滇牡丹籽油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化及其脂肪酸成分分析

以滇牡丹籽为原料,以萃取率为指标,用正交实验法分析讨论超临界CO2萃取过程中萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力及CO2流量对滇牡丹籽油萃取率的影响。采用GC-MS技术对滇牡丹籽油脂肪酸成分进行分析,并与栽培品种凤丹牡丹籽油的脂肪酸成分进行比较。结果表明:超临界CO2萃取滇牡丹籽油的最佳工艺条件为萃取时间60 min、萃取温度40℃、萃取压力45 MPa、CO2流量20 kg/h,在此条件下滇牡丹籽油萃取率为27.34%。滇牡丹籽油中不饱和脂肪酸的含量为89.34%,其中亚麻酸72.26%,亚油酸14.25%。滇牡丹籽油中不饱和脂肪酸的含量与凤丹牡丹籽油的很接近,然而其亚麻酸、油酸的含量高于凤丹牡丹籽油的。     

微波辅助超临界CO2萃取三叶木通籽油的工艺研究

为保证超临界CO_2萃取三叶木通籽油的品质,运用微波技术对原料进行预处理。采用单因素实验和正交实验对微波预处理工艺条件及超临界CO_2萃取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:微波预处理最佳工艺条件为微波处理时间90 s、原料粉碎粒度80目、原料水分含量7. 0%,超临界CO_2萃取最佳工艺条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取时间2. 5 h,在此条件下三叶木通籽油提取率高达95. 3%。该工艺条件下所得三叶木通籽油品质较高,总黄酮含量高达137. 3 mg/kg。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取石榴籽油工艺条件的研究

以石榴籽为原料,对超临界CO2流体萃取石榴籽油的工艺条件进行了研究。通过单因素试验,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间对石榴籽油得率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定了超临界CO2流体萃取石榴籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取石榴籽油最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力40 MPa,萃取温度55℃,萃取时间80 min,分离釜Ⅰ温度60℃,压力10 MPa,分离釜Ⅱ温度35℃,压力6 MPa。在最佳工艺条件下,石榴籽油得率为18.6%。     

超临界CO2流体提取洛阳牡丹籽油工艺研究

采用单因素和正交试验法讨论超临界CO2 萃取牡丹籽油过程中萃取温度、压力、时间及CO2 的流量因素对牡丹籽油脂的萃取率及不饱和萃取液中脂肪酸的含量的影响。并采用GC-MS 技术对油脂成分进行分析。结果表明,采用超临界CO2 流体技术可以萃取牡丹籽中的油脂成分,其最佳工艺条件为压力30MPa、萃取温度40℃、萃取时间2.5h、二氧化碳流量25kg/h。此时油脂的萃取率为30.7%,萃取液中不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量可达70.81%。     

超临界CO2萃取疯树籽油工艺的响应面优化

采用超临界CO2流体技术对麻疯树籽油进行萃取,运用响应面法优化了萃取工艺条件。结果表明,超临界CO2萃取麻疯树籽油的最佳工艺条件为:原料粒度20目,萃取压力37 MPa,萃取温度44.5℃,CO2流速30 L/h,萃取时间120 min,夹带剂(95%乙醇)用量为原料质量的40%,在此条件下,麻疯树籽油提取率可达93.13%。将超临界CO2萃取的麻疯树籽油与螺旋压榨法提取的麻疯树籽油品质进行分析比较,结果显示超临界CO2萃取法得到的麻疯树籽油品质优于螺旋压榨法。     

牡丹籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺优化及抗氧化活性的研究

以牡丹籽为原料,利用超临界CO2萃取法提取牡丹籽油。采用单因素试验对影响牡丹籽油萃取率的3个因素(温度、压力和时间)进行了考察;以萃取率为响应值,以温度、压力和时间3个主要影响因素设计正交实验(L9 33),对提取条件较为温和、对油脂抗氧化性成分破坏较小的超临界提取工艺进行了优化;采用DPPH法和亚铁离子(Fe2 )诱导的过氧化体系法,以油酸和亚油酸为对照,研究了压榨法和超临界CO2萃取法两种工艺提取的牡丹籽油清除DPPH自由基和抗脂质过氧化能力的差异。结果表明,萃取时间对萃取率影响最大,其次为萃取温度,萃取压力对萃取率影响最小;超临界CO2萃取法提取牡丹籽油的优化工艺条件为：温度35℃、压力30 MPa、时间60 min,牡丹籽油的萃取率为28.86%;牡丹籽油的抗氧化性质与脂溶性抗氧化剂类似;超临界油清除DPPH自由基的能力明显高于压榨油,而经Fe2 诱导的脂质过氧化程度则低于压榨油,说明超临界CO2提取的牡丹籽油品质优于压榨油,建议采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取高附加值牡丹籽油。     

超临界CO_2流体技术萃取葡萄籽油的研究

对超临界CO2 流体技术萃取葡萄籽油的工艺条件进行了探讨 ,研究了原料预处理、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2 流量对葡萄籽油萃取率的影响。结果表明 :超临界CO2流体技术萃取葡萄籽油的工艺切实可行 ,在葡萄籽细度 40目 ,水分含量 4 5 2 % ,湿蒸处理 ,萃取压力 2 8MPa,温度 3 5℃ ,CO2 流容比 8～ 9,萃取时间 80min的条件下 ,葡萄籽油的萃取率可达 90 %以上     

超临界CO2萃取沙棘籽油及热敏性物质分析

对超临界CO2萃取沙棘籽油及热敏性物质进行分析研究。通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件:萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量18kg/h、萃取时间120min、分离压力8MPa,在此工艺条件下沙棘籽油出油率为52%。高效液相色谱法检测沙棘籽油中α-VE含量为2.6%,经超临界CO2萃取后热敏性物质α-VE损失3.7%,胡萝卜素含量为100850μg/100g。     

莴苣籽油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

以莴苣籽为原料,利用超临界CO2对其进行萃取。通过单因素实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2流量、一次性投料量、粉碎粒度对莴苣籽油得率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化了超临界CO2萃取莴苣籽油的最佳工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析其脂肪酸组成。结果表明,超临界CO2萃取莴苣籽油的最佳工艺条件为:一次性投料量50 g,粉碎粒度24目,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,CO2流量6 L/min和萃取时间4 h。在最佳工艺条件下,莴苣籽油得率为17.92%。莴苣籽油脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸(56.420%)、油酸(22.562%)、棕榈酸(7.795%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.682%。     

超临界流体萃取法提取葡萄籽油工艺的研究

对超临界流体(CO2)萃取法提取葡萄籽油的工艺进行了研究,结果表明原料预处理方式(原料水分含量、粉碎细度)、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量等因素对葡萄籽油提取率有显著影响。超临界CO2流体萃取葡萄籽油的最佳工艺是:葡萄籽粉碎度40目、水分含量4.5%、萃取压力30MPa、温度45℃、CO2流量10L/h,在此条件下,葡萄籽油的萃取率为98.32%。脂肪酸组成分析结果表明,葡萄籽油是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的高级食用油。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the