多晶体γ探测器相互影响的蒙特卡洛数值模拟

本文用基于Geant4的蒙特卡洛方法模拟得到多晶体航空γ能谱仪对近似无限大γ面源的能量沉积谱,分析了航空γ能谱仪各条晶体的谱线差异,并研究了不同能量的地面γ辐射在上层晶体中形成谱线的变化规律,以及对环境氡气校正的影响,为多晶体航空γ能谱测量谱线解析提供了理论基础。     

中子诱发TNT中轻核素反应的混合γ能谱模拟

用MCNP模拟了Am-Be中子源诱发土壤环境中爆炸物各组成核素形成的瞬发γ射线在Nal(T1)和BGO探测器中的能谱,得到H、C、N、O核素特征峰计数随爆炸物质量的变化关系,研究了土壤湿度对γ能谱的影响.通过对中子诱发爆炸物的瞬发γ能谱分析,发现N、C核素特征γ射线全能峰计数之比能较好识别含水环境下的爆炸物.     

New Geant4 cross section models for PIXE simulation

We have implemented in the Geant4 simulation toolkit a set of new ionisation cross sections for the simulation of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), based upon theoretical and semi-empirical models. The set provides a model based on the so-called ECPSSR theory for the computation of K-shell ionisation cross sections for proton and alpha particle impact. A second model is based upon semi-empirical expressions proposed by Orlic for the calculation of L_i-subshells ionisation cross sections for proton impact. Our developments are compared to ionisation cross sections already existing in the Geant4 toolkit and to experimental data.     

Source-less density measurement using an adaptive neutron-induced gamma correction method

The use of radioactive isotopes, such as Cs-137, to measure formation density is a common practice; however, it poses high risks such as environmental contamination from lost sources. To address these challenges, the use of pulsed neutron sources for density measurements, also known as “source-less density”, has emerged as a promising alternative. By collecting gamma counts at different time gates according to the duty cycle of the pulsed sequence, the inelastic gamma component can be isolated t...     

Geant4 simulation of production and interaction of muons

A set of models for Monte Carlo simulation of production and interaction of high energy muons is developed in the framework of the Geant4 toolkit. It describes the following physics processes: ionization of high energy muons with radiative corrections, bremsstrahlung, electron-positron pair production, muon induced nuclear reactions, gamma annihilation into muon pair, positron annihilation into muon pair, and into pion pair. These processes are essential for the LHC experiments, for the understanding of the background in underground detectors, for the simulation of effects related with high-energy muons in cosmic ray experiments and for the estimation of backgrounds in future colliders. The applicability area of the models extends to 1 PeV. The major use-cases are discussed.     

γ能谱解谱技术研究

在核弹头的辐射指纹比较研究中,发现现在流行的γ能谱解谱软件有很多缺点,这些缺点直接影响到辐射指纹比对的准确性。鉴于此,本文设计了新的解谱程序。并对一些典型的模拟核弹头γ能谱,分别使用本程序、ORTEC公司的GAMMAVISION软件、CANBERRA公司的GENNIE2000软件进行解谱比较,以说明本研究工作在γ能谱解谱方面的一些成果。研究结果不但可用于涉及核弹头的核裁军核查研究中,而且可用于涉及放射性测量分析的各个领域。     

A Geant4 Based Engineering Tool for Fresnel Lenses

Geant4 is a Monte Carlo radiation transport toolkit that is becoming a tool of generalized application in areas such as high-energy physics, nuclear physics, astroparticle physics, or medical physics. Besides the electromagnetic and hadronic physics processes, Geant4 provides also an optical physics process category, allowing the simulation of the production and propagation of light. Such capabilities are well tailored for the simulation of optics systems namely in cosmic-rays experiments based in the detection of Cherenkov and fluorescence light. The use of Geant4 as an engineering tool for the optics design and simulation of Fresnel lens systems is discussed through a specific example. It is thus possible to implement a realistic end-to-end simulation of a physics experiment using Fresnel lenses in the framework of Geant4     

SOI 硅微剂量探测器对中子和伽马辐射场线能谱测量的GEANT4模拟研究

绝缘体上硅(SOI)硅微剂量测量系统可以通过测量中子和伽马混合辐射场的线能谱来获取不同类型辐射的剂量当量贡献。本文根据SOI硅微剂量探测器物理设计,采用GEANT4软件建模对Cf-252中子和伽马混合辐射场及Co-60伽马辐射线能谱测量进行蒙特卡罗模拟,并进一步分析了SOI探测器转换层对伽马线能谱测量的影响。结果表明,SOI硅微剂量探测器能够区分中子和伽马的剂量贡献,并且伽马线能谱峰值随着转换层厚度发生变化,有可能利用该特性实现不同贯穿深度下伽马辐射剂量贡献的测量。模拟分析结果可为SOI硅微剂量探测器设计及应用提供参考。     

