单轴条件下毕节红黏土的强度破坏试验研究

基于红黏土的成因及结构性特征,对毕节红黏土原状土与扰动重塑进行无侧限抗压强度试验,整理分析试验结果。结果表明:单轴条件下原状土与重塑土的应力应变关系曲线有较大差异,原状样多为应变软化型、重塑样为硬化型;原状样的峰值强度高于重塑样,且由于干缩裂缝的产生,在低于某含水量时,原状试样强度突降,重塑样强度随着含水量增加而降低。     

单轴条件下毕节红黏土的力学特性及灵敏度

为研究毕节红黏土的力学特性及结构性,进行了基本物理指标的测试,通过制备原状样、重塑样,测定了不同含水量红黏土的无侧限抗压强度,分析了差异及原因;根据试验数据定义了等应变灵敏度,对比分析了两种灵敏度的差异,总结了等应变灵敏度与含水量之间的对应关系。研究结果表明:原状红黏土的无侧限抗压强度比重塑土高得多,原状样的应力应变曲线具有明显的转折点,重塑样的应力应变曲线大都呈硬化型,二者的破坏形态具有较大差异;等应变灵敏度在反映含水量变化对红黏土结构性影响方面具有合理性。     

灵敏性粉土的压缩及触变特性研究

山西汾河一级阶地的饱和粉土大多具有灵敏性,使得其强度和变形性质在扰动前后差别很大。为了研究灵敏性粉土的压缩及触变特性,对探井取样的原状土和重塑土样进行了一维固结压缩试验和无侧限抗压强度试验。试验结果表明,原状土加载到结构屈服应力处,沉降量突增,固结系数突增,主固结比突降,次固结对沉降的贡献开始上升;原状土与重塑土的差异是原状土的结构强度引起的,在高压固结压力下两者压缩曲线约在0.58e₀处重合;灵敏土无侧限抗压强度试验的应力应变曲线表现出类似超固结土的应变软化特性,其触变后恢复具有时效性,弹性模量受扰动影响较为敏感,可考虑作为扰动指标的量度。     

黄土的非饱和特征参数与结构性的试验研究

黄土既有非饱和性,又有结构性。本文首先在控制基质吸力条件下进行了原状黄土和重塑黄土的非饱和直接剪切试验,分析了两种结构性状非饱和土的基质吸力对净应力强度指标,Fredlund抗剪强度公式中参数b,以及Bishop抗剪强度公式中参数χ的影响。表明两种土的黏聚力随基质吸力的增大而增大,b和χ均随基质吸力的增大而减小;在相同基质吸力条件下,原状黄土的黏聚力、b和χ均大于重塑黄土。其次,通过无侧限抗压强度试验,测试了不同含水量原状黄土、重塑黄土和饱和黄土的单轴抗压强度,得到了不同含水量下原状黄土和重塑黄土的构度值。最后,探讨了非饱和黄土的构度与基质吸力、净应力强度指标、参数b和χ之间的关系。     

直剪试验下保山地区黏土抗剪强度分析

为研究保山地区黏土原状条件与重塑条件下,土体的抗剪强度指标,运用ZJ型应变控制式直剪仪进行试验,试验结果表明原状土样的抗剪强度具有不稳定的特点,同一区间含水率条件下原状土样的抗剪强度变化离散性大;重塑土抗剪强度中,粘聚力C对抗剪强度的影响占主导地位。     

相同剪切波速的原状与重塑饱和松散粉土的抗液化强度

采用剪切波速与振动三轴联合试验装置,研究了具有松散结构的原状和重塑饱和粉土抗液化强度之间的相关性。结果表明,具有松散结构的原状与重塑饱和土样的振动应变随振动次数的变化趋势是一致的。如果把重塑饱和土样的初始剪切波速恢复到原状饱和土样的初始剪切波速,重塑土样的抗液化强度也被恢复到原状土样的抗液化强度。此时,原状与重塑土样的抗液化强度与抗液化强度曲线之间的相关系数大于0.89,而且这种良好的相关性与确定破坏振次的液化判别标准无关。这里的研究结果支持饱和松散试验土样的初始剪切波速可以作为控制其抗液化强度的一个关键参数。     

用圆锥试验确定粘性土性质指标的新方法

本文用圆锥试验和常规试验对原状土和重塑土的物理力学性质进行了大量的对比试验,根据这些试验成果提出了确定粘性土性质指标的新法。这个方法十分简捷,一个试验人员在一小时内可完成一个土样的液限、塑限、天然稠度、渡性指数、灵敏度等试验,并得出原状土和重塑土的无侧限抗压强度和不排水抗剪强度。如果采用常规试验,将要许多天才能完成。此外,本文还分析了圆锥入土深度和抗剪强度之间的关系,并给出了液塑限和不同稠度的抗剪强度。     

