共轭亚油酸生理功能及其合成方法

共轭亚油酸（CLA）为亚油酸（LA）的异构体,具有抗癌、降脂、调节免疫、抗粥样硬化等重要的生理功能,目前共轭亚油酸（CLA）的生产大都是利用碱催化亚油酸异构而成,但其异构体繁多。利用微生物转化生产的共轭亚油酸（CLA）,异构体较少,与天然食品中的CLA异构体组成相似,具有很好的商业前景。     

γ-辐射对亚油酸抗氧化体系的影响

将亚油酸(LA)分别添加适量VE和共轭亚油酸(CLA),并进行一定剂量的60Coγ-辐射,每隔几天测定其过氧化值。研究结果表明,在该实验体系中,VE和CLA对辐射后的亚油酸均有较显著的抗氧化性,且CLA的抗氧化效果好于VE,并进一步探讨了VE和CLA对辐射亚油酸的抗氧化机理。     

食品中共轭亚油酸的组成与抗病保健机理

在动物性食品中,除了传统的营养价值之外,也含有一些对人体健康和疾病预防具有有益作用的微量成分,CLA（conjugated linoleic acid,共轭亚油酸）就是其中的一个例子。近年来大量的动物实验和细胞培养实验证明了CLA系列的生物学保健功能。 一、CLA的组分 CLA是一组亚油酸的立体异构和位置异构的混合物,在碱存在条件下,亚油酸加热能够产生许多CLA的异构体形式。在牛奶脂肪、奶酪和牛肉中也发现了许多CLA的异构体。然而,9-顺-11-反 CLA是膳食中 CLA的主要存在形式。这种CLA异构体是在牛或其它反刍动物的瘤胃中,亚油酸或亚麻酸被微生物氢化过程中产生的。     

产亚油酸异构酶的乳酸菌的筛选

对16株乳酸菌产亚油酸异构酶(linoleate isomerase)的能力进行分析,紫外分光光度法和气相色谱法分析发酵液中的共轭亚油酸(CLA),筛选出产亚油酸异构酶的乳酸菌,PCR扩增筛选出菌株的亚油酸异构酶基因,并对其进行序列分析.结果显示,通过紫外分光光度法检测16株乳酸菌中有9株菌可将亚油酸(LA)转化为共轭亚油酸(CLA);气相检测6株乳酸菌的发酵液中存在cis-9,trans-11 CLA和trans-10,cis-12 CLA两种同分异构体(各占CLA总产量的50％);成功扩增出鼠李糖乳杆菌与亚油酸异构酶密切相关的肌球蛋白交叉反应抗原(MCRA)基因片段.     

共轭亚油酸合成原料的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(Conjugated Linoleic Acid,CLA)具有抗肿瘤、减少脂肪蓄积、调节机体免疫力、抗动脉粥样硬化、调节血糖血压、预防骨质疏松等多种生理活性,已经被广泛应用于医药、食品、保健品、化妆品等领域。由于CLA天然来源较少,以亚油酸为底物人工合成制备CLA成为了人们获取CLA的主要途径。本文系统介绍了游离脂肪酸、烷烃酯、甘油酯等不同形式的亚油酸及来源广泛、价格低廉的天然油脂在CLA生产中的运用,并综述了食品发酵中CLA的合成,为优化CLA原料利用、经济高效地获取CLA提供了参考。     

乳酸菌合成共轭亚油酸及其应用研究进展

共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一种具有多种生理活性的功能性脂肪酸,在食品、保健品中具有广阔的应用前景。然而,天然来源的CLA含量很低,不能满足人类需求。乳酸菌可以合成CLA,且广泛用于食品加工领域,利用乳酸菌开发富含CLA的功能食品是当今的研究热点。为推动CLA功能食品的研究开发,该文对合成共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的研究进展、合成共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的益生性研究以及将产CLA乳酸菌应用到食品和饲料中的研究现状进行综述,并对利用乳酸菌合成CLA进而应用于功能食品进行展望。     

共轭亚油酸对癌细胞的作用及可能机制

共轭亚油酸(conjugatedlinoleicacid,CLA)是一类含有共轭双键的亚油酸的同分异构体的混合物,其在双键的位置及空间构象上可形成多种不同的同分异构体。一些食物的天然成分中含有CLA。反刍动物的肉、奶及其制品中,CLA含量较高。CLA具有多种生理活性,其中对癌细胞的抑制活性倍受关注。本文综述了共轭亚油酸在体外培养试验中对癌细胞的作用及可能机制。     

