Space-Time-Block-Coded Transmissions for Downlink MC-CDMA Transmissions Over Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

Mitigation of multipath fading effects and suppression of multiuser interference (MUI) constitute major challenges in the design of the third generation wireless mobile systems. Space-time (ST) coding offers a attractive solution to cope with mutipath fading, but most existing ST coding schemes assume flat fading channels that may not be realistic for wide-band communications. Especially multiuser ST block-coded transmissions through multipath fading channels present unique challenge in suppressing not only MUI but also intersymbol/chip interference. In this paper, we design ST multiuser transceivers for MC-CDMA quasi-synchronous systems, capable to reliably transmit over frequency-selective multipath downlink channels. The proposed system is able to provide transmit diversity and to guarantee symbol recovery in multiuser environments, regardless of unknown multipath. Unlike existing approaches, the mobile does not need to know the channel of other users. In addition to decoding simplicity, computer simulations show the performance merits of the proposed transceiver.     

Joint Optimum Linear Precoding and Power Control Strategies for Downlink MC-CDMA Systems

In this paper we derive two iterative joint precoding and power allocation methods for downlink MC-CDMA systems with multiple transmit antennas at the base station. The first method optimally solves the so called assigned target SINRs problem, i.e. determines the precoding coefficients and the minimum sum-power allocation under a constraint on the SINR of each user. The second method instead solves the maximum sum-rate problem, i.e. maximizes the system throughput under a constraint on the overall transmit power. The main result of this paper is that the proposed joint precoding and power control solutions provide an advantage with respect to suboptimal solutions for a fully loaded system, i.e. when the number of users is equal to the spreading factor times the number of transmit antennas. For lower loads, performance of the various schemes becomes closer.     

大规模MIMO下行预编码技术

考虑大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)中导频序列开销过大以及预编码复杂度的问题,提出了两种适用于大规模MIMO的预编码技术:基于用户调度和波束选择的波束分多址(BDMA)下行传输技术,即通过简单高效的贪婪算法进行用户调度和波束分配,使不同的用户在正交的波束上进行传输;基于用户分组的两级预编码技术,即基于用户分组的两级预编码方法,利用聚类算法将信道特性相似的用户分为一组,基站进行第一级组间干扰消除预编码,基站获取分组的等效瞬时信道后,进行第二级组内干扰消除预编码。研究结果证明:两种下行传输技术在解决大规模MIMO中导频开销过大和系统复杂度问题方面都是切实有效的。     

Loading Schemes for Downlink OFDMA Systems

In this paper we study the subcarrier and bit allocation strategies for downlink OFDMA system.Our opti-mization objective is to find optimum subcarrier and bit assignment minimizing the total transmitted power with the con-straints on BER and data rate for all users.We divide this problem into three steps:resource allocation,subcarrier assign-ment and single-user power and bit allocation.For the first two steps we propose new algorithms.Various loading schemesconstitute by combining these algorithms as well as algorithms proposed in Ref.[6].Simulation results demonstrate thatour proposed suboptimal loading scheme can achieve performance closer to the near optimal algorithm in Ref.[8]withmuch lower complexity than schemes in Ref.[6].     

A Leakage-Based Precoding Scheme for Downlink Multi-User MIMO Channels

In multiuser MIMO downlink communications, it is necessary to design precoding schemes that are able to suppress co-channel interference. This paper proposes designing precoders by maximizing the so-called signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) for all users simultaneously. The presentation considers communications with both single- and multi-stream cases, as well as MIMO systems that employ Alamouti coding. The effect of channel estimation errors on system performance is also studied. Compared with zero-forcing solutions, the proposed method does not impose a condition on the relation between the number of transmit and receive antennas, and it also avoids noise enhancement. Simulations illustrate the performance of the scheme     

分布式OFDMA系统下行资源分配算法

针对正交频分复用（OFDM）分布式天线系统（DAS）的下行链路,在发送端采用最大比发送（MRT）并且单天线功率受限、所有发射天线的总功率受限,考虑用户最低速率要求时,丈中提出一种最大化和速率容量的次优资源分配策略。仿真结果表明,动态天线选择策略下DAS比集中式天线系统（CAS）获得更大的和速率容量,并且更容易达到最低速率的要求。     

Full-Rank and Rank-Deficient Precoding Schemes for Single-Carrier Block Transmissions

In block-mode transmission, inserting a cyclic prefix (CP) between two consecutive blocks provides an efficient way of removing interblock interference and simplifies equalization of frequency-selective channels at the receiver. Here, we address optimal training design for channel estimation in such systems. Our investigations focus on affine precoding schemes. In designing the precoder, least squares channel estimation is constrained to be decoupled from symbol detection, which results in orthogonal precoding schemes. If the precoding matrix is full-rank, the data rate (or bandwidth) has to be traded off to accommodate training. We propose a full-rank orthogonal single-carrier (FROSC) precoding with a low peak-to-average power ratio. Then, in order to improve bandwidth efficiency, we propose a rank deficient orthogonal single carrier (DROSC) precoding scheme. Symbol recovery is still possible thanks to the finite alphabet property of the data symbols.     

