紧凑式低放固体废物焚烧工艺装置设计及验证

焚烧作为处理放射性废物的主要技术之一,在世界范围内广泛应用。为满足部队、科研及核技术应用等废物产生量较少的单位的放射性废物焚烧处理需求,中国辐射防护研究院针对性开发了紧凑式低放可燃固体废物焚烧装置,并实现了工程应用。经试验验证,该装置技术指标能够满足设计目标和国家标准规范的要求。在处理能力相当的情况下,紧凑式焚烧设施占用的建筑面积减少为常规焚烧设施的1/30,人员减少为原1/6,能耗减少为原1/8,建造成本降为原1/8,并且可实现8 h/d间歇运行,大幅降低了建造和运行成本。     

国内放射性废物体性能表征实践及问题建议

介绍了国内近地表处置的低、中水平放射性废物水泥固化体性能表征的实践和经验,结合国外良好的实践和监管要求,分析了国内现有表征技术及表征要求中的不足,提出了相应的建议。     

Stainless steel containers for the storage of low and medium level radioactive waste

Corrosion investigations have been performed on the austenitic structural steel AISI 304L, in comparison with the structural steel AISI 316L, in an aerated and a de-aerated solution, which was leached from low and medium level radioactive waste. On the basis of measured potentio-dynamic anodic polarization curves and the results of cyclic polarization tests, it was found that both types of steel, as well as the corresponding welds, had a high pitting potential and a high protective potential, which means that they have a strong tendency to form a compact and corrosion-resistant passive film. The repassivation capability of both types of steel prevents the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking at the level of concentration of chloride ions which corresponds to the described type of waste, whereas absorbed atomic hydrogen does not reduce toughness or cause hydrogen embrittlement. The results of the research work confirmed that it is possible to use AISI 304L structural steel for the construction of containers for the temporary, 30-year storage of low and medium level radioactive waste.     

紧凑式低放可燃固体废物焚烧装置设计、建造与工程验证

针对废物污染轻、产生量少的场合,开发了一套占地小、投资少的"紧凑式低放可燃固体废物焚烧装置",并进行了工程验证试验。结果表明:该装置工艺可行、整体运行平稳;操作简单、安全可靠;处理能力、减容比、减重比等各项技术指标均满足设计要求,烟气排放监测结果满足国家有关标准要求。     

Oxidation and vitrification of aluminum with lead borate glass for low level radioactive waste treatment

ABSTRACT

For the direct vitirification of low level radioactive wastes containing metallic aluminum, the oxidation and vitirification of aluminum was carried out using lead borate glass as a flux. Among the six fluxes employed in this study, 0.11Na₂O ?3PbO ?B₂O₃ was the most suitable for the oxidation and vitirification of aluminum based on the initial oxidation rate and alumina solubility. The increase of the lead fraction in the flux increased the oxidation rate, while the sodium fraction affected the alumina solubility resulting in the product maintaining its transparent appearance. The agglomerate product by the oxidation was confirmed metallic lead by X-ray diffraction analysis, and its impurities, aluminum, boron and sodium, were lower than 0.2 wt% by the quantitative analysis.     

低中放废物处置FEPs清单建立的方法研究

识别所有影响处置场长期安全的有关因素,即特征(Features)、事件(Events)和过程(Processes)(FEPs),是处置场安全全过程系统分析的关键过程之一。我国目前低中放固体废物处置场环境影响评价中未开展低中放处置场的FEPs识别和景象开发。本文拟以某处置场为例,对如何建立我国的低中放废物处置FEPs清单进行了初步的探讨。