Hong Kong and Singapore: Two models of telecommunications regulations?

This article examines how telecommunications regulation in Hong Kong and Singapore has evolved since 1970s and in particular, how the boundaries between the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors have been increasingly blurred as the two cities have responded to technological convergence. By analysing the telecommunications regulation development in Hong Kong and Singapore, this article argues that technological convergence has not necessarily led to identical models of telecommunications regulation. Rather, the authors demonstrate the differences existing in the areas of sector-specific regulation, multiple regulators and competition law, in spite of the fact that in recent years, the government role has become increasingly similar in these two Asian cities.     

基于Web的智能计算机辅助教学系统研究与探索

智能计算机辅助教学系统符合目前所提倡的教育理念,其优势远远大于计算机辅助教育(CAI)。随着计算机网络的兴起和普及,基于Web的智能计算机辅助教学系统成为研究的热点。对基于Web的ICAI的基本组件、体系结构、系统设计等方面进行研究。最终证明该系统功能的实现有助于学生更有效的学习。     

WDM: North American deployment trends

For decades, TDM has been the fundamental basis for adding capacity to digital telecommunications networks. Suddenly emerging in the past two years WDM has emerged as an important and widely deployed complement to TDM. In fact, sales of systems based on the new technology have risen to over a billion dollars at breathtaking speed. The author addresses the factors that propelled WDM to the forefront of telecommunications technologies, and looks at the immediate future, with WDM pushing into new areas of telecommunications networks, and emerging as the basis of logical optical networking     

利用概念网络构建计算反射性ICAI模型

为了提高智能计算机教学系统(ICAI)的自适应能力,本文在系统模型的构建中引入了计算反射性的思想,并通过一种新型的知识表达体系--概念网络进行了系统的框架设计.文章重点讨论了各模型的构成及知识表示,并对各模型的行为及其相互间的作用关系进行了阐述.     

Telecommunications circuit switching in a university environment

The use of a Stored Program Electronic Switching System (SPESS) in a university program of instruction and research is described. University involvement with telephony in general and telecommunications switching in particular is discussed, the SPESS facility is described, and Rensselaer's program of instruction and research is outlined.     

The convergence of telecommunications and computing: what are theimplications today?

As has been widely recognized for some time, the computing and telecommunications technologies are converging. This has meant different things at different times. In this review paper, we describe the current stare of convergence, and speculate about what it may mean in coming years. In particular, we argue that as a result of the horizontal integration of all media (voice, audio, video, animation, data) in a common network and terminal infrastructure, telecommunications and networked-computing applications are no longer distinguishable. Considering that the old terminology is no longer meaningful, we attempt to codify networked applications in accordance with their functionality and immediacy. As application functionality is increasingly defined in software, with commensurate cost-effective programmable terminals and means for distribution of applications over the network itself, we argue that user-to-user applications will be greatly impacted, moving into the rapid-innovation regime that has characterized user-to-information-server applications in the recent past. Finally we identify a number of areas where different technical approaches and design philosophies have characterized telecommunications and computing, and discuss how these technical approaches are merging and identify areas of needed research. We do not address complementary forms of convergence at the application or industrial level, such as convergence of the information and content-provider industries, but rather restrict attention to the infrastructure and technology     

The impact of digital technology on electrical engineering education

Digital technology has revolutionized electrical engineering education. Students entering engineering schools have a strong background in discrete mathematics that is often augmented by a knowledge of programming and of microcomputers. The electrical engineering curriculum has changed to include digital techniques in all major fields. Computer science and engineering, a discipline that may be taught in either computer science or electrical engineering departments, continues to grow. Software engineering is gaining increasing stature. Digital technology has affected instruction in electrical engineering and other university-level subjects less than it has affected curriculum, but significant computer-assisted or computer-managed instruction can be found. The practice of elecltrical engineering has changed with its acceptance of the computer as a design tool and the advent of the microprocessor.     

