压力对凝胶注模成型95氧化铝陶瓷性能的影响

本文采用低毒的MAM-MBAM凝胶体系代替AM-MBAM有毒体系制备95氧化铝陶瓷,为改善成型后坯体的性能,在凝胶注模成型过程中给予浆料压力.研究发现在压力为0.3 MPa时获得的坯体表面光洁,线收缩率大,体密度高,结构均匀,成品率高,质量好.本文还并研究了压力对95氧化铝陶瓷烧结体线收缩率和体密度以及洛氏硬度的影响.实验结果表明:压力辅助凝胶注模成型所得坯体烧结后性能优于无压直接注模成型坯体,压力为0.3MPa时线收缩率最小,体密度最高可达3.81 g/cm3,洛氏硬度最高.坯体显微结构显示,陶瓷粉料被有机高分子网络很好地粘结在一起,并且压力注模的坯体中陶瓷粉料堆积紧密,结构均匀致密.烧结后,压力注模成型坯体晶粒发育良好,气孔较无压直接注模烧结体少,烧结致密性能优异.     

用改性淀粉原位凝固成型制备Al2O3陶瓷

陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺是一种新颖的成型工艺,它将高分子化学单体聚合的思路引入到陶瓷的成型工艺中.本文用改性淀粉原位凝胶注模成型技术制备了具有较高强度和均匀性良好的氧化铝陶瓷坯体.研究了氧化铝陶瓷的凝胶注模成型工艺中低粘度高固相体积分数浓悬浮体的制备、浓悬浮体的固化、成型坯体的显微结构及性能.     

多孔Al2O3-ZrO2陶瓷的微观结构

以Al₂O₃、ZrO₂陶瓷粉体为溶质,以莰烯为溶剂,以Texaphor963作为添加剂,制备出低粘度高稳定性的陶瓷浆料,采用冷冻注模工艺制备出具有较高强度的陶瓷坯体,采用无压烧结工艺,得到了多孔Al₂O₃-ZrO₂陶瓷制品,并对其微观结构进行了研究。     

成型方式对反应烧结碳化硅显微结构及强度的影响

本文以0.8μm改性SiC粉采用凝胶注模成型制备了超细晶反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷。研究了压制和凝胶注模两种成型方式对反应烧结碳化硅的微观结构及材料性能的影响。SEM分析显示,PF成型的素坯中微孔结构分布不均,GC成型的素坯中SiC与C相互包裹均匀分散,坯体的孔结构均匀;RBSC材料金相观察表明,采用常规的压汞仪测试不能真实反映素坯的孔结构。GC成型的RBSC中SiC和游离硅(fSi)的分布均匀细小是材料强度提高的主要原因。     

凝胶注模成型制备BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷的电学性能

讨论了用凝胶注模成型制备BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷的过程。本实验以化学式为BaNd2Ti5O14的介电陶瓷为固相粉末,以丙烯酰胺(MBAM)为凝胶有机单体,用传统球磨的方法制备出了高固相、低粘度的陶瓷浆料(浓悬浮体);采用正交实验设计法,优化出生坯密度最大的配方。分析了凝胶注模成型与干压成型制备的BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷的体积密度、结构均匀性以及电学性能不同的原因。结果表明:凝胶注模成型制备的BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷具有体积密度高、结构均匀的特点。合理使用凝胶注模成型工艺可以提高陶瓷介电常数、降低介质损耗。     

一种新型陶瓷材料3D打印成型工艺的试验研究

将陶瓷粉末与高分子材料共混制备的陶瓷材料喂入自主研制的粉体喂料3D打印机,打印出的陶瓷坯体经脱脂和干燥后,分别在最高烧结温度为1 550,1 580,1 620,1 650 ℃下烧结,测试烧结陶瓷体的物理性能。结果表明：随着最高烧结温度的升高,陶瓷体的致密性改善,物理性能提高;当最高烧结温度为1 650 ℃时,陶瓷体的维氏硬度达到1 202.8 HV,烧结密度达到5.45 Mg·m^-3,抗弯强度达到902.1 MPa,断裂韧性达到11.69 MPa·m ¹/ ²。     

固含量对凝胶注模成型碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响

碳化硅陶瓷具有优良的性能,广泛应用于各个领域。凝胶注模成型是通过有机单体的聚合反应实现原位固化的成型方法。成型的坯体具有结构均匀、致密度高、强度大等特点。本文采用凝胶注模成型工艺和无压烧结制备了碳化硅陶瓷材料,研究了固含量对无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着固含量的增加,碳化硅料浆的粘度值逐渐增加,流动性变差,而制得的碳化硅陶瓷弯曲强度和断裂韧性随固含量的增加而增加。     

凝胶注模SiC陶瓷的烧结特性

以Al2O3/Y2O3为烧结助剂,对凝胶注模SiC陶瓷进行了研究。讨论了埋粉组成和烧结温度对SiC陶瓷的烧成质量损失、线收缩、密度以及相组成的影响。当埋粉组成为SiC/Al2O3/Y2O3,在1950℃氮气氛中烧结1h时,制备了98%理论密度的SiC陶瓷。与传统的干压成型方法相比,凝胶注模成型工艺制备的SiC陶瓷坯体具有更高的烧成质量损失。     

氧化铝凝胶注模成型的工艺研究

以α-Al2O3为主要原料,外加单体丙烯酰胺,水溶性高分子聚乙烯醇.引发剂过硫酸铵.催化剂四甲基乙二胺,分散剂羧甲基纤维素,助烧剂氧化镁、二氧化钛、长石粉,消泡剂无水乙醇等,采用凝胶注模成型工艺,制备出了抗折强度为2.202MPa,体积密度为1.764g/cm3且均匀性好的陶瓷坯体.通过对凝胶注模成型后坯体的体积密度和抗折强度的测定,探讨了工艺参数对坯体成型的影响规律.     

凝胶注模成型技术制备低膨胀钛酸铝陶瓷的研究

研究了钛酸铝陶瓷的水基凝胶注模成型技术,讨论了该工艺中分散剂、固相体积含量、研磨时间与钛酸铝浆料粘度之间的关系,简要介绍了各种技术条件对坯体、烧结体性能的影响,并对坯体、烧结体的显微结构进行了分析.采用此种工艺制备出了具有较低线热膨胀系数(αRT～1000℃<1.0×10-6/k)的钛酸铝陶瓷样品.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。