Impact Testing of Explosives and Propellants

The drop weight impact test is the simplest and easiest test that can be performed on small quantities of explosives or propellants, and yet it has only a minimal role in assessing explosive sensitivity or performance. This paper examines the drop weight impact test as it is currently used, describes its major flaw, and suggests an alternative test that holds the promise of providing the impact energy required to ignite an energetic material. Other impact tests are described. One of these, the Ballistic Impact Chamber Test, measures the rate of reaction and extent of reaction during impact. This test demonstrates that during impact there are two forms of initiation reactions that occur, one that is very fast and is likely due to direct impact-shear initiation of the crystalline solids in the sample. The other, a much slower component, is thought to arise due to burning of the sample.     

Energetics of Nitro/Azide Propellants

A new type of double-base propellant which contains GAP was studied in order to elucidate the burning rate characteristics and combustion wave structure. This class of propellants is termed “nitro/azide propellants”. Experimental results revealed that the burning rate and temperature sensitivity are increased when 12.5% DEP is replaced with 12.5% GAP. The reaction rate in the dark zone is increased by the replacement of DEPo with GAP. However, the gas phase structure of NG/NC/GAP propellant is fundamentally the same as that of NG/NC/DEP propellant and the basic chemical reaction mechanism in the gas phase zone remains unchanged for both propellants.     

二硝酰胺铵在火炸药中的应用

综述了新一代氧化剂二硝酰胺铵盐(ADN)在固体推进剂、炸药及发射药中的应用研究进展,认为ADN是替代推进剂中过氯酸铵氧化剂的最佳侯选物。提出了优化工艺、降低成本、改进ADN稳定化和球形化技术以及ADN应用方面的建议。     

增材制造技术在火炸药成型中的研究进展

针对国内外火工品、炸药、发射药、推进剂增材制造技术,按照增材制造的技术特点和应用方向,综述了国内外增材制造技术在火炸药成型中的研究现状。概述了材料喷射成型(Material jetting)、材料挤出成型(Material extruding)、光聚合固化技术(Vat photopolymerization)的成型原理、工艺特点及在火炸药成型中的应用情况,介绍了各类增材制造技术中火炸药的物料特性,并对火炸药增材制造技术发展方向进行了预测。指出火炸药增材制造应按照火炸药的应用背景,对增材制造火炸药配方(即耗材)的能量特性、力学特性、能量释放特性及工艺适配性等进行系统研究,以满足不同应用背景的发展需求。附参考文献97篇。