1.40万t/a重油催化装置提高柴汽比的改进措施

介绍了济南炼油厂1.40万t/a重油催化裂化装置在提高柴汽比方面的改进措施以及取得的效果。针对催化原料重质化、劣质化的实际，采取控制反应温度，轻重回炼油分段进料，顶循环油外甩等措施，柴汽比由设计时的0.51提高到目前的0.9-1.0之间。     

重油催化裂化提高柴汽比的技术措施

在使用多产柴油催化剂的基础上,从优化反应操作条件和拓宽柴油馏程两方面人手增产柴油。低反应温度、高回炼比的操作方案有助于得到较高的柴油收率和柴汽比。同时,引进了MGD工艺,在提高柴汽比的同时,汽油质量得到明显改善。     

催化裂化装置增产柴油措施总结

增产柴油，提高柴汽比，增加经济效益，成为当前形势下装置的主要任务。本文结合装置实际特点，从反应深度、剂油比、分馏系统操作条件调节等多方面总结了增产柴油的几项有效措施。     

长庆原油不同馏分的催化裂化性能研究

在固定流化床装置上进行了长庆原油的常压渣油、脱沥青油和减压渣油的催化裂化反应,考察了反应温度对产物分布、氢转移反应及柴汽比的影响。结果表明:常压渣油的裂化性能最好,脱沥青油次之,减压渣油的裂化性能最差。相同的反应条件下,脱沥青油的转化率比减压渣油高约6百分点,总液收高20百分点以上,而焦炭产率则只有减压渣油的2/3。对不同的原料,反应温度对氢转移反应和柴汽比的影响趋势不同。减压渣油的氢转移和柴汽比受反应温度的影响较大。     

FCCU多产柴油的技术措施及分析

催化裂化增产柴油是炼油厂多产柴油的重要途径。简要阐述了催化裂化操作条件催化剂、原料选择等对柴油产率的影响，指出使用MLC－500采用新的操作工艺及降凝剂与终止剂的应用可提高柴油产率和柴汽比。     

一步法合成N-(1-乙基丙基)-3,4-二甲基苯胺

以自制的Pd－Pt/C为加氢催化剂，有机酸为助催化剂，3，4－二甲基硝基苯和3－戊酮为原料，通过硝基加氢、酮胺加成、脱水与碳氮双键加氢一系列反应一步法合成了N－（1－乙基丙基）－3，4－二甲基苯胺。考察了不同加氢催化剂、助催化剂和反应温度对该反应的影响：在较佳的反应工艺条件下，四步反应的总收率达98．6％，比文献值收率提高10％。     

2-氨基-5-甲基噻唑的合成及应用研究

以1，2，3－三氯丙烷为原料，与氢氧化钠反应生成2，3－二氯－1－丙烯（2），接着与硫氰酸钾反应并异构化生成2－氯－2丙烯基异硫氰酸酯（3），再与氨水反应得N－（2－氯－2－丙烯基）硫脲（4），然后再在80％的硫酸作用下环合得2－氨基－5－甲基噻唑（1），总收率由文献报道的24．3％提高到41．3％。利用（1）和吡罗昔康的中间体（5）缩合制得美洛昔康（6）。     

混合丁烯剂聚催化剂及其工艺研究（下）

介绍了在Ｔ－９９新型固体磷酸催化剂作用下混合丁烯齐聚反应的研究。反应在空速３ｈ＾－１，超临界相态（对比压力Ｐｒ≥１，对比温度Ｔｒ≥１）－近临界相态（Ｐｒ≥１，Ｔｒ〈１）结合的条件下进行。反应温度从１８０℃提高到２３０℃，混合丁烯转化率由７５％上升到９４％，产物中二聚物异辛烯选择性ＳＣ８在７８％～９１％，十二烯选择性Ｓｃ１２在６％～１０％，Ｓｃ８与Ｓｃ１２之和达到９０％以上。     

1-苄基-4-哌啶酮的合成工艺改进

以苄胺和丙到甲酯为起始原料，合成OPC－21268的重要中间体1－苄基－4－哌啶酮，并对每步反应的工艺进行优化，确定了最佳反应条件，三步反应的总收率为74．5％，比文献值提高了14．5％，新工艺做法简单，成本降低，适于工业生产。     

2—甲基—4—甲基二苯胺的合成

以２－甲基－４－甲氧基苯胺为原料，经甲酰化，与溴苯综合和水解等步骤，成了２－甲基－４－甲氧基二苯胺。在缩合反应过程中采用氮气保护和使用加压技术提高反应湿，提高了产率。最适合的综合反应温度是２００℃。产率为８５．６％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。