钛锆复合氧化物微粉的制备

TiO2·ZrO2复合氧化物具有比TiO2和ZrO2更高的比表面积、更好的热稳定性。本文采用水热法制备TiO2·ZrO2复合氧化物微粉,初步探索了TiO2·ZrO2复合氧化物微粉的制备方法、烧结性能。     

Ni0.5 Fe2.5 O4/ZrO2磁性纳米固体酸的合成与表征

将磁性基质Ni0.5Fe5O4／ZrO2和ZrO2进行组装制备出磁性固体酸催化剂，采用TEM、DTA、XRD等手段对Ni0.5Fe5O4／ZrO2磁性固体酸催化剂的结构和性能进行表征，结果表明磁性基质的引入延迟了ZrO2的晶化以及ZrO2(t)相向ZrO2(m)相的转变，使ZrO2更加稳定．     

二氧化硅/二氧化锆核壳复合材料的制备及性能

合成了一种新型的二氧化硅/二氧化锆(SiO2/ZrO2)核壳型复合材料。利用异丙醇锆的水解缩合在SiO2微球表面沉积ZrO2层,得到二氧化锆包覆的SiO2/ZrO2核壳型复合氧化物。采用SEM、EDX、XRD等对复合材料的形貌及性质进行表征。利用IR-1红外发射率测量仪测定复合粒子在8～14μm波段的红外发射率。结果显示:该复合物具有明显的核壳结构。随着沉积次数的增加,ZrO2在SiO2表面的含量增加。ZrO2层经高温热处理可分别形成四方和单斜两种晶型。ZrO2层沉积在SiO2表面后,得到的SiO2/ZrO2核壳复合粒子的红外发射率较基底SiO2的有所降低。ZrO2的晶型也影响着复合材料的红外发射性能。ZrO2层为单斜晶的SiO2/ZrO2核壳复合物在8～14μm波段的红外发射率值比ZrO2层为四方晶时的更小。ZrO2层和SiO2球之间的界面作用解释了该复合材料红外发射率降低的原因。     

氧化锆负载硝酸盐固体碱催化剂的制备与表征

氧化锆分别用NaNO3、KNO3、Ca(NO3)2浸渍,经高温焙烧制得Na2O/ZrO2、K2O/ZrO2、CaO/ZrO2固体碱催化剂,将其用于碳酸二甲酯和异辛醇酯交换合成碳酸二异辛酯的反应。通过XRD、FT-IR、BET等表征手段,分析了催化剂的物相结构、硝酸盐与载体的相互作用及焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,Na2O/ZrO2、K2O/ZrO2、CaO/ZrO2固体碱催化剂分别在600,500,700℃达到各自活性的最大值。Na2O/ZrO2具有高活性和高稳定性,K2O/ZrO2活性高,但是稳定性较差。     

合成低聚甘油M/ZrO2催化剂的制备及性能

为寻找一种可用于连续化生产低聚甘油的固体碱催化剂,采用共沉淀法将Na+、K+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+掺杂到ZrO2中,分别制得Na/ZrO2、K/ZrO2、Ca/ZrO2、Sr/ZrO2、Ba/ZrO2,同时将制得的催化剂用于合成低聚甘油。通过XRD、Raman、CO2-TPD等方法研究掺杂不同金属离子对催化剂结构及其表面碱度的影响。采用GC,ICP等方法研究催化剂的活性和稳定性。结果表明,Na/ZrO2,K/ZrO2为单斜相,Ba/ZrO2为四方相,Ca/ZrO2,Sr/ZrO2为立方相,且各催化剂表现出不同的碱性位点。五种催化剂中Ca/ZrO2表现出最佳的稳定性, Ca2+浸出量为0.003%,催化剂用量减半并循环4次后,甘油转化率保持在22%以上,催化剂回收率在95%以上。在Ca/ZrO2用量为1 g,甘油用量100 g,反应温度270 ℃,反应24 h的条件下,低聚甘油产率为73.05%,选择性为100%。     

ZrO2复相陶瓷材料的研究

综合近几年来ZrO2复相陶瓷材料的研究情况,发现对ZrO2结构陶瓷的研究主要集中在力学性能的改善方面,本文总结了ZrO2复相陶瓷的研究情况和进展,作为后面对ZrO2复相陶瓷研究的基础和参考。     

高温下L12ZrO3吸附CO2的研究进展

Li2ZrO3能够在高温下吸附CO2,并且其吸附效率高、速度快、稳定性好且能够重复利用。作者对近年来有关Li2ZrO3材料吸附CO2的研究进行了分析,比较了Li2ZrO3的各种合成方法的优缺点,介绍了Li2ZrO3吸附CO2的反应机理,分析了影响Li2ZrO3吸附CO2的吸附量及速率的各种因素,并对高温下吸附CO2的Li2ZrO3材料的前景进行了展望。     

由二氯氧锆-醇-醋酸盐体系制备氧化锆纤维

本文用二氯氧锆醇溶液与醋酸盐相互作用制得醋酸氧锆的溶胶。将溶胶拉丝,烧结后即可得到ZrO2纤维,通过XRD分析确定ZrO2纤维的物相为亚稳态的四方相。对ZrO2纤维的前驱体ZrO（AC）2进行热重（TG）和差热（DTA）分析,对ZrO2纤维进行扫描电镜（SEM）分析,并对纤维进行抗拉强度测试。在此基础上讨论了ZrO2纤维的烧结过程。     

ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物对负载Ni基催化剂合成甲烷的性能影响

采用并流沉淀法制备了不同配比的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物,并通过浸渍法制备了10% Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,考察了复合氧化物载体的水热稳定性及ZrO2与Al2O3的配比对合成气制甲烷Ni基催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明：ZrO2的添加能在一定程度上抑制Al2O3的水解反应,这可能是ZrO2与Al2O3形成固溶体所致。随着ZrO2含量增加,复合氧化物载体的水热稳定性先降低后升高,当ZrO2与Al2O3质量比为0.24时,载体的水热稳定性最好。不同配比的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物负载Ni基催化剂的稳定性与载体的水热稳定性变化是一致的,说明载体的抗水热能力增强,催化剂结构更稳定,催化剂的活性稳定性相应增加。     

氧化锆增韧陶瓷材料的结构性能和应用

介绍了ZrO2的结构、性能，ZrO2增韧陶瓷材料的生产工艺及应用，并论述了ZrO2，增韧补强的机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.