新型热障涂层材料研究进展（英文）

热障涂层是高温下具有良好隔热性能的陶瓷涂层,在燃气轮机、内燃机、火箭发动机和其他高温热防护方面有重要应用。稀土或碱土金属氧化物稳定的氧化锆热障涂层材料已应用近60 a,其中最常用的是氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)。近20 a,国内外发现了许多新材料,如稀土锆酸盐、铝酸盐和钽酸盐等。与YSZ相比,新材料在高温稳定性、热导率、抗烧结或热膨胀性能方面有优势,但断裂韧性低、成分复杂、单一陶瓷层的热循环寿命短。为了提高新型热障涂层的寿命,要严格控制涂层的制备过程、保持化学计量比,采用双陶瓷层结构的涂层。     

粘结层的铝含量及热处理对航空发动机热端部件DZ40M合金上热障涂层静态氧化行为的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂在航空发动机热端部件DZ40M合金表面制备了铝含量不同(6%、8%和12%)的Ni-Co基粘结层,再等离子喷涂YSZ(氧化钇稳定氧化锆)陶瓷面层,制得了热障涂层。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪研究了粘结层成分及其真空热处理对热障涂层显微形貌、物相组成以及界面热生长氧化物(TGO)的影响。结果表明,3种粘结层的致密性均较高,与基材以及陶瓷层结合较好。3种喷涂态粘结层中的物相组成与原始粉末相似,随着Al含量增加,原始粉末和喷涂态粘结层中β相的含量逐渐增加。粘结层的真空热处理可以有效降低3种热障涂层在静态氧化过程中TGO的增厚速率。未经粘结层真空热处理制成的热障涂层中,TGO的增速与粘结层中Al的含量有关。粘结层真空热处理后,晶界扩散会显著影响TGO的增厚速率,TGO晶粒尺寸的增加会造成晶界数量减少,相应地会降低TGO的增厚速率。     

航空发动机用热障涂层的CMAS侵蚀及防护

热障涂层作为航空发动机的关键技术,一旦在使用过程中失效将导致严重的后果。然而,热障涂层在使用过程中不可避免地会接触到钙镁铝硅酸盐(CMAS),引发涂层剥落,使高温合金直接暴露在高温燃气中,带来巨大的危险。因此,热障涂层的CMAS侵蚀及防护问题近年来得到了广泛关注。本文在介绍传统氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)涂层受CMAS侵蚀现状的基础上,明确了CMAS侵蚀YSZ的化学作用过程,阐明了YSZ涂层的失效机制,比较了不同种类CMAS的侵蚀效果,总结了目前热障涂层抵抗CMAS侵蚀的主要方法,并阐述了基于自损型防护原理开展的新型热障涂层材料的CMAS侵蚀行为研究进展,以期为未来航空发动机用热障涂层陶瓷材料的选择和CMAS防护提供有益参考。     

碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料基体和涂层改性研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

随着航空航天器性能的提高,其热端部件如航空发动机、高超音速飞行器的头锥及翼前缘等服役环境愈加苛刻。为了满足更苛刻的服役环境,需要对碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC matrix ceramic composites,CMC-Si C)进行基体或涂层改性以发展更长寿命、更耐高温和结构功能一体化的陶瓷基复合材料。介绍了航空航天器热端部件用CMC-SiC复合材料基体和涂层改性的研究进展、成果、现状及存在的问题,指出了今后需要着重解决改性CMC-SiC复合材料的工程化应用问题、发展具有更高使用温度的改性材料体系以及发展在发动机环境中应用的环境屏障涂层体系。     

碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料基体和涂层改性研究进展

随着航空航天器性能的提高,其热端部件如航空发动机、高超音速飞行器的头锥及翼前缘等服役环境愈加苛刻。为了满足更苛刻的服役环境,需要对碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC matrix ceramic composites,CMC–Si C)进行基体或涂层改性以发展更长寿命、更耐高温和结构功能一体化的陶瓷基复合材料。介绍了航空航天器热端部件用CMC–SiC复合材料基体和涂层改性的研究进展、成果、现状及存在的问题,指出了今后需要着重解决改性CMC–SiC复合材料的工程化应用问题、发展具有更高使用温度的改性材料体系以及发展在发动机环境中应用的环境屏障涂层体系。     

稀土盐类热障/环境障涂层研究现状

随着航空航天等领域热端部件表面热障/环境障涂层的服役环境越来越恶劣，对涂层的性能要求显著提高，作为目前广泛应用的Y₂O₃部分稳定的ZrO₂(YSZ)材料，已经不能完全满足使用要求，所以开发新型兼具优异性能可用于高温环境的涂层材料日益重要。稀土盐类材料作为新型热障/环境障涂层材料，因其复杂的结构、低热导率和高热膨胀系数等优点，而被国内外学者广泛关注和研究。因此，综述了几种稀土盐类涂层材料的晶体结构、力学性能、热学性能，展望其发展前景。     

