激光熔覆MoS2／TiC／Ni减摩耐磨复合涂层组织及磨损性能的研究

以MoS2、TiC、Ni粉为原料，在20钢基材表面利用激光熔覆技术制备了减摩耐磨复合涂层。采用SEM和XRD对复合涂层的组织和相组成进行了研究，结果表明复合涂层主要由部分未熔的TiC颗粒、M02C、γ镍基固溶体和多种两元、三元硫化物TiS、NiS、Ni3Ti4S8等组成。用FALEX。6摩擦磨损实验机对MoS2／TiC/Ni复合涂层、MoS2/Ni激光熔覆层以及45钢的耐磨性能进行了对比，并对三种试样表面的磨损形貌进行了SEM观察。实验表明：MoS2／Ni激光熔覆层具有最低的摩擦系数，但磨损失重最大；MoS2／TiC／Ni复合涂层在载荷17．8N、转速200r／min条件下，磨损40分钟，其磨损失重仅为45钢的1／6。     

激光熔覆制备MoS2/Ni基自润滑复合涂层组织及磨损性能

通过在镍基合金中添加MoS2固体自润滑相,利用激光熔覆技术在20CrMo钢基材表面制备MoS2/Ni基复合涂层,获得与基体冶金结合且无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的熔覆层.使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对激光熔覆层组织、成分进行表征,用MMG-10型高温高速摩擦磨损试验机对MoS2/Ni基涂层的摩擦性能进行测试.研究结果表明,在试验温度20～800 ℃范围内,复合自润滑涂层的摩擦系数比Ni基合金涂层显著降低,随MoS2含量增加,摩擦系数呈降低趋势;在MoS2同含量的复合材料中,其摩擦系数随试验温度升高呈先降后升的趋势,含8%MoS2复合自润滑涂层的摩擦系数,在600 ℃时达到最小值0.2.     

激光熔覆铁基Cr_3C_2/MoS_2覆层的组织和摩擦磨损性能

采用激光熔覆方法,在45钢表面制备出铁基-Cr3C2/MoS2耐磨减摩覆层,通过OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、摩擦磨损试验及XPS对覆层组织、摩擦磨损性能及磨球表面氧化进行了分析。研究表明,熔覆过程中Cr3C2分解主要生成了Cr23C6硬质相;MoS2部分分解形成了CrS微粒,与保留的MoS2一起对覆层材料起到润滑作用。与铁基合金覆层相比,加入Cr3C2/MoS2颗粒后,覆层的摩擦磨损性能显著改善;加入12Cr3C2/6MoS2后,覆层的摩擦因数降低到0.21,仅为铁基覆层的56%,相对耐磨性为其2倍;与Cr12MoV钢相比,铁基-12Cr3C2/6MoS2覆层的摩擦因数仅为其51%,相对耐磨性为其2.4倍。研究表明,覆层表面磨损形式主要是粘着磨损及磨粒磨损,加入Cr3C2/MoS2颗粒相后覆层的磨损程度减轻。XPS分析表明,其磨球表面形成了Cr、Fe的氧化物,对降低磨耗及摩擦阻力有积极作用。     

激光熔覆TC4/Ni/MoS2自润滑涂层的组织与摩擦学特性

通过添加MoS2固体自润滑相,利用激光熔覆技术在TC4合金基材表面制备TC4/N i/MoS2复合材料,获得冶金质量较好的熔覆层。对激光熔覆层用扫描电境（SEM）进行形貌观察,并进行能谱成分分析,用XRD进行合金物相的表征,用MMG-10型高温高速摩擦磨损试验机对MoS2/Ti基涂层的摩擦性能进行测试。研究结果表明,TC4/Ni/MoS2复合涂层摩擦系数比TC4激光涂层显著降低,高温摩擦系数减小尤为明显,而且随添加MoS2含量的增多,涂层摩擦系数有减小的趋势,对比TC4激光涂层和复合涂层的磨耗,TC4/N i/MoS2复合涂层的磨耗显著低于TC4涂层,其耐磨性提高约9倍。     

激光熔覆Ni基合金/SiC涂层耐冲蚀性能的研究

采用激光熔覆技术分别在45#钢表面制备Ni基合金及Ni基合金/SiC涂层,研究了熔覆层的硬度和耐冲蚀性能,探讨了熔覆层的冲蚀磨损机理.     