武汉地区老黏性土的结构性试验研究

武汉老黏性土是一种结构性强、超固结、裂隙节理发育的硬塑黏土。从武汉市汉阳某基坑取得原状土样,进行一维固结试验、无侧限抗压试验和常规三轴不排水剪等试验,然后制备重塑土样做对比测试,以揭示老黏性土的结构性。对比相同条件下的三轴试验结果发现:重塑土的黏聚力明显低于原状土,剪切过程中原状土试样普遍表现为应变软化而重塑试样则为应变硬化;原状样比重塑样更容易出现剪胀现象,并且原状土样在较低围压下固结时,其剪切后期均出现负孔隙水压力,表现出明显的剪胀现象。     

不同结构膨胀土卸荷后剪切性状试验研究

膨胀土是一种具有显微裂隙构造的超固结粘土,其特殊的结构对卸荷工程稳定性的影响是不可忽视的,为了研究卸荷对不同土体结构的膨胀土的作用效果,研制了一套可以控制制样压力的气压式制样系统,并运用该系统制备了不同前期固结压力的重塑土样,通过常规三轴试验对比研究了经历应力卸荷后的重塑土和原状土的应力应变关系、抗剪强度指标以及剪切破坏模式。试验结果表明:相同围压下,原状土的不排水强度要比重塑土不排水强度大得多,经历卸荷后原状土和重塑土的强度均大幅下降;重塑土的卸荷抗剪强度指标中的粘聚力与其前期固结压力呈线性相关关系,而内摩擦角则近似相等;不同前期固结压力原状土的卸荷抗剪强度指标中粘聚力和内摩擦角则均较为相近。     

非饱和结构性黄土的强度特性试验研究

黄土既有非饱和性,又有结构性。首先在控制基质吸力的条件下进行了原状黄土与重塑黄土的非饱和直接剪切试验,分析了两种结构性状非饱和土的基质吸力对净应力强度指标、Fredlund抗剪强度公式中参数b、以及Bishop抗剪强度公式中参数的影响。表明两种土的黏聚力随基质吸力的增大而增大,b和均随基质吸力的增大而减小;在相同基质吸力条件下,原状黄土的黏聚力、b和均大于重塑黄土。其次,通过无侧限抗压试验,测试了不同含水率原状黄土、重塑黄土和饱和黄土的单轴抗压强度,得到了不同含水率下原状黄土和重塑黄土的构度值。最后,探讨了非饱和黄土的构度与基质吸力、净应力强度指标、参数b和之间的关系。得到非饱和黄土的b和值随构度分别有单调的变化规律;相同构度值条件下,原状黄土的b和值均大于重塑黄土的值,反映了两种非饱和土结构性状的差异。     

掺砂红土的力学特性及掺砂机理研究

通过对不同掺砂比例的红土进行液塑限、击实、无侧限抗压强度、直剪和扫描电镜等试验的对比研究,明确了不同掺砂比例对红土的含水性、击实性、强度等力学特性以及微结构特征的影响.试验结果表明:红土掺砂后,可以显著降低红土的液塑限、塑性指数和最优含水率,提高最大干密度、无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度.随着掺砂比例的增加,掺砂红土的液塑限...     

土的自适应应力认识与研究

设计了一种0K状态不同等应变或等应力速率连续对土样轴向加载的单轴固结试验方案,该试验方案可让土样同时经受不同荷重率、应力历时、应力路径、应力历程的作用。经过对重塑饱和黄土的单轴连续加荷、三轴连续加荷、分级加荷单轴固结试验研究,结果表明:若定义土在单轴压缩不同侧向约束条件下反应的侧压力为自适应应力;单轴侧限压缩试验主动施加的竖向压力与实测的侧向土压力之差为土的自适应剪应力,除了不受孔隙水压力的影响外,更重要的是,实测与分析结果证明,土的单轴侧限压缩应变量与自定义的自适应剪应力具有唯一的影响关系。     

Characterization of a Cohesive Soil Bed using a Cone Pressuremeter

A new cone pressuremeter has been developed at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-Pakistan. The new device is called the Akbar Pressuremeter (APMT). This paper is based on the APMT testing of a cohesive soil deposit comprised of low plastic lean clay (CL) to sandy silty clay (CL-ML). The APMT testing, using a full-displacement technique, standard penetration tests and undisturbed samples, was carried out at two locations. The soil strength and type were determined using the undisturbed samples. The applied pressure-cavity strain curves of the APMT tests performed at different levels were analysed to determine soil strength and stiffness. The undrained shear strength of the undisturbed samples was determined in the laboratory by unconfined compression tests. This paper provides a comparison of the parameters interpreted from the pressuremeter and those determined from other field and laboratory methods.     