微生物合成共轭亚油酸机理的研究进展

相比于共轭亚油酸（CLA）的化学合成,微生物合成CLA与化学法具有培养灵活、对设备要求低、产物分离简单等优势。主要讨论了微生物合成CLA的研究进展,亚油酸（LA）能被微生物转化的原因,以及微生物合成CLA的机理。CLA的合成机理从微生物在动物瘤胃内混合发酵代谢LA和单一微生物在体外合成CLA两方面进行阐述。     

共轭亚油酸的生理功能及微生物合成研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸一系列构象和位置异构体的总称,反刍动物的食品是CLA最主要的天然来源.国内外研究表明,CLA具有抗癌、降低胆固醇、增强机体免疫力等多种生理功能.文中论述了CLA的发现、结构、生理功能、可转化形成CLA的微生物种类、转化机制以及CLA的纯化和检测技术.     

日本建成生产共轭亚油酸大型装置

<正>日本目前唯一生产共轭亚油酸(CLA)厂商亚油酸油脂公司已于1999年2月在名古屋工厂内建立生产共轭亚油酸大型装置。据该公司称,每月将向美国市场出口1.5万吨共轭亚油酸,而国内消费为1万吨。据称,此建立大型生产体制之举,是为了急速扩大生产,以能保证稳定供应市场。去年,日本亚油酸油脂公司向市场推出“亚油酸べルクCLA”制品,同时向健康食品、医药、食品公司提供液状或粉末状CLA制品。现日本市场上美国进口CLA品,售价1.2万日元/公斤,日本国产品1万元/公斤。     

产共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的筛选及生产条件的研究

从分离到的乳酸菌中筛选到1株共轭亚油酸高产菌株,乳杆菌L1(Lactobacillus sp.),在MRS培养基上,乳杆菌L1产生共轭亚油酸的最适亚油酸的浓度是0.1%(v/v),最适培养时间是42h,参与共轭亚油酸形成的酶是胞内酶,并且可能是由多种酶共同作用的结果.建立了共轭亚油酸的紫外光谱扫描和高效液相色谱检测方法.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法分析苏尼特羔羊肉中共轭亚油酸含量

共轭亚油酸是亚油酸的一组几何和位置异构体，具有多种生理功能。作为瘤胃微生物的产物，反刍动物肉制品是共轭亚油酸异构体较丰富的天然来源，本研究利用气相色谱-质谱联用法分离测定了5月龄苏尼特羔羊肌肉和腹部脂肪中共轭亚油酸总含量，研究结果表明，背最长肌间脂肪中CLA相对百分含量平均为0．83％，腹部脂肪中CLA相对百分含量平均为0．99％。     

Production of free conjugated linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei of human intestinal origin

A gas chromatographic procedure was used for analysis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic; trans-10, cis-12 octadecadienoic; and trans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic (c9t11, t10c12, t9t11) produced by lactobacilli. Four different cultures, two strains each of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei were tested for their ability to produce CLA from free linoleic acid in MRS broth supplemented with linoleic acid. Different concentrations of linoleic acid (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml) were added to MRS broth, inoculated with the lactobacilli, and incubated at 37 degrees C. Viable counts and amounts of individual isomers of CLA (c9t11, t10c12, t9t11) were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. All the cultures were able to produce free CLA in media supplemented with linoleic acid. Maximum production of CLA (80.14 to 131.63 microg/ml) was observed at 24 h of incubation in broth containing 0.02% of free linoleic acid. No significant (P > 0.05) increases in total CLA levels were observed after 24 h of incubation. The ability of the cultures to produce CLA in skim milk supplemented with 0.02% free linoleic acid also was studied. In this medium, the total amounts of free CLA after 24 h of incubation ranged from 54.31 to 116.53 microg/ml. The use of lactic acid bacteria able to form free CLA in cultured dairy products may have potential health or nutritional benefits. Free CLA in the products likely would be more readily available for absorption from the digestive tract than if it were incorporated into the cells of the starter culture.     

