谁偷走了我们的咖啡

大约在六年前的一个午夜,与一个朋友在老西门附近聊天散步。无意中走进一家咖啡馆,店堂内空无一人,只有"凯司令"的字样孤独地挂在门头上。关于这个品牌,只知道在很多年前就有了,在那个克莱斯勒汽车已经在四马路上奔驰的年代,在那个乱世佳人在国泰电影院热映的年代,在那个爵士乐天天在百乐门里奏响的年代。而在21世纪初的某一天,两个年青人走进这家咖啡馆的时候,心中已经再也没有当年那一切风华雪月的幻想,我们只是在     

心灵故事

在一起一天拉手在街上那是激情;在一起一年拉手在街上那是恋情;在一起五年还能在街上拉手那是感情;在—起十年在街上拉手是亲情。     

迷人的53°——茅台,一瓶酒的新年与出生

新年伊始,在北乐、在上海、在广州、在深圳、在杭州,在无数中国人重要的聚会上,茅台酒已经是具有仪式感的情感见证。与此同时,在贵州仁怀市茅台镇,我们正迎来茅台第一轮次基酒的诞生。清晨6点,室外温度0℃左右,在茅台制酒车间,工人们已经开始忙碌。     

谁偷走了我们的咖啡

大约在六年前的一个午夜,与一个朋友在老西门附近聊天散步。无意中走进一家咖啡馆,店堂内空无一人,只有＂凯司令＂的字样孤独地挂在门头上。关于这个品牌,只知道在很多年前就有了,在那个克莱斯勒汽车已经在四马路上奔驰的年代,在那个乱世佳人在国泰电影院热映的年代,在那个爵士乐天天在百乐门里奏响的年代。     

太空·狗爪印

你是否还在为神七的升空而激动不已?你是否还在为中国人在太空行走而心潮澎湃?其实人类在太空中留下脚印之前,狗狗已经留下了无数的狗爪印……     

茅台酒美

茅台酒美,天下同醉.茅台酒美,美在历史、美在文化、美在品质、美在环境；多彩贵州,彩在“茅台”；多美贵州,美在“茅台”.     

多色全自动网印整体解决方案

在当今平面网版印刷领域,大多数用户仍然在使用着半自动印刷设备,在套色印制时,通常要在第一色印制后取下,通过干燥设备干燥后再重新定位印刷,即不能在同一工件台上进行多色套印。因为承印物在通过干燥设备后容易变形,     

攻关带头人免费试用机让城乡市场齐头并进

我在郑州市代理浪木已经一年的时间了．在这一年里．我在郑州市建立浪木净水专卖店20多家．配合在建材市场,家电卖场的专柜,已经在郑州形成了销售网络。     

黄昌波和他的快乐美食

黄昌波,1993年入行冰花酒店为学徒,从事粤菜烹饪行业长达15年之久,经验丰富.他1994年在粤信酒店任砧板,1995年在天乐富林酒店为砧板,1996年在金海岸渔港任炒菜主管,1997年在地一居酒楼为炒锅,1998年在深圳明园食府和深圳蛇园任主管,1999年在大富贵酒店任主管,2000年在黄埔新光海鲜酒家任行政总厨(食府虽然外表平凡但却成为了黄埔最旺的食府),2007年至今在新大地宾馆任行政总厨.     

走进抗菌产业的技术“魔镜”

<正>能够永远保持健康,对于每个人而言,是一次生命里的挑战。在多数时候,我们认为通过洗涤将衣物或纺织产品清洁,可以远离污染。然而,肉眼无法察觉的威胁其实就藏在"干净"的背后,它在衣服上,在床上,在家具上,在窗帘上,在我们的厨房用具上,在地铁、厕所、电梯、     

Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk,cream, and casein

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.     