45钢表面激光熔覆Ni合金粉末的组织和耐腐蚀性能研究

利用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了Ni基合金熔覆层,通过SEM、XRD等方法研究涂层相及组织,测试截面显微硬度。利用HT-1000型摩擦磨损设备对其摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:熔覆层与基体成冶金结合,结合质量良好;熔覆层组织具有定向凝固特征且晶粒生长方向垂直于界面;熔覆层主要由Ni3Cr2、NiTi、SiC、TiC及γ-Ni等相组成;熔覆试样的磨损质量损失约为基材的1/8,基材耐磨性得到显著提高。     

激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr3C2涂层组织及性能

采用激光技术在45钢表面熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层,采用SEM,XRD等手段进行熔覆层的显微组织、相组成及成分分析,并测试熔覆层的耐蚀性和耐磨性能.结果表明,Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂熔覆层底部生成方向性较强的胞状树枝晶,中上部组织为细小的树枝晶.涂层主要是由γ-(Fe, Ni),M₂₃C₆型碳化物以及未熔的WC颗粒组成.细晶强化、合金元素固溶强化以及碳化物强化的共同作用,使熔覆层的显微硬度提高至711HV0.1.熔覆层耐蚀性明显改善,腐蚀电流密度约为45钢的1/4.随着摩擦速度的增大,激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层和45钢磨损量增加,且熔覆层的磨损量低于45钢,表明其耐磨性能明显提高.     

钛合金TC4激光熔覆NiCrBSi+Ni/MoS_2涂层组织和摩擦磨损性能

以Ni60+Ni/MoS2混合粉末为熔覆材料,采用Nd:YAG激光器在TC4合金表面进行了激光熔覆试验,利用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等分析了激光熔覆层的微观组织,测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,在激光熔覆过程中MoS2发生了分解,分解出的S与Cr反应形成了CrxSy不定比化合物,Ni60合金中的C与基材表层熔化的Ti反应形成了TiC。反应形成的CrxSy化合物呈近球状颗粒形态,TiC呈树枝晶形态,二者均匀地分布在熔覆层中。由于TiC的硬质强化作用和CrxSy的润滑作用,激光熔覆层不仅具有较高耐磨性能,而且具有低而平稳的摩擦系数。     

激光熔覆TiC增强FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层磨损性研究

利用激光熔覆技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制得了以TiC为增强相、以FeAl 金属间化合物为基体的耐磨复合材料涂层，研究了激光熔覆。FiC／FeAl复合材料涂层在干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能及磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速率的增加，TiC／FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层的磨损速率增加，其磨损机制随着载荷的增加逐渐由磨料磨损向粘着磨损转变；激光熔覆层中TiC体积分数的增加，一方面提高了涂层的磨料磨损抗力，另一方面降低了熔覆层表面与对磨材料之间的粘着倾向，提高了TiC／FeAl涂层的滑动磨损性能。激光熔覆TiC/FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层具有优异的耐磨性能并随TiC体积分数的增加而提高。     

激光熔覆原位合成TiC增强Fe基复合层组织研究

在45钢表面激光熔覆原位合成TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对TiC/Fe复合涂层的显微组织、合金成分以及物相进行分析,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,当(Ti+C)的含量在复合粉末中的比例达到15%时,熔覆层生成了少量的TiC颗粒,其形状呈多面体和花瓣状,直径为1~5μm,长度为3~5μm,TiC增强相组织中含有Fe、Cr等元素,而不是单纯的二元碳化物。由于少量TiC颗粒的团聚现象,造成TiC激光熔覆层的显微硬度低于Fe基熔覆层,但TiC激光熔覆层磨损性能优于Fe基熔覆层。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。