陶瓷基复合材料天线罩制备工艺的研究

本文强调了陶瓷基复合材料用于天线罩制备的优势,并以无机先驱体浸渍烧成法、有机先驱体浸渍烧成法、无机盐溶液浸渍固化法为切入点,阐述了陶瓷基复合材料天线罩的主要制备工艺.在此基础上,对陶瓷基复合材料天线罩制备的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

Cf/SiC 复合材料的 ZrB2-SiC/SiC 超高温陶瓷涂层研究

采用两步包埋法在Cf/SiC复合材料表面制备了Zr B_2-SiC/SiC超高温陶瓷涂层。借助SEM、XRD对涂层的微观结构及物相组成进行了分析研究,并进行了高温静态氧化和热震测试。研究表明,1500°C氧化5 h后,涂层表面覆盖有平整的玻璃相氧化层,氧化失重率为6.4%;热震测试10次后涂层的氧化失重率为14%。Zr B_2-SiC/SiC涂层能有效提高Cf/SiC复合材料的高温抗氧化性能。     

陶瓷基复合材料天线罩制备工艺进展

天线罩是高超音速寻的制导导弹前端的重要部件,必须具有防热、透波、承载等多种功能。介绍了高超音速导弹天线罩候选材料二氧化硅、氮化硼和氮化硅的基本性能,综述了颗粒增强、纤维增强和叠层结构的陶瓷基复合材料天线罩的制备工艺与力学、介电性能,分析了陶瓷基复合材料天线罩研究存在的问题,指出了发展方向。     

SnO2基导电陶瓷靶材的制备及应用性能表征

为了获得高质量的SnO2薄膜,我们需要制备高密度、高导电的优质SnO2靶材。这里以分析纯的SnO2、Sb2O5粉体为制备原料,采用冷等静压加上常压烧结方法制备高导电性Sb∶SnO2(ATO)陶瓷靶材。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析靶材的化学成分和微观形貌并系统研究了不同的成型压力对靶材电学特性和致密度的影响。结果表明:成型压力的大小对于ATO靶材本身的致密度及电学特性都有很大的影响。成型压力为15MPa时,ATO靶材的电阻率最小,为0.38Ω.cm;SnO2靶材的收缩率达10.71%,靶材的致密度为95%;靶材可在射频磁控溅射仪下正常工作,并成功在玻璃基片上沉积性能良好的高红外反射透明导电SnO2薄膜。此制备过程操作方便,工艺简单,降低了靶材的成本,从而能够大大扩大透明导电薄膜的应用领域。     

SiO2基复合多孔陶瓷载体的制备

以正硅酸乙酯、铝粉、硼酸为主要原料,采用溶胶—凝胶和有机泡沫浸渍法的复合工艺制备网眼多孔SiO2基复合陶瓷载体。通过TG-DTA研究了试样在热处理过程中的物理化学变化;通过XRD、SEM扫描电镜研究了烧结体的物相组成及其显微组织。研究表明:烧结体以方石英为主要晶相,其次是莫来石;随Al2O3含量的增多,莫来石晶相逐渐增多;烧结体中不仅有许多宏观孔,宏观孔及孔壁中还分布着大量微孔,其微孔、晶粒大小分布比较均匀,最可几晶粒大小为3.27μm左右。     

SiO2陶瓷基体复合相变储能材料制备工艺的探讨

SiO2陶瓷基体的复合相变储能材料主要是由SiO2陶瓷基体和Na2SO4相变材料组成。通过实验探讨基体材料的粒度、成型压力、烧成温度对结果的影响。采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测定所制备的样品的融解热,采用热重分析仪(TG)表征样品的热稳定性。     

金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料的制备工艺与研究进展

金属间化合物材料具有许多优良的性能,可以将金属间化合物与陶瓷材料相复合形成金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料.金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料是近年来发展起来的一种新型复合材料,制备的金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料具有很多优异的性能.本文主要介绍金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料的制备工艺和力学性能以及研究进展,研究和开发的金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料主要包括Fe-Al金属间化合物/陶瓷复合材料,Ti-Al金属间化合物/陶瓷复合材料和Ni-Al金属间化合物/陶瓷复合材料.本文对金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料未来的发展趋势进行了分析和预测.     