Varietal differences in the mineral composition of bulked samples of fruit from Cox's Orange Pippin,Crispin (Mutsu) and Spartan apple trees

Concentrations of dry matter, nitrogen and major mineral constituents in samples of Cox's Orange Pippin and Crispin fruit from interplanted trees were measured for 4 years. Similar measurements were made over a 6 year period in Cox and Spartan fruit samples from trees interplanted in another orchard. Concentrations varied greatly in all varieties from year to year. In comparison with Cox, fruit calcium concentrations were higher for a given mean mass per apple in Crispin in all years and in Spartan for 4 of the 6 years at harvest. Concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus were lower in Crispin and Spartan than in Cox fruit at harvest in all years, but dry matter and sodium concentrations differed only in some years. Changes in concentrations during fruit growth were measured in 2 years for each comparison. Differences between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in either Crispin or Spartan and Cox apples were evident throughout fruitlet enlargement in both years. Calcium concentrations were higher in Crispin and Spartan fruitlets than in Cox fruitlets of equivalent mass. Variations in the concentrations of potassium, magnesium and calcium from tree to tree were greater for Cox than Crispin samples but relationships between potassium and magnesium concentrations were similar for both varieties.     

Quercetin alleviates activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Specific activities of both intestinal and renal dissacharidases, such as sucrase, maltase, and lactase, were altered in diabetic rats. Our study was focused to evaluate the effect of feeding quercetin - a bioflavanoid on intestinal and renal dissacharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The rats were fed with 0.1% quercetin in diet. A reduction in intestinal maltase and sucrase, activities in quercetin-fed diabetic rats was observed in contrast to the increased activities in the starch-fed diabetic rats. A significant amelioration in renal dissacharidase activities in quercetin-fed diabetic rats was observed when compared to decreased activity in starch-fed diabetic rats.     

Changes in meat quality characteristics of bovine meat during the first 6 days post mortem

The development of some quality parameters in bovine meat during the first 6 days of post mortem ageing was studied in two commercial groups (heifer and bull). In the first day bull meat is harder and springier. Meat pH falls during the first 24 h post mortem in both groups, reaching values around 5.5, and it did not change during the next 5 days. Water-holding capacity (expressed as percentage of expelled water) increased in heifer meat. Instrumental texture measures (texture profile analysis, TPA) showed a decrease in hardness, springiness and chewiness in bull raw meat. Sensory analysis showed that assessors perceived a decrease in hardness and in springiness in bull meat and a decrease in juiciness and in chewiness (number of chewings before swallowing) in heifer meat. Ageing showed no effect on assessors’ pleasantness either in heifers’ or in bulls’ meat. During the first 3 days, heifer meat was juicier. Heifers’ meat produced a greater pleasantness on the sixth day. Both meats were not very different for most quality parameters studied in this work.     

广州秋季市售生蚝微生物污染状况调查

目的是了解广州秋季市售生蚝微生物污染状况。按照GB／T4789—2003《食品卫生微生物学检验》对样品进行微生物检测,结果发现秋季市售生蚝的微生物污染状况比较严重,菌落总数和大肠菌群指标均出现严重超标,超标率分别达到68％和78％,即使在温度偏低的11月份超标现象仍较严重。所检样品中,弧菌超标更为严重,3个月弧菌的检出率则高达90％。结论是广州市售生蚝的微生物污染状况严重,建议消费者不要生食或使用未煮熟的生蚝。     

不同生态条件下的烤烟硼营养研究

在我国7个主产烟省采用"统一栽培法",研究了各生态条件下烤烟营养中硼的积累与分配规律.试验结果表明,烤烟叶片、烟杈(芽)中硼含量明显高于根、茎,其含量以北方高于南方;而根、茎中硼含量正好相反.硼素的积累过程呈明显的Logistic生长曲线关系.大田生长前期南北烟区烟株中硼素积累特征基本一致,但在栽后30 d以后北方烟区烟株中积累量和积累速率远远高于南方烟区.烟株中硼素积累量占全株总积累量的比例为栽后60 d以前南方烟区高于北方烟区,以后则是北方烟区高于南方烟区.在我国南北烟区烟株含硼量(浓度)无明显的差异,但硼积累量差异明显.土壤pH、全氪和速效氮对烟株硼的积累有一定的促进作用,土壤有机质升高则对烟株中硼的积累不利;平均气温、最高温度、10cm地温和日照时数与烟株硼的积累呈正相关.     