LTE系统中下行预编码技术

长期演进技术（LTE,Long Term Evolution）采用正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）和多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）相关技术作为其无线网络演进的标准。MIMO是下一代无线移动通信的关键技术之一,它通过使用多天线来抑制信道衰落,能够获得比传统单输入单输出（Single Input,Single Output）系统更高的信道容量,在实际中有广泛的应用。文中主要研究了LTE系统中MIMO下行链路的预编码技术以及相关仿真算法。仿真结果表明了LTE系统中预编码技术的有效性。     

Hybrid partitioned cellular downlink structure for MC-CDMA and OFDMA

Two multiple access candidates for next generation (4G) downlink cellular radio systems in a multi-cell environment are addressed. An orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme, and a multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) scheme are studied. Upper and lower bounds for error performances are given to compare the two multiple access proposals. Finally, a hybrid partitioned cellular structure is proposed to provide best error performances.     

Transmission Strategies for MISO Downlink MC-CDMA Mobile Systems

This paper proposes two space-frequency schemes with a multi-user pre-filtering technique for downlink (DL) multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. We consider the use of antenna arrays at the base station (BS) and a single antenna at the mobile terminal (MT) and derive the proposed multi-user pre-filtering technique that modulates the transmitted signal to eliminate the effects of multiple access interference (MAI) and channel distortions at the mobile terminals, while maintaining low MT complexity. Two types of detectors are considered at the MT: simple despreading and single user equalizers. The performances of the proposed schemes are compared to those of other transmit signal design approaches that have been recently proposed for DL MC-CDMA, considering both typical indoor and pedestrian scenarios, and channel coding based on UMTS specifications.     

一种自适应的OFDMA系统下行分组调度算法

提出了一种适合于OFDMA（正交频分多址接入）系统的资源分配与调度算法,该算法利用物理层的信道信息和MAC层的队列状态信息,并综合考虑了数据分组传输的时延要求和业务的优先级,采取资源块与子载波分配相结合的资源分配方式。仿真结果表明,该算法在吞吐量和公平性方面都得到了较好的改善。     

