PIP法制备C/C-SiC复合材料的工艺研究

以聚碳硅烷为原料,利用前驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。分别研究了以二乙烯基苯和二甲苯为溶剂的聚碳硅烷溶液的粘度值,选择最佳的溶液对复合材料进行浸渍裂解,同时研究了浸渍工艺对复合材料致密度的影响,并对制备的C/C-SiC复合材料进行了微观结构分析。研究表明:以二甲苯为溶剂配制的质量比为0.4的聚碳硅烷溶液在35°C下具有良好的流动性,裂解产率较高;采用超声、真空加压浸渍方式能够有效提高C/C-SiC复合材料的致密度,缩短制备周期。通过9个周期的浸渍裂解,将复合材料的密度快速提升至1.85 g/cm~3,材料的最终开气孔率为12.50%,材料内部结构致密,力学性能优异。     

基于WO3-MoO3和TiO2/CdS复合电极的光电致变色器件

电致变色广泛应用于智能窗领域,但电致变色材料仍需外部电源驱动,将太阳能电池与电致变色材料结合起来的光电致变色器件可实现无需外部供电的智能变色调控。性能优异的变色阴极和光阳极是当下光电致变色器件的研究热点。通过水热法制备WO₃-MoO₃薄膜,研究其电致变色性能;通过水热法结合连续离子层沉积法制备TiO₂/CdS复合薄膜,研究其光电转换性能。最后将WO₃-MoO₃薄膜和TiO₂/CdS复合薄膜分别作为光电致变色器件的变色阴极、光阳极构建WO₃/MoO₃-TiO₂/CdS光电致变色器件。WO₃/MoO₃-TiO₂/CdS光电致变色器件具有较大的光学调制范围(630nm处为41.99%)、更高的着色效率(35.787%),将其作为智能窗应用在现代建筑、通行工具等领域具有重要应用价值。     

有机前驱体中添加ZrB2和SiC微粉制备Cf/SiC-ZrB2复合材料

通过在有机前驱体溶液中加入惰性填料ZrB_2和SiC微粉,制备了C_f/SiC-ZrB_2复合材料。分别研究了三组不同含量的料浆对复合材料浸渍裂解效果的影响,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对制备的Cf/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的微观结构和元素组成进行了分析。研究表明:在有机前驱体溶液中添加无机粉体浸渍复合材料能够起到缩短制备周期、提高材料强度的目的。当加入惰性填料的质量分数为15%时,能够在8个制备周期内将复合材料的密度快速提升到2.0g?cm~(-3),而且制备的材料内部结构致密,力学性能优异。     

SiC微粉加入对PIP法制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料的影响

本文采用聚合物先驱体浸渍-裂解法(Precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)制备出三维碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料(3D-C/SiC),研究了不同含量的SiC微粉对其制备周期、材料致密性和材料抗弯强度的影响.实验结果表明,先驱体溶液中加入适量SiC微粉可缩短3D-C/SiC的制备周期.材料致密度与抗弯强度随着先驱体中纳米SiC含量增加而不断增强,当含量达到11.76％时,材料致密度与抗弯强度达到最高,继续增加SiC微粉含量材料致密度与抗弯强度呈下降趋势.     

纳米SiO2对先驱体浸渍裂解法制备SiCf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

以纳米SiO2为填料,采用先驱体浸渍裂解法制备2.5D-SiCf/SiC（D为维数,SiCf为SiC纤维）复合材料,研究了前驱液中纳米SiO2含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO2的添加能有效抑制先驱体裂解过程中的体积收缩,提高致密度,但过量引入易导致浸渍液黏度过高,浸渍效率降低。纳米SiO2含量对材料力学性能有较大影响,添加纳米SiO2后材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性均高于没有添加的样品,材料抗弯强度随纳米SiO2含量的增加先增大后降低。当浸渍液中纳米SiO2含量为6%时,复合材料具有优异的力学性能,抗弯强度达到211.1MPa。     

双模板法CeO2/g-C3N4形貌结构特征及湿式催化性能

利用微波辅助双模板法、软模板法制备了一系列的CeO₂/g-C₃N₄复合催化材料,通过XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、XPS、SEM和TEM等方式对材料进行表征,并对其湿式催化性能进行研究。结果表明,双模板法制备的D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料表现出立方相CeO₂和层叠g-C₃N₄的特征,比表面积和孔径较大,属于介孔结构,表面存在Ce^₃₊和Ce^₄₊,有利于氧空位的形成。加入1 g嵌段共聚物 F127,使用无水乙醇溶液为溶剂,调节混合液呈碱性,微波辐射反应120 min后得到的D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5)样品,结构完整均匀,具有最佳形貌特征。控制反应温度75 ℃,D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5)投加0.7 g,H₂O₂投加 0.5 mL,初始pH值为5时,100 mg/L的苯酚溶液COD去除率可达80%以上。 D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5) 复合催化材料使用五次以后仍可达60%以上的催化降解效果。     