模板浸渍法制备ZrO2纤维研究

将15 cm×15 cm×1 cm的粘胶纤维模板放入浓度为1、2及3 mol·L^-1的ZrOCl₂溶液,分别在20、40、60℃下浸渍20 h,经过洗涤、离心、干燥得到ZrO₂纤维前驱体,再对前驱体进行600、800、1 000、1 200℃保温2 h热处理制得ZrO₂纤维。研究浸渍温度、浸渍液浓度、热处理温度对ZrO₂纤维形貌和相组成的影响。结果表明,随着浸渍温度由20℃提高到60℃,浸渍液浓度由1 mol·L^-1提高到3 mol·L^-1,纤维横截面微观形貌由扁平状向圆柱状变化,同时纤维的平均直径逐渐增大,说明提高浸渍温度和浸渍液浓度有利于粘胶纤维模板对Zr⁴⁺的吸附。ZrO₂纤维经过热处理后,主要是以单斜相ZrO₂存在。随着热处理温度的增加,ZrO₂纤维晶粒变大,结晶程度增加,同时纤维表面经历由光滑到小晶粒出现再到裂纹出现的转变。     

ZrB2陶瓷制备研究进展

航天航空、新兵器、新能源等高科技领域的快速发展对超高温陶瓷材料提出了迫切的需求,ZrB2陶瓷材料是最重要的超高温陶瓷材料之一。本文阐明了ZrB2陶瓷拥有优异性能的原因,综述了ZrB2陶瓷材料的制备研究进展,介绍了固相法、气相法、前体法制备ZrB2陶瓷材料的机理,对比了各种ZrB2陶瓷材料制备方法的优缺点,并指出了有机前体转化法具有可设计性好、不含杂质元素、成型可控、陶瓷转化温度低等优点。本文总结得出有机前体转化法是制备ZrB2超高温陶瓷复合材料较理想的方法,以及基于有机聚合物的ZrB2陶瓷前体是未来重要的发展方向之一。     

热处理温度对SiO2f/SiO2复合材料性能的影响

开发承载隔热一体化的隔热材料对高温工业节能减排具有重要的现实意义。以石英纤维针刺毡为增强体,硅溶胶为先驱体,采用先驱体浸渍热处理法制备了石英纤维增强二氧化硅基(SiO_2f /SiO₂)复合材料。研究了热处理温度（400～900 ℃）对Si O_2f /SiO₂复合材料的密度、气孔率、力学性能及热学性能的影响。采用 X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜表征复合材料的组成及微观形貌;采用顶杆法和瞬态热线法测定复合材料的热膨胀系数和热导率。结果表明：随着热处理温度的提高,试样的密度变化不大,显气孔率和力学强度整体呈先升高再降低的趋势。450 ℃热处理后的试样综合性能最佳,试样的三点弯曲强度为 23.5 MPa,抗压强度为 61.9 MPa,表现出明显的韧性断裂行为。在 300～700 ℃之间,试样的热膨胀系数为 0.564×10^-6/℃,热导率随温度升高而降低,在 700 ℃时低至 0.096 W/（m·K）。Si O_2f/SiO₂复合材料在承载隔...     

等离子体反应合成铁铝尖晶石基复合材料

用喷雾造粒工艺制备了Fe2O3–Al复合粉体,通过等离子喷涂工艺制备出FeAl2O4基复合材料。对Fe2O3–Al复合粉颗粒在等离子体焰流内的状态变化、反应动力学、反应产物和急冷后材料的组织结构进行研究。结果表明：Fe2O3–Al复合粉颗粒在沉积前的温度为3 274.5℃,速率为179 m/s,主要反应产物为Fe–Al...     