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in monolayer cultures of bovine hepatocytes

The objective was to determine the effects of linoleic acid and different isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at different concentrations on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in the bovine. Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes obtained from 7- to 10-d-old Holstein bull calves were exposed to treatments from 16 to 64 h after plating. The treatments included 1.0 mM palmitic acid plus either 0.1 or 1.0 mM of cis-9, cis-12 linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, or trans-10, cis-12 CLA. Metabolism of palmitic acid to cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) was decreased when media contained cis-9, trans-11 compared with trans-10, cis-12 CLA. Total cellular TAG content was increased for the CLA isomers compared to cis-9, cis-12 linoleic acid. Both CLA isomers increased palmitic acid incorporation into phospholipids, cholesterol, and media triacylglycerol compared with cis-9, cis-12 linoleic acid at a concentration of 1.0 mM. Increasing the concentration of treatment fatty acids from 0.1 to 1.0 mM decreased oxidation of palmitic acid to acid-soluble products, but no effects of fatty acids were observed. There was no treatment effect on rates of gluconeogenesis from propionic acid. Overall, CLA isomers elicited changes in palmitic acid metabolism to cellular and media triacylglycerol, and cellular phospholipids and cholesterol, but had little or no effect on other measured pathways of lipid metabolism or gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes.     

影响乳制品中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的因素

概述了共轭亚油（CLA）的形成方式、影响乳制品中CLA含量的因素及如何提高乳中CLA含量的方法。动物的种类、饲料的成分、喂养方式、季节等对原料乳产生的影响．以及加工方法、贮存条件、发酵菌种等对乳制品中CLA的含量的影响。     

Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content in milk and meat

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been recently studied mainly because of its potential in protecting against cancer, atherogenesis, and diabetes. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a series of conjugated dienoic positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid, which are found in relative abundance in milk and tissue fat of ruminants compared with other foods. The cis-9, trans-11 isomer is the principle dietary form of CLA found in ruminant products and is produced by partial ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid or by endogenous synthesis in the tissues themselves. The CLA content in milk and meat is affected by several factors, such as animal's breed, age, diet, and management factors related to feed supplements affecting the diet. Conjugated linoleic acid in milk or meat has been shown to be a stable compound under normal cooking and storage conditions. Total CLA content in milk or dairy products ranges from 0.34 to 1.07% of total fat. Total CLA content in raw or processed beef ranges from 0.12 to 0.68% of total fat. It is currently estimated that the average adult consumes only one third to one half of the amount of CLA that has been shown to reduce cancer in animal studies. For this reason, increasing the CLA contents of milk and meat has the potential to raise the nutritive and therapeutic values of dairy products and meat.     

Systematic evaluation on the effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid in human health

The term CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) corresponds to a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Two of these isomers (9c, 11t and 10t, 12c) have biological activity. The milk and dairy products are the most abundant source of conjugated linoleic acid, which refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers of CLA (CLA 18:2 cis-9, cis-12). The following research aims to approach aspects regarding the CLA, as well as its relationship with diseases. Conjugated linoleic acids have been studied for their beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, including obesity, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Scientific information put together the physiological properties of CLA, which serves as inputs to claim their potential as functional ingredients to be used in the prevention and control of several chronic metabolic disorders.     

Linoleic acid Isomerase Activity in Enzyme Extracts from Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ssp. Shermanii

Enzyme extracts from Lactobacillus acidophilus (CCRC14079) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii (CCRC11076) were reacted with linoleic acid at 50 °C for 10 min at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8, and the levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. CLA formations were observed in all the reactions catalyzed by the retentates using ultrafiltration membranes with 100 kDa nominal molecular weight cutoff, indicating the presence of the activity of linoleic acid isomerase with nominal molecular weight higher than 100 kDa in the retentates from two cultures. More CLA was formed at pH 5 of L. acidophilus treatment and t10c12, c11t13, and c9t11 CLA were 3 major CLA isomers produced. Results demonstrate a potential for CLA production through linoleic acid isomerase.     

共轭亚油酸的营养分配作用及生物合成研究进展

共轭亚油酸 (CLA)最早是从反刍动物瘤胃中分离出来的一种不饱和脂肪酸。因动物试验及癌细胞培养结果显示其具有强烈的抗癌作用、营养分配作用、抗动脉粥样硬化作用及免疫功能而备受瞩目。它可使啮齿类动物、哺乳类动物及人体脂含量明显下降 ,体内的蛋白含量提高 ,而总的体重不变。对它的营养分配机理的研究国外已有不少报道。主要结论是CLA可抑制脂肪细胞的分化并促进脂肪细胞的凋亡 ,另外CLA也通过抑制脂酰CoA脱氢酶活性而抑制脂肪酸的生物合成。反刍动物合成CLA有 2条途径 :1是在瘤胃细菌的作用下 ,亚油酸 (C18∶2 )被异构化为CLA。 2是脂肪组织中在Delta 9脱氢酶的作用下将反 -1 1C18∶1脱氢生成CLA。丙酸细菌、乳酸细菌均有催化亚油酸生成CLA的能力。