黄磷尾气燃气锅炉的腐蚀行为

采用实验室加速腐蚀实验对比研究316L、304不锈钢和20^#锅炉钢(记为20g)在模拟黄磷尾气腐蚀环境条件下的腐蚀性能。结果表明,316L不锈钢的耐蚀性要优于304不锈钢和20g,在250℃~300℃时304和316L不锈钢均发生酸蒸汽的露点腐蚀,且 304不锈钢出现较为严重的孔蚀现象。     

硝酸重沸器的腐蚀失效分析和防护对策

运用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、光电子能谱仪等测试分析手段,研究了304L奥氏体不锈钢制造的硝酸重沸器在生产环境下的腐蚀形态,探讨了腐蚀机理.结果表明:该设备在89℃,55%浓硝酸生产条件下产生了非敏化态晶间腐蚀,其特征是腐蚀介质不但沿晶界向钢的内部渗入,而且同时向晶界的两侧扩展,晶界区磷的含量(约2.6%)比晶内高约...     

几种不同材料在含硫介质中的腐蚀性

用失重法和恒电位极化法研究了45#碳钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层在含S介质中的腐蚀性.结果表明,低温条件下,S2-浓度变化对4种材料阴极极化和阳极极化影响较小,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化曲线相似,为典型的阴、阳极控制的电化学腐蚀过程,自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流相近;Ni-P合金镀层出现了钝化区;45#碳钢出现了阳极控制的扩散过程.温度升高,腐蚀速率增大,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化率变大,Ni-P合金镀层的钝化性能减弱, 1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层均是含S介质中的耐蚀材料.     

尿素对模拟汽车废气环境中不锈钢冷凝液腐蚀行为的影响

采用高温废气氧化-酸性冷凝液浸泡循环法模拟柴油机的排气环境,对比研究废气中引入尿素后排气系统用304和439不锈钢的冷凝液腐蚀行为,并分析了尿素对不锈钢氧化与腐蚀的作用。电化学测试结果表明：经400 ℃氧化后,304不锈钢在冷凝液中的腐蚀处于钝化状态,而439不锈钢的腐蚀趋于活化状态;在有/无尿素条件下,试样表面产物膜在氧化和腐蚀的循环作用下均会发生破坏而形成局部腐蚀坑;废气中引入尿素会增强其对两种不锈钢的氧化作用,进而导致不锈钢的均匀腐蚀量增大而局部腐蚀深度减小。     

汽车SCR系统用不锈钢的冷凝液腐蚀行为研究

运用600 ℃废气氧化与80 ℃冷凝液浸泡方法研究了柴油机SCR系统用441和304两种不锈钢的冷凝液腐蚀行为。结果表明：经有/无尿素的废气氧化后,441不锈钢在冷凝液中的腐蚀均处于钝化状态,而304不锈钢的腐蚀均处于活化状态;阳极极化曲线测量后,441不锈钢表面形成了点蚀坑,304不锈钢部分表面区域有明显的晶间腐蚀特征,氧化环境中引入尿素对两种不锈钢的前述局部腐蚀都具有增强作用。     

J4不锈钢及化学镀Ni-P和Ni-Cu-P镀层在液-固两相流中的冲刷腐蚀行为

用质量损失法系统研究了不同温度(25和50℃)和不同冲刷速率(0.63—1.88 m/s)下,J4不锈钢、Ni-P和Ni-Cu-P合金镀层,及对比材料316L不锈钢在液-固两相流(20%H_2SO_4+20 g/L Al_2O_3)中的冲刷腐蚀行为,结果表明:不锈钢和镀层的抗冲刷腐蚀性能由高到低依次为镀态Ni-Cu-P,镀态Ni-P,热处理态Ni-Cu P,316 L,J4,提高两相流介质温度均使它们的冲刷腐蚀速率增大。316L不锈钢在25℃液-固两相流介质中的冲刷腐蚀速率分别为镀态Ni-Cu P,镀态Ni-P和热处理态Ni-Cu-P镀层的8.5倍,8倍和2.6倍以上,而在50℃下分别为392倍,80倍和14.8倍以上;J4不锈钢在25和50℃液-固两相流介质中的冲刷腐蚀速率分别为316L不锈钢的28倍和13倍以上,在25和50℃,J4不锈钢分别为选择性腐蚀和均匀腐蚀,而316L不锈钢均为轻微选择性腐蚀,Ni-P和Ni-Cu-P合金镀层均为均匀腐蚀。     

加氢装置脱H_2S汽提塔塔顶系统的腐蚀评价及选材

模拟脱H2S汽提塔塔顶系统现场工况,采用浸泡腐蚀挂片、恒电位阳极极化法、U型弯曲应力腐蚀等方法对20号钢、304L、321、316L及2205不锈钢在湿硫化氢环境中的均匀腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性进行了研究,并利用体视显微镜和SEM对金属试样的微观腐蚀形貌进行了观察。结果表明:20号钢耐蚀性较差,易在低温下发生氢鼓泡,奥氏体不锈钢304L、321、316L及双相不锈钢2205的腐蚀速率较小,耐蚀性好,其中304L和321不锈钢耐点蚀性能稍差,表面出现了轻微点蚀造成的蜂窝状的局部腐蚀;H2S的存在明显提高了奥氏体不锈钢在Cl-环境中的点蚀敏感性;304L、321及316L不锈钢焊接试样均具有较好的耐应力腐蚀开裂性能。     

不同温度下溶解氧对304不锈钢在海水中腐蚀性能的影响

采用循环极化和电化学阻抗方法,研究了不同温度下溶解氧对304不锈钢在海水中腐蚀电化学性能的影响。循环极化结果表明,在不同温度条件下,随着溶解氧浓度的增加,不锈钢自腐蚀电位均略微正移,点蚀电位在4℃低温环境下正移,15℃条件下负移。在4℃、7．5mg／L溶解氧条件下以及15℃时3．0mg／L、7．5mg／L溶解氧条件下,...     

Al/有机硅涂层对304不锈钢在400℃盐和水蒸气综合作用下的防护作用

研究了304不锈钢在400℃、盐和水蒸气综合作用下的腐蚀行为及添加Al粉的有机硅涂层对不锈钢的防护作用.结果表明，304不锈钢裸样发生了较为严重的腐蚀.刷涂了有机硅涂层的304不锈钢在相同的条件下没有发生腐蚀，涂层对304不锈钢具有优异的防护作用.讨论了有机硅涂层的防护机理.     

有机硅涂层对304不锈钢在400℃盐和水蒸气综合作用下的防护作用

研究了304不锈钢在400℃、盐和水蒸气综合作用下的腐蚀行为及添加Al粉和Ti粉的有机硅涂层对不锈钢的防护作用．结果表明，304不锈钢裸样发生了较为严重的腐蚀．刷涂了有机硅涂层的304不锈钢在相同的条件下没有发生腐蚀，涂层对304不锈钢具有优异的防护作用．讨论了有机硅涂层的防护机理．     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY SYSTEM PrCl_2-CaCl_2-MgCl_2

Three surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,CaCl_2 andMgCl_2 respectively,3 univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization and a ternaryeutectic(44.8 wt-% PrCl_3,31.8 wt-% CaCl_2,546℃)were found in systemPrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 by means of DTA.A reaction occurs in this system:L=PrCl_3+CaCl_2+MgCl_2.