Pre-equalization Techniques for Downlink and Uplink TDD MC-CDMA Systems

Time division duplex (TDD) multi carrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems have recently been proposed as potential candidates for next generation (4G) technology. In order to mitigate multiple access interference, in this paper we investigate pre-equalization schemes for both downlink and uplink transmissions, the former also in a multiple transmit antenna scenario. In particular, new pre-equalizer techniques are introduced and complexity issues addressed. Numerical results are given to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed schemes with respect to other existing pre-equalizer solutions. Paola Bisaglia was born in Padova, Italy, on August 8, 1971. She received the Laurea (cum laude) and Ph.D. degrees in electronic engineering from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy in 1996 and 2000 respectively. In 2000 she joined Hewlett-Packard Research Laboratories, Bristol, England, working on Home Phoneline Networking and wireless LANs. From 2002 she is a research fellow at the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Padova, Italy. Her research interests include wireless local area networks; modulation, coding techniques and detection strategies for next generation (4G) broadband cellular systems, based on the combination of multi-carrier and spread-spectrum modulations. Luca Sanguinetti is a Ph.D. Student of the University of Pisa. He was born in Empoli, Italy, on February 19, 1977, and he received the Doctor Engineer degree (cum laude) in information engineering from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 2002. Since 2002 he was with the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Pisa, where he is working toward the Ph.D. degree in information engineering under the supervision of Prof. Umberto Mengali and Prof. Michele Morelli. In 2004, he was a visiting Ph.D. student at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Currently he is involved in a research project dealing with the design and the development of base stations and user terminals for wideband wireless communications systems able to cope with those reconfigurability and interoperability characteristics required by the next generation mobile communication systems. His research interests are in wireless communication theory, with emphasis on synchronization and detection algorithms and channel estimation in multiple-access communication systems. Michele Morelli received the Laurea (cum laude) in electrical engineering and the “Premio di Laurea SIP” from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 1991 and 1992 respectively. From 1992 to 1995 he was with the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Pisa, where he received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering. In September 1996 he joined the Centro Studi Metodi e Dispositivi per Radiotrasmissioni (CSMDR) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in Pisa where he held the position of Research Assistant. Since 2001 he has been with the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Pisa where he is currently an Associate Professor of Telecommunications. His research interests are in wireless communication theory, with emphasis on synchronization algorithms and channel estimation in multiple-access communication systems. Nevio Benvenuto received the Laurea degree from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in 1976 and 1983, respectively, both in electrical engineering. From 1983 to 1985 he was with AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, working on signal analysis problems. He spent the next three years alternating between the University of Padova, where he worked on communication systems research, and Bell Laboratories, as a Visiting Professor. From 1987 to 1990, he was a member of the faculty at the University of Ancona. He was a member of the faculty at the University of L'Aquila from 1994 to 1995. Currently, he is a Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Padova. His research interests include voice and data communications, digital radio, and signal processing. Silvano Pupolin received the Laurea degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Padova, Italy, in 1970. Since then he joined the Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, where currently is Full Professor of Electrical Communications. He was Chairman of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering from 1990 to 1994, Chairman of the PhD Course in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering from 1991 to 1997 and Director of the PhD School in Information Engineering from 2004. Also, he was member of the programming and development committee from 1997 to 2002 and member of Scientific Committee from 1996 to 2001 of the University of Padova; member of the budget Committee of the Faculty of Engineering from 2003. He has been actively engaged in research on: Digital communication systems over copper wires and fiber optics; Spread spectrum communication systems; Design of large reliable communications networks; Effects of phase noise and HPA nonlinearities in OFDM systems; 3G mobile radio communications systems (UTRA-FDD and TDD) and beyond 3G (OFDM modulation and MC CDMA); Packet radio, Ad-hoc networks with the use of Bluetooth and WLAN. He was Chairman of the 9-th and 10-th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications devoted to “Broadband Wireless Communications” and to “Multimedia Communications”, respectively, and he was General Chair of the 7th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC'04). He spent the summer 1985 at AT&T Bell Laboratories on leave from Padova, doing research on digital radio systems. He was Principal investigator for research projects entitled “Variable bit rate mobile radio communication systems for multimedia applications”, “OFDM Systems with Applications to WLAN Networks”, and “MC-CDMA: an air interface for the 4th generation of wireless systems”.     

多小区MIMO系统中基于泄漏的多用户下行链路预编码新算法

针对多小区MIMO系统的多用户下行链路预编码设计是未来移动通信系统研究的重要内容之一。本文在蜂窝多小区MIMO通信环境下,基于信漏噪声比(Signal-to-Leakage-Noise Ratio,SLNR)最大准则,提出了改进的多用户下行链路线性预编码算法。通过在优化目标中考虑接收端白化滤波器的影响,该预编码算法实现了对用户间干扰和小区间干扰(OCI)的同步抑制消除;在求解预编码矩阵优化问题时,本文基于QR分解提出了一种新的低复杂度求解算法,该算法能以较低的计算复杂度实现系统性能的有效提升。仿真实验结果表明,本文的改进SLNR线性预编码算法能有效抑制小区间干扰(OCI)的影响,使多小区MIMO系统获得更高的和速率(Sum Rate)容量。      

Downlink Radio Resource Allocation for Multi-Cell OFDMA System

This paper presents a radio resource control (RRC) scheme for OFDMA systems where dynamic resource allocation is realized at both a radio network controller (RNC) and base stations (BSs). The scheme is semi-distributed in the sense that the RRC decision is split between RNC and BSs. RNC makes decision on which channel is used by which BS at super-frame level and BSs then make decision on which user is assigned to which channel at frame-level. Two optimization problems for RNC and BSs are formulated and computationally efficient algorithms that perform the function of interference avoidance and traffic/channel adaptation are developed. Numerical analysis is performed under several cell configurations to show tradeoffs between sector interference suppression and dynamic interference avoidance. The results indicate that with reasonable signaling overhead, the protocol and the associated algorithms yield excellent performance for both real-time and non real-time services, even under fast fading     

FIR Zero-Forcing Multiuser Detection and Code Designs for Downlink MC-CDMA

This paper focuses on multiuser detection for multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems, employing cyclic-prefixed (CP) or zero-padded (ZP) transmission techniques. For both systems, we consider either the classical linear finite-impulse response (L-FIR) receiving structures or, when the transmitted symbols are improper, the proposed widely linear FIR (WL-FIR) ones, which process both the received signal and its complex-conjugate version. With regard to both CP- and ZP-based downlink configurations, it is shown that, if the number of users does not exceed a given threshold and their codes are appropriately designed, L-FIR and WL-FIR universal zero-forcing (ZF) multiuser detectors can be synthesized, which, in the absence of noise, guarantee perfect symbol recovery for each user, regardless of the underlying frequency-selective channel. In particular, some spreading code examples are provided, which satisfy the design rules. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to show that the theoretical considerations developed herein provide useful guidelines for practical MC-CDMA system designs.     