High-Strengthening of Cement-Treated Clay by Mechanical Dehydration

A technique called the cement-mixing and mechanical dehydration method (CMD) as one of recycling techniques for soft clay slurry is developed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the CMD for increasing the strength of soft clay, a series of unconfined compression tests and several durability tests were performed together with the literature review of unconfined compressive strength in cement-treated soils. Moreover, a series of constant strain rate consolidation tests were also performed to evaluate the effects of cement content and dehydration speed on the permeability of cement-treated clay. The following conclusions are obtained: 1) Literature review and theoretical considerations on the shear strength of cement-treated soils show that an additional treatment for the purpose of increasing the density of cement-treated specimen is effective for increasing the shear strength of cement-treated soil. 2) The mechanical dehydration of soft clay with high pressure is accelerated by cement mixing, where the coefficient of consolidation of cement-treated clay increases as the cement content increases. 3) The high-strength specimen having the unconfined compressive strength of more than 20 MPa can be created from soft clay treated by the CMD with the cement content of over 20% and the dehydration pressure of 20 MPa.     

Estimation of In-Situ Undrained Strength of Soft Soil Deposits by use of Unconfined Compression Test with Suction Measurement

Unconfined compression tests have been widely used in Japan for the purpose of determining undrained strengths of clay samples, but the unconfined compressive strengths are usually scattered even if specimens tested seem to have been subjected to the same stress history. This is due to the characteristic of the test itself, which is performed under unstable confining stress given by capillary pressure of the sample itself. In order to make clear the cause of scattering of measured strengths, three series of tests simulating the process from sampling to unconfined and triaxial compression tests on saturated soil samples are performed with three remolded and three undisturbed clays together with an undisturbed peat, and the influence of stress release and mechanical disturbance of the test specimen on the undrained strength is examined. Based on the test results, a practical method for estimating the in-situ undrained strength of soft soils from the results of a routine unconfined compression (UC) test together with suction measurement is proposed. From comparisons of the undrained strength profiles estimated by the proposed method with the strength profiles obtained by in-situ sounding test, it is found that the strength obtained by UC test can be reasonably corrected to estimate the in-situ undrained strength of soft soil deposits.     

黄土剪切应变硬化-软化分类试验研究

通过对不同方向的原状黄土和不同密度及含水率的重塑黄土的室内剪切试验,较为系统地研究了黄土在不同类型荷载作用下的破坏特点及规律性。结果表明:黄土轴向压缩破坏类型可分为强软化型、一般软化型、弱软化型、一般硬化型、弱硬化型、强硬化型,E-B模型能很好地反映硬化类型材料的应力一应变特性,通过对E-B模型进行推导,得出依据应力一应变曲率进行判别硬化程度的新方法。根据软化类型黄土峰值应力过后的斜率不同,提出了依据峰值应力后斜率判别黄土软化程度的新方法。工程中黄土理想含水率应低于15%。研究结果对黄土强度特性的理解具有一定的参考意义。     

Sample Disturbance Effects on Undrained Shear Strengths—Study from Takuhoku Site,Sapporo—

The effects of sample disturbance on undrained shear strength were investigated from samples with various qualities, retrieved by different types of samplers at the Takuhoku site, Sapporo. Sample quality was evaluated by three types of shear tests: unconfined compression, fall cone and triaxial recompression tests. Similar to a previous study conducted by Horng et al. (2010), in which the sample quality was evaluated by two nondestructive tests, the residual effective stress (suction) by ceramic disc and the shear modulus by bender element under unconfined conditions, the present study shows that the small edge angle of a tube sampler is important to obtain high quality sample. In addition, the existence of a piston does not have a significant effect on the strength properties. The recompression technique in the triaxial test, where the specimen is consolidated back to the in situ stresses, was able to duplicate undisturbed soil behavior except when the structure of a soil sample was significantly destroyed. The unconfined compressive strength is apparently governed by the residual effective stress. From the two types of tests simulating sampling processes, however, it was found that a reduction in the unconfined compressive strengths of low quality sample was brought by the loss of the residual effective stress as well as destruction of soil structures.     

Influence of applying overburden stress during curing on the unconfined compressive strength of cement-stabilized clay

In the case of cement-stabilized soils cured under the influence of overburden stress, it is necessary to consider two different timelines of cementation and consolidation, along which the structures of stabilized soils evolve. These two timelines are interrelated and ought not to be considered separately, especially in the early stage of curing when significant structural changes occur. In this study, the strength and deformation characteristics of cement-stabilized clay subjected to overburden stress during curing was investigated using an unconfined compression test apparatus. For this purpose, three types of specimens were prepared by stabilizing very soft clay with different amounts of cement. Overburden stress was applied for three different time durations during curing. In the series of unconfined compression tests conducted on the specimens with no overburden stress applied during curing, the axial stress initially increases rapidly, then was maintained before finally dropping. In the series of tests with overburden stress applied during curing, the axial stress continues to increase gradually before rapidly declining. The values of unconfined compressive strength are larger for the specimens subjected to overburden stress during curing. The values of the unconfined compressive strength also increase linearly as the duration of applied overburden stress increases. The increase in strength apparently occurs due to increasing dry density accompanied by a decrease in the water content due to the drainage of pore water during the application of overburden stress.