Trace mineral content of conventional,organic and courtyard eggs analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

We investigated the contents in yolk and albumen of the trace minerals Se, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, Tl, As and Cd in eggs from hens from three husbandry systems by ICP-MS. Conventional hens were given a commercial feed with added minerals, organic hens were given a feed based on organic feedstuffs also with added minerals, and courtyard hens were fed on cereals, legumes, grass and swill. Dietary Se, Zn, Mn, Co and Cu concentrations were lower in courtyard compared to conventional and organic diets; Cr concentration was highest in courtyard compared to organic diet. Trace element contents in yolks were higher than those in albumen. The highest content of Se in yolks was in organic, followed by conventional eggs. Zn contents were highest in courtyard yolk, followed by conventional, which in turn was higher than organic. Mn yolk contents were lowest in courtyard eggs; Cr contents were highest in courtyard eggs. The differences in albumen were in Zn and Cr values, which were highest in courtyard eggs. Τhe results provide baseline measurements of trace mineral contents of eggs and suggest measurable differences amongst eggs from hens in different husbandry systems; the physiological significance of these differences are discussed.     

Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review

Botanicals are used in many countries for medicinal and general health-promoting purposes. Numerous natural occurrences of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits have been reported. Aflatoxins or ochratoxin A (OTA) have been found in botanicals such as ginseng, ginger, liquorice, turmeric, and kava-kava in the USA, Spain, Argentina, India, and some other countries, while fumonisins have been found in medicinal wild plants in South Africa and in herbal tea and medicinal plants in Turkey. Zearalenone was identified in ginseng root. Dried fruits can be contaminated with aflatoxins, OTA, kojic acid, and, occasionally, with patulin or zearalenone. One main area of concern is aflatoxins in dried figs; bright greenish yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet light is associated with aflatoxin contamination. OTA in dried vine fruits (raisins, sultanas, and currants) is another concern. There are also reports of aflatoxins in raisins and OTA in dried figs, apricots, dried plums (prunes), dates, and quince. Maximum permitted levels in the European Union include 4 µg kg^-1 for total aflatoxins in dried fruit intended for direct consumption and 10 µg kg^-1 for OTA in dried vine fruit. This review discusses the occurrence of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits and analytical issues such as sampling, sample preparation, and methods for analysis. Fungal contamination of these products, the influence of sorting, storage, and processing, and prevention are also considered.     

恩施州植烟土壤及烟叶硒含量状况分析

调查了恩施州植烟土壤及烟叶硒含量状况。结果表明:(1)恩施州植烟土壤硒含量平均为0.661 mg/kg,从土壤总硒水平来看,恩施土壤属于富硒土壤。烟叶硒含量平均为0.216 mg/kg,并表现为B2F>C3F>X2F,高于我国其他烟区。(2)恩施土壤硒的垂直地理分布特性明显,即随海拔高度的升高而极显著地增加;土壤硒含量与土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等大量元素具有极显著正相关,而与pH的相关性没有达到显著水平。当土壤等级为足硒和富硒土壤时,土壤中主要养分含量处于烟叶生长所需的适宜范围内。(3)在相对较高的硒含量土壤中,烟叶对硒的吸收累积强于低硒土壤。8个植烟县(市)土壤和烟叶硒含量的相关性均为正相关。     

THIOLS AND DISULPHIDES IN QUIESCENT AND GERMINATING BARLEY GRAINS,BOTH DORMANT AND MATURE

Reduced and oxidised glutathione, cysteine, cystine and traces (too small to quantify) of γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinylglycine were detected, in about the same amounts, in extracts of the embryos of dormant and mature barleys. During micromalting the levels of the thiols and disulphides altered in various ways, but altered in the same ways in dormant and mature samples of grain until germination began. An early decline in the glutathione content of embryos was mirrored by a rise in the amount in degermed grains. Histochemical tests and analyses of isolated tissues showed that in the quiescent grains thiols were concentrated in the embryo (particularly the scutellum) and in the aleurone layer and isolated embryos released thiols into an incubation medium. We conclude that the endogenous thiols and disulphides are not obviously involved in the regulation of dormancy.