浸渍工艺对反应烧结氮化硅结合碳化硅致密度的影响

以不同粒度的SiC、硅粉为原料,采用浇注成型制备反应烧结氮化硅结合碳化硅.选用不同浓度的硅溶胶、铝溶胶和氯化铝溶液,分别对坯体和1420℃氮气气氛下烧成后的试样进行真空浸渍.研究了烧前浸渍和烧后浸渍、浸渍液的种类和浓度等对试样氮化率、体积密度和显气孔率的影响.结果表明:对材料进行烧前浸渍和烧后浸渍均可以增加试样的致密度,但烧后浸渍的效果不如烧前浸渍;高浓度浸渍液不利于致密度的提高;在三种浸渍溶液中,烧前浸渍铝溶胶的试样氮化率提高最为明显,而浸渍氯化铝溶液的试样气孔率下降最为明显;综合考虑浸渍对致密度和氮化率的影响,采用烧前浸渍10％铝溶胶的试样效果较好.     

NiPd/TiO2催化剂的制备及其催化甲酸分解制氢性能

高效、清洁且无毒无害的催化剂是实现以甲酸(HCOOH)为化学储氢材料分解制氢的重点。本文采用水热法在453K的条件下制备TiO₂载体,再通过浸渍法向其中加入总量为0.1 mmol的NiCl₂.6H₂O和K₂PdCl₄金属溶液,将活性组分Ni、Pd负载到TiO₂载体上合成NiPd/TiO₂催化剂,并探究其对催化甲酸分解制氢的性能的影响。探究结果表明,在光照条件下,NiPd/TiO₂催化剂中,当金属Ni:Pd比例为2:8时,催化剂的反应转化频率(TOF)值最大,此时催化剂的 TOF 为3528 h_-1^,且该催化剂上甲酸分解的活化能(E_a)为53.9 kJ/mol。关键词：镍钯催化剂;甲酸;分解制氢;二氧化钛;光照中图分类号：TQ630 文献标识码： A 文章编号：     

CuO掺杂对(K0.46Na0.54)(Nb0.93Sb0.03Ta0.04)O3无铅压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷制备方法制备了(K_0.46Na_0.54)(Nb_0.93Sb_0.03Ta_0.04)O₃-x mol% CuO(简记为:KNNST- xCuO)陶瓷,探讨了CuO含量对该陶瓷材料的相结构、显微结构和电学性能的影响.实验结果表明,CuO的掺入使陶瓷材料的机械品质因数Q_m得到了显著的提高.当CuO含量为3mol%时,陶瓷样品的综合性能最佳:d₃₃=124pC/N ,k_p=0.41,Q_m=1054。     

多孔Al2O3-ZrO2陶瓷的微观结构

以Al₂O₃、ZrO₂陶瓷粉体为溶质,以莰烯为溶剂,以Texaphor963作为添加剂,制备出低粘度高稳定性的陶瓷浆料,采用冷冻注模工艺制备出具有较高强度的陶瓷坯体,采用无压烧结工艺,得到了多孔Al₂O₃-ZrO₂陶瓷制品,并对其微观结构进行了研究。     

Na3V2(PO4)3 with specially designed carbon framework as high performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries

The structures of materials have great influence on their properties. For materials with low electron conductivity, fast electron transport pathway can be constructed through carbon structure design. Here we report a simple but effective method to improve the electrochemical performances of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃. Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) can improve the viscosity of the precursor solution, thus forming aggregate structured material. In Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃, primary particles with a diameter of approximately 300?nm are aggregated through a special carbon network to form micro-sized secondary particles. This kind of structure will provide easy access for electron transportation, thereby improving electrochemical performance of the material. As a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ delivers excellent rate (86.6 mAh g^?1 at 30?C) and cycling performance (capacity retention of 88.4% after 2000 cycles at 10?C). The material also exhibits a specific capacity of 100.2 mAh g^?1 at 5?C under 55?°C. The above-mentioned performance is far better than the control sample without PVP. The special carbon network provides electron transport channels which improves the electrochemical performance of the material. This method may provide new ideas for the preparation of phosphate materials.     