Computer-Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery

Over the last decade, orthopaedics has been one of the most active and diverse areas of development in computer-assisted surgery. Orthopaedics has been a specially challenging area of development as many orthopaedic surgeons consider the outcomes of conventional procedures generally successful. There is significant pressure to improve the efficiency and ergonomics, reduce cost and dependence on more expensive medical imaging modalities, and simplify the use and interfaces. Increasing emphasis on less invasive and minimally invasive procedures could give a significant boost to the adoption of computer-assisted surgery. In this paper, we present the overview of different approaches using a classification scheme that relies on two important criteria: 1) the autonomy of clinical action permitted to the system and 2) the imaging requirements     

An Experimental Telecommunications Test Bed

Although the computer and telecommunications industries have traditionally represented two very different cultures, recent advances in circuit and system technology have blurred many of their past distinctions. A digital system test bed environment has been implemented that not only supports but encourages the use of terminal, switching, and processing capabilities for both computing and communicating. One of our major goals was to provide a test bed environment for conducting telecommunications terminal (teleterminal) experiments in the context of work, school, home, and play. Model scenarios for each environment are briefly described. Physically, the experimental environment is a blend of model shop and commercial systems and components. Adaptability and versatility have been given higher priority than manufacturability. The testing of concepts is deemed more relevant than the testing of components. The resulting environment does not model all of the application areas but has provided a wealth of illustrative data and insights that are described in companion papers.     

Computer and telecommunications equipment room cooling: a review of literature

Due to technology compaction, the information technology (IT) industry has seen a large increase in power density and heat dissipation within the footprint of computer and telecommunications hardware. The heat dissipated in these systems is exhausted to the room and the room has to be maintained at acceptable temperatures for reliable operation of the equipment. Cooling computer and telecommunications equipment rooms is becoming a major challenge. This paper reviews the literature dealing with various aspects of cooling computer and telecommunications equipment rooms. Included are papers on experimental work analyzing cooling schemes, numerical modeling, energy saving schemes, natural convection room cooling, forced convection room cooling, cooling raised floor versus nonraised floor type installations, and other related areas.     

Moving to competition: New Zealand's innovative regulatory modelfor the telecommunications marketplace

In previous years, the manner in which countries around the world regulate telecommunications services has undergone rapid change. In many countries, liberalization of telecommunications regulation has occurred, and formerly government-owned PTTs have been privatized. Competition and entry into telecommunications markets has been the goal of these policies with a focus on encouraging more investment and modernization of telecommunications infrastructures. New Zealand was one of the countries which in the late 1980s decided to liberalize its policies and privatize its PTT. Its unique approach to this process is examined, including its decision not to create a regulatory agency to oversee telecommunications markets and its reliance on competition policy to protect consumers     

Technoeconomic evaluation of the major telecommunication investment options for European players

This article summarizes the major results from European projects drawing final conclusions and recommendations from the technoeconomic evaluation of three telecommunications market studies. It presents an analysis addressing a wide range of crucial telecommunications questions debated today. The business cases are: seamless mobile IP service provision, 3G mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), and fixed networks for broadband IP services. Extensive market analysis has been carried out for modeling demand, penetrations, and tariff structures for new mobile services and broadband services as an input to the business cases. Results show that over a 10-year study period, UMTS business is profitable in most cases for established operators with reasonable market share. The 3G MVNO business case is profitable under typical conditions when MVNO yields about 10 percent penetration, depending on the country type. Provision of fixed broadband services with a fiber to the curb solution is viable in dense urban and urban areas, but not in suburban environments, while fiber to the home is viable only in dense urban areas, despite the selection of protocol (ATM vs. Ethernet). Furthermore, broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, in dense urban and urban areas, show quite promising economic results.     

