三角帆蚌多糖的超声波辅助提取及体外抗菌活性

运用超声波辅助热水浸提、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白的方法提取三角帆蚌多糖。在单因素实验基础上,运用响应面法中的Box-Behnken设计对三角帆蚌多糖的超声辅助提取参数进行优化。牛津杯-抑菌圈法测量三角帆蚌多糖的体外抗菌活性。结果表明:超声波辅助提取三角帆蚌多糖的最优提取条件为超声功率600W、超声提取温度50℃、超声提取时间48min、水料比12mL/g。使用此操作条件,多糖的得率为4.61%。当质量浓度小于40mg/mL时,三角帆蚌多糖对大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌无抑制作用;质量浓度大于10mg/mL时,对蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用,并且呈现出剂量-效应关系。三角帆蚌多糖对3种细菌抑制作用的强弱顺序是:金黄色葡萄球菌>蜡样芽孢杆菌>枯草芽孢杆菌。     

花蟹肉酶解多肽美拉德反应产物的抑菌性研究

本文基于蟹肉酶解多肽与木糖的美拉德反应产物(PXMRPs)对食品常见污染菌的抑制作用,对PXMRPs生产工艺进行优化。实验结果表明,PXMRPs对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌抑菌4种常见食品污染菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。采用牛津杯法检测PXMRPs的抑菌能力,以木糖与花蟹肉酶解多肽质量比、反应温度和反应时间为自变量进行单因素实验和正交实验。获得最优抑菌效果的PXMRPs生产工艺为:木糖与花蟹肉酶解多肽质量比2∶1,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为120 min。PXMRPs对蜡状芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值均为15 mg/m L,枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的MIC值分别为20 mg/m L和30 mg/m L。蟹肉酶解多肽与木糖的美拉德反应产物(PXMRPs)因其良好的抑菌性能,具有开发为天然食品添加剂的可能。     

超声辅助提取昆布多酚及其抑菌活性的研究

采用Box-Behnken试验设计,对超声提取昆布多酚工艺进行优化研究。最佳提取工艺是:乙醇浓度30%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),超声时间32 min,超声温度35℃,在此条件下昆布多酚的得率能够达到4.485 mg/5 g。抑菌试验表明:昆布多酚能够抑制大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,对酵母的抑菌作用较小;对大肠杆菌和葡萄酒酵母的最低抑菌浓度均为5mg/m L,对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.25mg/m L,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为2.5mg/m L。     

金针菇不同极性部位的抑菌活性及稳定性

以金针菇粗提物的不同萃取相为材料,以大肠杆菌、产气杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和啤酒酵母为供试菌,通过抑菌圈法和生长速率法探讨金针菇粗提物体外抑菌活性;并以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为供试菌,研究金针菇不同萃取相抑菌稳定性。结果表明,金针菇不同萃取相对金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑制作用,乙酸乙酯相有显著的抑菌活性。同时,金针菇不同萃取相对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性强于革兰氏阴性菌。金针菇不同萃取相对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC范围是3.25 mg/m L~12.5 mg/m L,MBC范围是3.25 mg/m L~12.5 mg/m L。并且金针菇不同萃取相的抑菌活性对温度、紫外光的稳定性较好。可以作为一种保健食品(饮品)进一步开发利用。     

青砖茶提取物不同极性部位对三种细菌的抑制作用研究

采用滤纸片法测定青砖茶提取物不同极性部位氯仿层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层及水层对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制性能,并测定它们的最小抑菌浓度和总酚含量。结果表明:乙酸乙酯层对三种菌的抑制效果最优,当其浓度为100 mg/m L时,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径依次为29.19、27.97、27.35 mm;最小抑菌浓度依次为1.56、3.12、6.25 mg/m L;总酚含量高达81.62%,提示总酚为其抑菌的主要活性成分。     

两种梨水提取物的体外抑菌试验研究

采用新疆库尔勒梨,绿梨水提取物对埃希氏大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌进行抑菌实验。结果表明:库尔勒梨水提取浓缩物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌没有抑菌作用。绿梨水提取物均对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌没有抑菌作用,均没有出现抑菌圈,但对枯草芽孢杆菌有抑菌作用,对枯草芽孢杆菌最小抑菌浓度为50%(原液密度为1.23 g/m L),最小杀菌浓度为1/1的浓度(原液)。     

菜籽多酚抑菌作用研究

采用滤纸片扩散法测定菜籽多酚溶液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果。结果表明:0.05%～0.80%的菜籽多酚对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用,并显示浓度-效应关系。最佳抑菌浓度在0.4%左右。菜籽多酚对3种微生物的最低抑菌浓度,大肠杆菌是1.00 mg/100 mL,枯草杆菌是0.50 mg/100 mL,金黄色葡萄球菌是0.25 mg/100 mL。以上结果表明:菜籽多酚有抑菌能力,可望用于食品贮存与加工。     

生黄精多糖与制黄精多糖抑菌效果比较研究

以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,比较了生黄精与制黄精多糖的抑菌效果;发现生黄精与制黄精多糖对3株供试菌均有抑制效果,其对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(10.75±0.39)、(10.90±0.94)、(10.20±0.45)mm,(12.55±0.85)、(9.73±0.37)、(11.50±0.27)mm,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)依次为1.23、0.98、1.31 mg/m L,0.67、1.16、0.74 mg/m L。结果显示,制黄精多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果较好,生黄精多糖则对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用相对较强。     

枇杷叶提取物抑菌作用研究

该研究采用滤纸片法探讨了枇杷叶水提取物、乙醇提取物、正己烷提取物对三种食品中常见污染菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)的抑菌性。同时还采用梯度稀释法测定各提取物对这三种菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明:三种提取物对三种试验菌均有抑制作用。乙醇提取物的抑菌效果最好,其次是水提取物,最后是正己烷提取物。乙醇提取物的浓度在0.1g/mL时的抑菌圈直径分别为:大肠杆菌11.8mm,金黄色葡萄球菌13mm,枯草芽孢杆菌11mm。乙醇提取物的最低抑菌浓度分别为:大肠杆菌0.1mg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌0.01mg/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌10mg/mL。     

ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌性能研究

分别采用分光光度法、菌体量法以及孔扩散法研究了ε-聚赖氨酸对细菌和真菌的抑菌活性及ε-聚赖氨酸浓度、pH值和温度对其抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,ε-聚赖氨酸对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黄曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、保加利亚乳杆菌等6种供试微生物均有一定的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌抑制效果较好,对黄曲霉较差;对各种菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌12.5 mg/L;枯草芽孢杆菌25 mg/L;酿酒酵母800 mg/L;黄曲霉1 600 mg/L。ε-聚赖氨酸的抑菌活性随其浓度的增加而增强,热稳定性非常好,能耐100℃的高温,在pH5～8抑菌活性最强,与甘氨酸、Nisin都有协同增效的作用。     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源.该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持.     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in a sugar–amino acid model system

The various biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from sugar (fructose and glucose) and 20 amino acid model systems were evaluated. Colour development, in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities of aqueous solutions of MRPs produced by heating at 130 °C for 2 h were measured. The fructose–amino acid mixture showed higher UV-absorbance and browning intensity than the glucose–amino acid mixture. The fructose–amino acid model MRPs showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ACE inhibitory activities than the glucose–amino acid model MRPs. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of MRPs derived from fructose– and glucose–tyrosine showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of other MRPs. Sugar–amino acid model MRPs inhibited the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml). Glucose MRPs showed slightly higher antiproliferative activity than fructose MRPs. In particular, sugar–tryptophan and –tyrosine MRPs exerted higher biological activities than the other MRPs.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.