核反应影响半导体器件单粒子翻转的Geant4仿真

利用MC工具Geant4研究核反应对于半导体器件单粒子翻转效应(SEU)的影响,构建了研究的一般方法。辐照过程中电学与核反应物理过程的作用决定器件中敏感单元产生的淀积电荷量的分布,核反应的物理过程对于沉积较高电荷量的贡献很大。此外,利用Geant4分析静态随机存储器(SRAM)敏感单元上的后段互连材料钨对于单粒子翻转的反应截面的影响,并进行了模拟仿真。模拟结果表明,钨层的存在会加重存储器件的单粒子翻转效应。     

用中子感生瞬发γ分析方法检测煤的发热量Q_(DW)~Y

本文研究了煤发热量Q~Y_(DW)的一种快速检测方法。测量了中子反应产生的瞬发γ射线谱,由特征γ射线的强度确定碳含量C_Y,从而得出Q~Y_(DW)。C_Y的实验误差<2％,Q~Y_(DW)的误差<1.25kJ/g。几分钟可完成一个样品检测。     

A segmented conical electric lens for optimization of the beam spot of the low-energy muon facility at PSI: a Geant4 simulation analysis

The low-energy muon facility at PSI provides nearly fully polarized positive muons with tunable energies in the ke V range to carry out muon spin rotation(LE-μSR)experiments with nanometer depth resolution on thin films,heterostructures, and near-surface regions. The low-energy muon beam is focused and transported to the sample by electrostatic lenses. In order to achieve a minimum beam spot size at the sample position and to enable the steering of the beam in the horizontal and vertical direction, a special electrostatic device has been implemented close to the sample position. It consists of a cylinder at ground potential followed by four conically shaped electrodes,which can be operated at different electric potential. In LE-μSR experiments, an electric field at the sample along the beam direction can be applied to accelerate/decelerate muons to different energies(0.5–30 keV). Additionally, a horizontal or vertical magnetic field can be superimposed for transverse or longitudinal field μSR experiments. The focusing properties of the conical lens in the presence of these additional electric and magnetic fields have been investigated and optimized by Geant4 simulations. Some experimental tests were also performed and show that the simulation well describes the experimental setup.     

A segmented conical electric lens for optimization of the beam spot of the low-energy muon facility at PSI: a Geant4 simulation analysis

The low-energy muon facility at PSI provides nearly fully polarized positive muons with tunable energies in the keV range to carry out muon spin rotation (LE-μSR)experiments with nanometer depth resolution on thin films,heterostructures,and near-surface regions.The low-energy muon beam is focused and transported to the sample by electrostatic lenses.In order to achieve a minimum beam spot size at the sample position and to enable the steering of the beam in the horizontal and vertical direction,a special electrostatic device has been implemented close to the sample position.It consists of a cylinder at ground potential followed by four conically shaped electrodes,which can be operated at different electric potential.In LEμSR experiments,an electric field at the sample along the beam direction can be applied to accelerate/decelerate muons to different energies (0.5-30 keV).Additionally,a horizontal or vertical magnetic field can be superimposed for transverse or longitudinal field μSR experiments.The focusing properties of the conical lens in the presence of these additional electric and magnetic fields have been investigated and optimized by Geant4 simulations.Some experimental tests were also performed and show that the simulation well describes the experimental setup.     

γ能谱稳谱获取的研究

利用γ能谱光电峰的能量恒定和峰形不变的物理特性，提出一种以光电峰为基准的主动寻峰稳谱方法，以甄别阈为调整对象，直接作用于测量能窗的能量定位，保证能窗相对能量的稳定。     

A novel X-ray tube spectra reconstruction method based on transmission measurements

A novel X-ray tube spectrum reconstruction method has been proposed based on transmission measurements. Aluminum bars of varying lengths attenuate the X-rays to different levels. The detectors are of lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillator and silicon photomultiplier. With the detected X-ray intensities, the X-ray spectrum is unfolded using the least square method. The detectors, aluminum bars, and collimating apertures are integrated in a detection module made of lead. Its response to X-ray is calculated by Monte Carlo codes Geant4. Due to the high photon flux, the detectors work in current mode.The electronics system, consisting of 24-bit high-precision ADCs with 144 KSPS sampling rate and field programmable gate array, makes the data acquisition process effective and precise. Measurements on a 70-k Vp tungsten anode X-ray were taken to verify the method. The unfolded spectrum agrees well with the simulated spectrum,demonstrating that the method is reliable and practical.     