The effects of high-temperature annealing on microstructure and performance of Cf/C-SiC composites modified by FeSi2

FeSi₂ modified C/C-SiC composites (C/C-SiC-FeSi₂) are fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) combined with reactive melt infiltration (RMI) with FeSi75 alloy. The effects of high-temperature annealing (1600?°C, 1650?°C, 1700?°C) on the microstructure and performance of C/C-SiC-FeSi₂ are investigated. With the elevation of annealing temperature, the porosity of the composites and the content of SiC increase due to the evaporation of liquid Si and the further reaction of Si and C. The mechanical performance gradually decreases due to the catalytic graphitization of the carbon fiber, the high porosity and the thermal residual stress (TRS) caused by thermal mismatch of different phases. The coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal diffusivity slightly decrease with increasing annealing temperature for the increase of porosity. However, the friction performance of the heat treated materials at high braking speed are greatly improved attributing to the increase of SiC content and the capturing and storage function of pores on hard particles.     

Preparation,ablation behavior and mechanism of C/C-ZrC-SiC and C/C-SiC composites

ZrC precursor was synthesized by a solution approach using ZrOCl₂·8H₂O, acetylacetonate, glycerol and boron-modified phenolic resin. A ZrC yield of ~ 40.56 wt% was obtained at 1500 °C in the C/Zr molar ratio of 1:1. C/C-ZrC-SiC composites were fabricated by a combined processes of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) using the synthesized ZrC precursor. For comparison, C/C-SiC composites were prepared by CVI. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that C/C-ZrC-SiC composites exhibited better oxidation resistance than C/C-SiC composites. After oxyacetylene torch ablation, the mass ablation rate of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites was 9.23% lower than that of C/C-SiC composites. The porous ZrO₂ skeleton in the ablation center was prone to be peeled off by the flame flow, resulting in the higher linear ablation rate of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites. The oxide layers of ZrO₂ and SiO₂ were formed on the transition and brim region of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites and acted as effective heat and oxygen barriers. For C/C-SiC composites, the C-SiC matrix was severely depleted in the ablation center and the formed SiO₂ layer in the brim region could protect the matrix against further ablation.     

Hollow porous carbon microspheres obtained by the pyrolysis of TiO2/poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite precursors

Disordered carbon materials with high porosity were prepared through the pyrolysis of TiO₂/poly(furfuryl alcohol) composites, obtained by the sol-gel method. The composites were prepared starting from titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and furfuryl alcohol (FA) as precursors. Two different synthetic procedures for our composites were carried out, based on the addition of furfuryl alcohol (FA) before or after the TiO₂ nanoparticles formation. Also, different TTIP/FA ratio was tested. The hybrid materials obtained by both synthetic routes were pyrolyzed, under argon flow, at 900 °C producing novel TiO₂/carbon composites. All samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, DR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Results indicated the effective FA polymerization on TiO₂ (anatase) nanoparticles, and polymer conversion to disordered carbon after the pyrolysis, simultaneously with TiO₂ anatase-rutile phase transition. The resulting TiO₂/carbon composites were treated with HF solution aiming the oxide dissolution, yielding an extremely porous carbon material as insoluble fraction. The morphology of these porous carbon materials is strongly dependent on the synthetic route adopted for the composite precursor, varying from carbon foam to highly ordered hollow microspheres.     

Effects of precursor concentration on the microstructure and properties of ZrC modified C/C composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

To improve the ablation resistance of C/C composites, ZrC modified composites were fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis combined with gradient chemical vapor infiltration process. The effects of ZrC precursor concentration on the microstructure, mechanical and ablation properties of the composites were studied. Results showed that with the increase of ZrC precursor concentration, the ZrC content and macroscopic uniformity of the composites increased but with obvious ZrC particle aggregation and the flexural strength decreased gradually. As the concentration of ZrC precursor improved to 60%, the fracture mode of the composites transformed from toughness to brittleness which was mainly attributed to the improved graphitization degree and reaction damage of carbon fiber in the precursor pyrolysis process. However, the ablation resistance was enhanced with the increasing precursor concentration which was resulted from the formation of ZrO₂ in center ablation region and continuous ZrO₂ coating in brim region serving as a barrier to heat and oxygen transfer.     