Fabrication of SiC-Whisker-Reinforced MoSi2 Composites by Tape Casting

In this paper, we describe a procedure for the processing of SiC-whisker-reinforced MoSi₂ composites via tape casting. Based on the characteristics of SiC whiskers and MoSi₂ powder in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents, a slip formulation (solvent, dispersant, binder, etc.) has been developed. The formulation developed allows for a uniform distribution of SiC whiskers in the matrix, easy separation of the tapes from the polymeric carrier, convenient control of both tape thickness and orientation of SiC whiskers, and a low binder burnout temperature. The latter is important for the prevention of the oxidation of MoSi₂ powder during the binder burnout in an oxidizing atmosphere.     

SiC微粉加入对PIP法制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料的影响

本文采用聚合物先驱体浸渍-裂解法(Precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)制备出三维碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料(3D-C/SiC),研究了不同含量的SiC微粉对其制备周期、材料致密性和材料抗弯强度的影响.实验结果表明,先驱体溶液中加入适量SiC微粉可缩短3D-C/SiC的制备周期.材料致密度与抗弯强度随着先驱体中纳米SiC含量增加而不断增强,当含量达到11.76％时,材料致密度与抗弯强度达到最高,继续增加SiC微粉含量材料致密度与抗弯强度呈下降趋势.     

Influence of glass phase on Al2O3 fiber-reinforced Al2O3 composites processed by slip casting

The present work describes the processing of alumina fiber reinforced alumina ceramic preforms consisting of chopped Al₂O₃ fibers (33 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (67 wt%) fine powders by slip casting. The preforms were pre-sintered in air at 1100 °C for 1 h. A lanthanum based glass was infiltrated into these preforms at 1250 °C for 90 min. Linear shrinkage (%) was studied before and after glass infiltration. Pre-sintered and infiltrated specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, porosimetry and flexural strength. The alumina preforms showed a narrow pore size distribution with an average pore size of ∼50 nm. It was observed that introducing Al₂O₃ fibers into Al₂O₃ particulate matrix produced warp free preforms with minor shrinkage during pre-sintering and glass infiltration. It was observed that the infiltration process fills up the pores and considerably improves the strength and reliability of alumina preform.     

Improvement of oxidation resistance of unidirectional Cf/SiO2 composites by the addition of SiCp

Unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced fused silica composites (uni-C_f/SiO₂) with addition of different contents of SiC particle (SiC_p) were prepared by slurry infiltrating and hot-pressing. The model of oxygen infiltrating into the composite was supposed according to the characterization of fiber/matrix interface observed by transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The oxidation process of the composite was analyzed by thermo-gravimetry and differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC) method and the oxidation resistance was evaluated by the residual flexural strength and the fracture surface of the composite after heat treatment at elevated temperatures method. The results showed that the oxidation of carbon fiber started at 480 °C and ended at 800 °C and the oxidation of SiC_p started at above 1000 °C in the composite. The addition of 20 wt.% SiC_p had a better oxidation resistance. According to the characterization of fiber/matrix interface observed by TEM, gaps existed at the fiber/matrix interface which resulted from the CTE mismatch of carbon fiber and SiO₂ matrix. While the CTE mismatch between SiC_p and SiO₂ matrix could also result in the pre-existing gaps in the matrix. The oxygen penetrated along the gaps and simultaneously reacted with carbon fiber ends and SiC_p, which filled the gaps at the fiber/matrix interface and the pre-existing gaps in the matrix and subsequently prevented oxygen from infiltrating inward.     

Fabrication of SiO2-ZrO2 composite fiber mats via electrospinning

(1 − x)SiO₂-(x)ZrO₂ (x = 0.1, 0.2) composite fiber mats were prepared by electrospinning their sol-gel precursors of zirconium acetate and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) without using a polymer binder. The electrospun composite fibers were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mercury porosimetry. The composite fibers having a tetragonal crystalline ZrO₂ were obtained by calcining the electrospun composite fibers at high temperatures. The results show that the structure and crystallization of ZrO₂ in the composite fibers can be controlled by sintering temperature, while the porosity and morphology of the fiber mats did not depend on the sintering temperature.     