The European perspective for telecommunication standards

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute is guiding the continent-wide progress toward a unified telecommunications market. The objective of the Institute is to produce the technical standards which are necessary to achieve a large unified European telecommunications market. Further, the principal role of the Institute is technical prestandardization and standardization at the European level in the following fields: areas common to telecommunications and information technology subject to decisions by the Information Technology Steering Committee (ITSTC); and areas common to telecommunications and sound and TV broadcasting in cooperation with other organizations such as the European Broadcasting Union. The activities of the Institute build upon worldwide standards, existing or in preparation, and contribute to the production of harmonized new worldwide standards in the same fields     

The missing link and Vision 2000 [telecommunication services]

Indonesia recognizes telecommunications as essential for national development and to maintain competitiveness in the global economy. Its goal is a well-developed telecommunications infrastructure that provides high-quality service at affordable rates, easily accessible by everyone-including people in rural areas     

加快海南电信事业发展促进海南国民经济信息化

海南自１９８８年来建省以来，经过８年努力，一改过去通信落后的面貌，网络规模，技术层次，服务水平都跃入全国先进行列。“九五”电信发展序幕已经拉开，今后的发展重点和工作方针已经确立，实施方案具体而详尽；提高电信网综合能力和技术层次，提高服务质量和服务水平，发展业务，开拓市场，采取措施加强维护管理方方面面齐头并进。     

INTELSAT and the Developing World

Adequate telecommunications facilities to meet both internal and external telecommunications requirements are important prerequisites for a country's development. The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) has been cognizant of this fact, and has endeavored to respond to the needs of the developing world in a variety of ways. This paper discusses why developing countries have turned to INTELSAT to meet their telecommunications requirements, how INTELSAT has responded to this need and fostered such usage, and what activities INTELSAT is contemplating for the future which are likely to continue and improve upon this trend.     

A 32-b RISC/DSP microprocessor with reduced complexity

This paper presents a new 32-b reduced instruction set computer/digital signal processor (RISC/DSP) architecture which can be used as a general purpose microprocessor and in parallel as a 16-/32-b fixed-point DSP. This has been achieved by using RISC design principles for the implementation of DSP functionality. A DSP unit operates in parallel to an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)/barrelshifter on the same register set. This architecture provides the fast loop processing, high data throughput, and deterministic program flow absolutely necessary in DSP applications. Besides offering a basis for general purpose and DSP processing, the RISC philosophy offers a higher degree of flexibility for the implementation of DSP algorithms and achieves higher clock frequencies compared to conventional DSP architectures. The integrated DSP unit provides instruction set support for highly specialized DSP algorithms. Subword processing optimized for DSP algorithms has been implemented to provide maximum performance for 16-b data types. While creating a unified base for both application areas, we also minimized transistor count and we reduced complexity by using a short instruction pipeline. A parallelism concept based on a varying number of instruction latency cycles made superscalar instruction execution superfluous     

Advanced Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms Applied to Two Problems in Telecommunications

Most research in optimisation is aimed at single objective problems, where the aim is to find a solution which maximises or minimises a single quality measure. However, as in nature, many problems in telecommunications are fundamentally multi-objective, particularly where the issues involved are related to quality of service, or cost/reliability trade-offs. There has been considerable research in multi-objective optimisation, but, until recently, the most prominently known multi-objective optimisation algorithms have tended to be rather slow, and there has been no universally accepted way to properly compare the performance of different methods. Here, we describe two evolutionary computation-based multi-objective optimisation methods which have recently been shown both to be considerably faster than the classical set of such methods, and to outperform existing methods on a wide range of test problems. We focus on two application areas in telecommunications — the adaptive distributed database management problem, and the offline-routeing problem. The speed and quality of these new methods suggest that their adoption in live applications of these and other telecommunications-related problems is feasible.     

电信行业智能数据中心的研究与应用

对云计算和虚拟化在电信行业智能数据中心的应用进行了研究。电信行业的数据中心是各类电信增值业务的部署核心,是实现数据共享和进行数据存储、处理操作的重要区域。为了满足当前电信行业需要处理海量数据的需求,在对云计算、虚拟化以及存储区域网络等关键技术进行研究的基础上,应用相关技术设计了电信行业智能数据中心,以虚拟化技术为基础,整合了数据中心的软硬件资源,使数据中心资源具备了智能化管理和动态部署的能力,其实际的运行效率显著提高。