Interference Cancellation with Space Diversity for Downlink MC-CDMA Systems

Modern wireless communications require an efficient spectrum usage and high channel capacity and throughput. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), Linear equalizers, multi-user detection and multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) are possible solutions to achieve spectral efficiency, high channel capacity, eliminate multiple access interference (MAI), eliminate Inter symbol interference (ISI) and robustness against frequency selective fading. In this paper, we combine all these techniques and investigate BER performance. We propose a low complexity receiver structure for Single-input Multiple-output (SIMO) downlink MC-CDMA systems. It employs an interference cancellation scheme to suppress the interference caused by the multipath fading channel. Also, the proposed scheme is developed for MIMO MC-CDMA system. The performance analysis of Downlink MIMO MC-CDMA systems with V-BLAST over frequency selective fading channel is investigated under various number of transmit and receive antennas. The simulation results show proposed SIMO equalization with parallel interference cancellation scheme is effective in reducing the ISI and the MAI. It improves the performance significantly and the simulation results show that MIMO MC-CDMA with V-BLAST multi-user detection provides high data rate and the BER significant improvement.     

A Low-Complexity Precoding Scheme for Downlink Massive MU-MIMO Systems with Low-Resolution DACs

In this paper, we investigate the problem of downlink precoding for the narrowband massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system with low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs). We introduce a low-complexity precoding scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework in this work. An efficient gradient descent (GD) algorithm with adaptive step-size determination mechanism (ASGD) is proposed to alleviate the computational complexity bottleneck of the inherent matrix inversion. Numerical results demonstrate that the ASGD precoder achieves an attractive trade-off between the performance and computational complexity compared with other counterparts.

     

A Simple Superposition Coding Scheme for Optimizing Resource Allocation in Downlink OFDMA Systems

In this paper, we propose to apply a simple superposition coding strategy for downlink of OFDMA systems. The novelty of this paper consists on allowing at most two users to share the same subchannel. The main idea is to consider the subchannels allocated to the users with the weakest link, and allow these subchannels to be shared by some potential users who can transmit some number of bits with only a small amount of power. To decrease the overhead of the proposed OFDMA system, we restrict to use a predetermined superposition encoding|decoding scheme. We address the problem of resource allocation, which consists on finding the optimal subchannel assignment in the OFDMA system. A low complexity algorithm, denoted Share Specific Subcarrier Allocation (SSSA) is then proposed. It offers a fairness allocation among users. This can be done by taking into account all user’s buffer states information. Simulation results confirm that the proposed technique outperforms the classical algorithms in terms of total throughput and dropping probability.     

一种基于特定干扰图样的下行多用户MIMO预编码方法

本文在研究线性迫零类下行多用户MIMO预编码方法的基础上,提出了一种适用于单天线用户的预编码矩阵生成方法.利用信道补矩阵的奇异值分解,可以将下行多用户MIMO信道分解为多个带有基于干扰图样产生的多用户干扰的并行单用户信道.同时本文给出了一种特殊的干扰图样以及相应的显式参数优化方法,包括波束成型和功率分配.通过计算机仿真,重点在4天线场景下分析了该预编码器的系统性能.结果显示,相对于线性迫零类算法,本文提出的预编码方法可以有效的提高系统性能.在Pout等于0.1时,相对于单天线的BD方法,PBIF-Rp将损耗信道容量提高了超过45%,而PBIF-Op提高了100%以上.仿真结果和分析都证明了本方法的进一步研究的潜力.     

TDD大规模MIMO系统中两种新的下行预编码方案

针对时分双工大规模MIMO系统,该文提出两种新的下行链路预编码方案,即新最大比合并(NMRC)和新迫零(NZF)方案,通过理论分析得到两种新预编码方案下目标用户和非目标用户的下行链路信干噪比和频谱效率的表达式,并与传统的迫零(ZF)和最大比合并(MRC)预编码的下行链路信干噪比、频谱效率和误码率性能进行比较.仿真结果表明,所提出的NMRC和NZF预编码与传统的MRC和ZF预编码相比,在不增加运算复杂度的前提下可以获得更好的性能,而且新的预编码方案在提高目标用户性能的同时,对其他非目标用户的性能也有一定的改善.