Al2O3/Cu-O composites fabricated by pressureless infiltration of paper-derived Al2O3 porous preforms

Al₂O₃/Cu-O composites were fabricated from the paper-derived alumina matrix infiltrated with a Cu-3.2?wt% O alloy. Paper-derived alumina preforms with an open porosity ranging from ～ 14 to ～ 25?vol% were prepared by sintering of alumina-loaded preceramic papers at 1600?°C for 4?h. Pressureless infiltration at 1320?°C for 4?h of the preforms with Cu–O alloy resulted in the nearly dense materials with good mechanical and electrical properties, e.g. fracture toughness up to 6?MPa?m^0.5, four-point-bending strength up to 342?MPa, Young's modulus up to 281?GPa and electrical conductivity up to 2?MS/m depending on the volume fraction of copper alloy in the composites. The technological capability of this approach was demonstrated using prototypes in various engineering fields fabricated by lamination, corrugating and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) methods.     

Fabrication of HAp-Coated Micro-Channelled t-ZrO2 Bodies by the Multi-Pass Extrusion Process

HAp-coated micro-channelled t -ZrO₂ bodies were fabricated using a multi-pass extrusion process in which carbon powders were used to facilitate the formation of pores and ethylene vinyl acetate was used as a binder. The unidirectional pores and HAp coating layers can be obtained easily, using the extrusion process. The micro-channelled bodies were 180 μm in diameter, and the HAp layer was uniformly coated on the pore walls. However, after being sintered above 1200°C, the HAp decomposed and was transformed into β-TCP, in which a large number of pores were observed. The maximum values of bending strength of HAp-coated and uncoated porous t -ZrO₂ bodies sintered at 1500°C were about 116 and 173 MPa, respectively, and their relative densities were about 57% and 63%, respectively.     

二氧化碳水合物浆在圆管中的流动特性

实验研究了固相分数为8.2%～23.1%的CO₂水合物浆在内径为8 mm的圆管中的流动特性。结果发现水合物浆在管内的流动压降随着流速的增加而增大。当流速低于0.60 m·s^-1时,浆体流变指数小于1,且随着固相体积分数的增大而减小,CO₂水合物浆为H-B流体,其表观黏度随着流速的增大而减小,呈剪切变稀特性。剪切速率为600 s^-1时,CO₂水合物浆的表观黏度为8.5～10.6 mPa·s。实验得到了CO₂水合物浆的流变特征参数及其流变方程,可为CO₂水合物浆的流动及其应用研究提供理论指导。     

Supersonic atmospheric plasma sprayed ZrO2 and ZrB2-SiC/ZrO2 coatings on Cf/Mg composites for anticorrosion

To improve the corrosion resistance of the carbon fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composites (C_f/Mg composites), ZrO₂ and ZrB₂-SiC/ZrO₂ composite coatings were prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying (SAPS) on C_f/Mg composites. The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings before and after the corrosion test were investigated. Open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization tests were measured at room temperature. Results revealed that the corrosion current density ($i_{\mathit{corr}}$) of the ZrO₂ coated C_f/Mg composites decreased by one order while the ZrB_2-SiC/ZrO₂ coated C_f/Mg composites reduced by two orders. Compared with C_f/Mg composites, the corrosion potential ($E_{\mathit{corr}}$) of the ZrO₂ and ZrB₂-SiC/ZrO₂ coated C_f/Mg composites increased by 220.5?mV and 1021.8?mV respectively, indicating that the ZrB₂-SiC/ZrO₂ composite coatings greatly improve the corrosion resistance of C_f/Mg composites. The uniform distribution of the SiC particles with small grain size in ZrB₂ is responsible for the densification of the coating. The ZrB₂-SiC/ZrO₂ composite coatings provide a barrier for the substrate to impede the entry of Cl^- in the corrosion solution, thus exhibiting a better corrosion resistance than the ZrO₂ coating.