Processing‐Property Relationships in Electrospun Janus‐Type Biphasic Ceramic Nanofibers

Electrospinning provides a promising route to quickly produce high‐purity ceramic fibers from readily available sol–gel precursors. Recently, techniques have been developed to enable the production of biphasic nanocomposites on a single fiber, enabling the development of novel composites with connectivities that are difficult to obtain using existing methods. These “composites on a fiber” can be used as a unique anisotropic building block for creating more complex ordered structures. This work examines links between processing, structure, and properties for Janus‐type composite nanofibers for the magnetoelectric BaTiO₃–CoFe₂O₄ system. Specifically, we show how altering the viscosity and conductivity of precursor solutions can provide a unique route to synthesize biphasic composites of a range of sizes and compositions. Furthermore, we show how altering these properties can impact the magnetic and magnetoelectric behavior of these fibers. While this work focuses specifically on the BaTiO₃‐CoFe₂O₄ system, lessons learned can be applied to electrospinning biphasic ceramic materials from a variety of material systems and applications.     

A direct synthesis of mesoporous carbon supported MgO sorbent for CO2 capture

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported MgO (Mg-OMC) materials were synthesized by the carbonization of sulfuric-acid-treated silica/triblock copolymer/sucrose/Mg(NO₃)₂ composites. In the current approach, triblock copolymer P123 and sucrose were employed as both structure-directing agents for the self-assembly of rice husk ash silica solution and carbon precursor. Sulfuric acid was used to cross-link P123 and sucrose in the as-synthesized composites in order to improve the carbon yield. The synthesized Mg-OMC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability of Mg-OMC was verified by CO₂-temperature programmed desorption, which confirmed the chemisorption of CO₂ on MgO. The CO₂ adsorption capacity of Mg-OMC-1 was observed to be 92 mg/g of sorbent which is comparable with that of the well established CO₂ sorbents.     

Al alloy/Ti3SiC2 composites fabricated by pressureless infiltration with melt-spun Al alloy ribbons

Al alloy/Ti₃SiC₂ composites with compressive strengths ranging from 743 to 932 MPa have been successfully fabricated by a new two-step pressureless infiltration method. 6061 Al alloy ribbons prepared by melt spinning were employed as the Al alloy matrix for melt infiltration. Shifts in phase constitution and reaction mechanisms of Ti₃SiC₂ preforms in molten Al at 950 °C were investigated, and the compression performance of Al alloy/Ti₃SiC₂ composites was tested. The Vickers hardness of the composites was enhanced to a maximum of 751 HV by increasing the Al content.     

Effect of ZrC amount and distribution on the thermomechanical properties of Cf/SiC-ZrC composites

C_f/SiC-ZrC composites with different amounts and distributions of ZrC were fabricated by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis. The effects of the ZrC amount and distribution on the microstructural, mechanical, and ablation properties of C_f/SiC-ZrC composites were investigated. C_f/SiC-ZrC composites obtained by the alternating infiltration of ZrC organic precursors and polycarbosilane groups exhibit good tensile strength (240 ± 17.7 MPa) because the ZrC and SiC matrix can mix evenly. However, C_f/SiC-ZrC composites using only ZrC organic precursor infiltration show a low tensile strength (191 ± 16.6 MPa) because more defects can be introduced into the composites. Ablation characterization by a 30 kW plasma wind tunnel for 60 seconds showed that the C_f/SiC-ZrC composites with the highest amount of ZrC matrix (67.8 wt.%) possessed the lowest linear erosion rate of 4 μm/s because liquid SiO₂ could fill the porous ZrO₂ to form a homogenous protective layer. Nevertheless, the C_f/SiC-ZrC composites with a relatively high ZrC amount (55.3 wt.%) exhibited a poorer ablation performance compared to that of C_f/SiC-ZrC composites with a low ZrC amount (38.7 wt.%).     

Construction of sandwich-structured C/C-SiC and C/C-SiC-ZrC composites with good mechanical and anti-ablation properties

Four kinds of sandwich-structured C/C-SiC and C/C-SiC-ZrC composites with or without a SiC interphase deposited by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI), were designed and fabricated by a joint process of electromagnetic coupling chemical vapor infiltration (ECVI) and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). The fabricated composites are macroscopically nonhomogeneous materials with low density, high strength and low ablation rate. The interphase and matrix constituents had remarkable effects on the mechanical and ablation properties of these composites. The C/C-SiC composites with an ICVI-SiC interphase exhibited the highest flexural strength of 306.5 MPa. While the C/C-SiC-ZrC composites with the interphase showed the best anti-ablation performance with low linear and mass ablation rates of 0.37 μm/s and 0.04 mg/cm²·s, respectively, after the ablation for 500 s under an oxyacetylene flame test at around 2000 °C.