Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr合金的简化SIMA法等温半固态组织粗化规律

研究了简化应变诱发激活(SIMA)工艺条件下Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr挤压态镁合金在不同等温温度(600,610和620℃)和不同等温时间条件下的微观组织演变规律。结果表明,在相同等温温度条件下,α(Mg)晶粒直径与等温时间之间符合关系式3 30d?d?Kt,粗化速率常数K随等温温度的升高而增大;实验合金的粗化机制符合Monson-Whitton等提出的改进的液膜迁移理论模型。分析发现,实验合金的纵向组织α(Mg)晶粒粗化速率大于其横向组织α(Mg)晶粒粗化速率,这是简化SIMA法工艺在制备半固态触变浆料时存在组织不均匀现象的根本原因。     

Al-5Mg-2Si-Mn铝合金压铸坯锭SIMA法半固态等温组织演变

研究了不同压铸条件下Al-5Mg-2Si-Mn铝合金压铸坯锭的等温半固态组织演变过程。与重力铸造相比,铸态压铸实验合金的α-Al初始晶粒尺寸细小;且压射压力越大,晶粒尺寸越小,组织中的畸变能越多。研究表明,重力铸造与压铸实验合金的半固态等温组织演变过程相似,但压铸合金的演变进程更快。不同压射压力压铸实验合金坯锭的半固态等温热处理过程中,α-Al晶粒直径与等温时间之间符合关系式 r ?^3=Kt+〖r ?_0〗^3,粗化速率常数 K 随压射压力的增大而减小。对于相同压射压力的压铸合金坯锭,随等温温度的升高,半固态组织的α-Al的晶粒尺寸增大,粗化速率常数 K 减小。在相同等温时间条件下,压铸合金比重力铸造合金等温半固态组织的固相体积分数小,晶粒的粗化速率低。研究确定了实验合金的优化半固态等温处理工艺为620 ℃等温20 min。     

Inconel X-750高温合金晶粒粗化行为研究

通过等温晶粒粗化方法研究了Inconel X-750高温合金的晶粒粗化行为。通过对微观组织形貌的定性分析，明确了Inconel X-750合金晶粒发生正常生长和异常生长的温度范围，且在晶粒异常长大时晶粒尺寸和不均匀度显著增加。通过对平均晶粒尺寸的定量分析，研究了温度和时间对Inconel X-750合金晶粒粗化行为的影响。基于Inconel X-750合金晶粒粗化规律，提出并求解了一种新的分段式晶粒粗化数学模型来精确描述Inconel X-750合金在等温条件下的晶粒粗化行为。     

等温热处理对ZA63镁合金半固态组织演变的影响

采用等温热处理法对ZA63合金在不同的保温温度及保温时间下的半固态组织的演变过程和机理进行了研究。结果表明,通过半固态等温热处理能够制备ZA63非枝晶组织,并获得细小、分布均匀的球状颗粒。非枝晶组织演变经历了粗化、枝晶分离、球化以及晶粒的合并和长大4个过程。ZA63合金半固态触变成形最适合的等温热处理工艺是590℃×20min,平均晶粒尺寸、圆整度和固相率分别为59.16μm、1.5和43%。     

Mg-Zn-Gd镁合金SSIMA法等温半固态组织演变

研究了Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr镁合金在不同挤压下的SSIMA法等温半固态组织演变过程和组织粗化行为。结果表明,在相同挤压比条件下,α-Mg平均晶粒直径与等温时间之间的关系为:等温处理后平均晶粒直径的三次方与初始平均晶粒直径的三次方的差值等于粗化速率常数与等温时间的乘积。粗化速率常数K随挤压比的增大而减小。当挤压比分别为10、15、30时,镁合金横向组织晶粒粗化速率常数K分别为359、289、266μm3/s。另外,挤压比越高,镁合金半固态组织等温转变各阶段的进程加快,α晶粒的圆整度和均匀程度越好。     

铸态亚共晶高铬铸铁重熔时先共晶相的演变

通过观察常规铸态亚共晶高铬铸铁在固液区间等温重熔过程中先共晶奥氏体形貌的变化情况,研究其演变规律及机理。结果表明,在等温重熔过程中,网状枝晶的粗化、熔断和晶粒的球化、合并长大是先共晶奥氏体演变的4个主要阶段。在较低温度下重熔,其演变过程以枝晶长大粗化及熔断为主,奥氏体枝晶网状结构难以完全消除;在较高温度下重熔,组织的演变过程以晶粒的球化及合并长大为主。在适当温度下(1330℃)保温一定时间(35min)可以获得较为圆整且尺寸均匀分布的先共晶奥氏体组织,但加热温度过高,保温时间过长,奥氏体晶粒会严重长大粗化。     

等温温度对半固态2024合金部分重熔组织的影响

分别在固液两相区620和630℃以及液相线以上640和650℃对半固态2024合金坯料进行等温加热,利用光学显微镜和金相图像分析系统,研究等温温度对半固态坯料部分重熔组织的影响。结果表明：坯料等温温度越高,液相形成速度越快,重熔后晶粒越细小。在液相线以上温度等温加热比在固液两相区温度等温加热时,坯料重熔后晶粒明显细小,但球化程度略低。组织演变机理分析表明,提高等温温度,液相形成速度加快导致晶粒合并受到一定的抑制是晶粒细化的主要原因,而保温时间的缩短则是晶粒球化程度降低的原因。     

RAP法制备AlSi7Mg合金半固态坯料研究

采用DSC测试、热镦粗实验、半固态等温处理实验、金相显微镜观察以及Image Pro Plus图像处理软件,研究了等温压缩温度、压缩量和半固态等温处理的温度、保温时间对再结晶重熔(RAP)法制备AlSi7Mg铝合金半固态坯料微观组织的影响.结果表明:等温压缩过程中温度对半固态坯料微观组织的影响不明显,而等温压缩变形量的增大有利于细化半固态坯料微观组织,最优热镦粗参数为温度240℃,变形量40％;半固态等温处理过程中,随保温温度升高,微观组织固相晶粒的尺寸逐渐增大,而随着保温时间延长,半固态组织中固相颗粒的尺寸先缓慢长大再迅速长大然后趋于不变,固相颗粒的圆整度变化较为复杂.通过RAP法制备的AlSi7Mg铝合金半固态坯料平均晶粒尺寸为64～117μm,形状因子为0.76～0.89.低于599℃时,半固态的平均晶粒尺寸的立方粗化线性关系不明显,影响晶粒粗化的机制主要有Ostwald熟化、合并长大、再结晶和熔化;在599℃时,晶粒尺寸的立方粗化线性关系较为明显,此时Ostwald熟化为晶粒粗化的主导机制.     

ZA84镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变

研究了ZA84镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变.研究结果表明,通过半固态等温热处理制备非枝晶组织ZA84合金是可能的.当ZA84合金经570℃×120 min半固态等温热处理后,可获得液相率为22%和未熔初生相颗粒尺寸为57um的非枝晶组织.ZA84合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变主要包括最初的粗化、组织分离和球化3个阶段.没有发现球状晶粒最后的粗化.     

Sr对AZ91D镁合金半固态等温热处理后的组织的影响

通过对等温热处理温度和时间等工艺参数的控制，研究了变质剂Sr对AZ91D镁合金半固态等温热处理后组织的影响。结果表明，随着等温时间的延长，未变质处理的合金组织将由树枝晶变成近球状组织，而经Sr变质处理的合金组织将由树枝晶变成细小的球状组织，都将逐渐合并长大。等温热处理过程中，树枝晶经历了熔断、粒状化、球化和粗化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.