of 3 parts oleic acid per 100 parts of crude oil in the miscella followed by refining with 2.5 parts NaOH when crude oil contains less than 4.5% free fatty acid (FFA). When crude oil contains FFA between 4.5 and 7.5%, no oleic acid is added prior to refining with 2.5 parts NaOH. When crude oil contains FFA higher than 7.5%, no oleic acid is added and the caustic addition table in American Oil Chemists' Society Method Ca 9a-52 is followed. The test was conducted at room temperature and gave reproducible colors comparable to commercially refined oils.     

生物油的性质及其分离研究进展

综述了蒸馏、萃取、层析、膜分离、超临界萃取等技术在生物油分离方面的研究进展情况。介绍了常减压蒸馏主要用于生物油的粗分,且受到生物油热敏性的限制;分子蒸馏在生物油的分离方面具有一定的优势。溶剂萃取存在着萃取剂与被萃组分分离困难的缺点,且萃取选择性较差;选择或设计具有特定结构的化合物与生物油中的某种或某些组分作用,进而将其萃取分离是未来的一个研究方向;色谱分离可以高效地将生物油的主要成分分离出来,但吸附量小,适合于生物油成分的定量分析和高附加值化合物的提取与纯化。超临界CO2萃取可有效地克服生物油的热敏性,无需反萃,具有潜在的开发优势。开展生物油分离的基础性研究和多种技术的集成化是未来的重要研究方向。