Calculation of Response Function for Bonner Sphere Spectrometer Based on Geant4

In order to make further studies on fusion neutron diagnosis on HL-2A /HL-2M,we have developed and succeeded in the calculation of the Response Function for a Bonner sphere spectrometer,which consists of eight polyethylene spheres with ³He proportional counters inside.The response function of the Bonner spectrometer to neutrons is of fundamental importance for its neutron spectrum unfolding procedure and is directly related to the quality of the unfolded spectrum.In this paper,we calculated the response function to neutrons from 10-9 MeV to100 MeV by Geant4.In order to test the accuracy of the Geant4 simulation,we apply it to measure an ²⁴¹Am-Be neutron source,and the measured neutron counts of the spectrometer and simulated counts are found to be highly consistent,with a relative error up to 9.3%.This has proven the calculation of the neutron response of the Bonner sphere spectrometer by Geant4 to be quite accurate.     

一种基于重叠网格的反应堆控制棒落棒行为分流域耦合仿真方法

本文提出了一种基于重叠网格的反应堆控制棒落棒行为分流域耦合仿真方法,该方法分别建立了控制棒单棒和驱动杆的二维轴对称重叠网格模型,保证控制棒和驱动杆的部件网格和背景网格能够根据落棒运动规律自适应地变化。两个流域在每个时间步长内交换流体阻力计算结果,并根据运动方程求解得到的速度来更新控制棒和驱动杆的运动状态,实现分流域耦合。本方法建模简单,通用性好,计算中考虑了驱动线流道形状的影响,且在计算时间和求解精度之间取得了良好的折中,此外,本方法在计算条件允许的情况下,还能较容易地扩展到三维模型。本文采用该方法对某反应堆控制棒驱动线的落棒行为进行了仿真,结果表明:计算结果可信。     

Geant4自动建模方法研究

Geant4是一种应用广泛的蒙特卡罗程序包,其计算模型可以用几何描述标记语言(GDML)描述,然而依赖手工建模耗时且容易出错。本文提出一种基于计算机辅助设计(CAD)的Geant4自动建模方法,该方法能够把复杂的CAD几何模型自动转换为Geant4支持的GDML格式几何模型。基于多物理耦合自动建模软件平台MCAM进行了该方法的研究,通过包括聚变反应堆模型FDS-Ⅱ在内的测试例题的测试与校验,初步验证其正确性和有效性。     

基于Geant4-DNA工具包的单能电子微剂量学模拟研究

应用Geant4－DNA工具包分析和评估了不同物理过程影响因素对低能电子在液态水中的影响,为建立放射治疗与辐射防护所关心的微剂量学基本数据库提供理论支撑。在最新版本的Geant4中,Geant4-DNA工具包中共有7个物理模型可模拟电子在液态水中的输运。根据不同模型的特点,本文选择其中5个适用的模型来模拟单能入射电子(0.1～20 keV)在液态水中的输运过程;比较各模型记录的径迹结构具体信息,包括相互作用过程总次数、电离和激发次数及相应沉积能量占比等;分析Geant4-DNA选项模型、抽样位点小球半径及相互作用过程等因素对线能均值的影响。模拟结果显示:“option0”与“option2” 之间、“option4”与“option5”之间的模拟结果基本吻合;由于各个模型相互作用截面的不同,“option2”、“option4”和“option6”的径迹信息及线能均值均存在差异;模型对线能均值的影响随着抽样位点小球半径的增大而减小。本工作通过设置不同输运控制条件较全面地比较了Geant4-DNA工具包中的不同选项模型,对用户根据需要选择合适的模型模拟单能电子有帮助和指导作用,为完善电子在液态水中的微剂量学数据库并用于评估电离辐射在微观尺度的生物学效应提供依据。     

The optimization of gamma spectra processing in prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA)

The uncertainty of the elemental analysis is one of the major factors governing the utility of on-line Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) in the blending and sorting of bulk materials. In this paper, a general method applicable to Gamma spectra processing is presented and applied to PGNAA in mineral industry. Based on the Fourier transform of spectra and their de-correlation in the Fourier space (the improvement of the conditioning of the correlation matrix), processing of overlapping of characteristic peaks minimizes the propagation of random errors, which optimizes the accuracy and decreases the detection limits of elemental analyses. In comparison with classical methods based on the linear combinations of relevant regions of spectra the improvement may be considerable, especially when several elements are interfering. The method is applied to four case stories covering both borehole logging and on-line analysis on conveyor belt of raw materials.