热障涂层用氧化物稳定的ZrO2陶瓷材料研究现状

综述了氧化物稳定的热障涂层用ZrO2陶瓷的研究情况。指出氧化物稳定的ZrO2陶瓷材料主要适用于在1000℃左右工作的热障涂层,而不易用作新型高温热障涂层表面陶瓷层材料。随着航空发动机技术的发展,化学式为A^3＋ 2 B^4＋ 2 O7焦绿石结构的陶瓷材料有望替代氧化物稳定的ZrO2陶瓷,根据声子导热理论和晶体化学原理,选用合适的氧化物对A^3＋ 2 B^4＋ 2 O7型陶瓷材料进行掺杂进一步降低其热导率并改善热膨胀系数,将为热障涂层技术应用开辟广阔的空间。     

氧化钇稳定氧化锆涂层的研究现状

由于氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)陶瓷材料在作为热障涂层的使用过程中存在因抗烧结性能差、应力裂纹、涂层脱落等导致涂层失效的问题,本文主要从热障涂层的制备工艺,抗烧结性能、控制TGO的生长、抗CMAS腐蚀及YSZ面层应变容限等方面的改善方法进行论述,通过提高涂层纯度、改变粘接层及涂层成分、涂层结构及制备柱状结构YSZ陶瓷面层释放热失配应力等可有效改善涂层在使用过程中的失效问题。     

Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7的热物理性能

采用固相反应法制备了Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7氧化物,并研究了其热物理性能。Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7氧化物在20℃~1200℃范围内的平均热导率分别是0.45 W/(m·K)和1.71 W/(m·K),明显低于现役的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷(YSZ)。与La_2AlTaO_7相比,Sm_2YbTaO_7较低的热导率可以归因于其取代原子与基质原子之间较高的原子质量差别,Sm_2YbTaO_7较高的热膨胀系数则可归因于其A位与B位离子之间较低的电负性差别。Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7的热导率和热膨胀系数均满足热障涂层的要求,具有做为新型热障涂层表面陶瓷层材料使用的潜力。     

热障涂层在热载荷下的高温氧化和热烧蚀性能研究

热障涂层具有良好的隔热性能,保护高温合金基底正常工作,提高部件工作寿命。由于涂层部件服役于高温环境,会产生热烧蚀并发生高温氧化等作用,造成涂层表面裂纹的产生,甚至涂层/基底的界面破坏,缩短部件使用寿命。所以研究热障涂层体系在热载荷下的破坏行为极其重要。通过设计试样在相同温度下不同氧化时间的研究实验。结果表明热生长氧化层成分主要是Al的氧化物,其厚度与氧化时间的关系服从抛物线规律(氧化动力学曲线);对高温氧化后的试样进行纳米压痕实验,发现随着氧化时间的增加,涂层的弹性模量和硬度都会增加并趋于稳定。     

绝缘导热高分子复合材料研究

介绍了导热绝缘高分子复合材料的导热性能、导热机理,综述了各类导热绝缘高分子如复合型导热塑料、橡胶、胶粘剂、涂层等的研究,并展望了其应用前景及未来发展方向.     

Influence of Yb Substitution for La on Thermophysical Property of La2AlTaO7 Ceramics

The (La_1−xYb_x)₂AlTaO₇ ceramics were synthesized by pressureless sintering process at 1600 °C for 10 h in air. The crystal phase, microstructure and thermophysical properties were investigated. Results show that pure (La_1−xYb_x)₂AlTaO₇ cermics with single weberite structure are prepared successfully. Owing to the reduction of crystal-lattice tolerance-factor, the thermal conductivity of (La_1−xYb_x)₂AlTaO₇ (x>0) ceramics increases with increasing Yb₂O₃ fraction at identical temperatures, which is lower than that of La₂AlTaO₇. Due to the relatively high electro-negativity of Yb element, the addition of Yb₂O₃ increases the thermal expansion coefficient of (La_1−xYb_x)₂AlTaO₇ ceramics.     

Lanthanum-titanium-aluminum oxide: A novel thermal barrier coating material for applications at 1300 °C

Considerable efforts are being invested to explore new thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials with higher temperature capability to meet the demand of advanced turbine engines. In this work, LaTi₂Al₉O₁₉ (LTA) is proposed and investigated as a novel TBC material for application at 1300 °C. LTA showed excellent phase stability up to 1600 °C. The thermal conductivities for LTA coating are in a range of 1.0-1.3 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ (300-1500 °C) and the values of thermal expansion coefficients increase from 8.0 to 11.2 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ (200-1400 °C), which are comparable to those of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). The microhardness of LTA and YSZ coatings were in the similar level of ∼7 GPa, however, the fracture toughness value was relatively lower than that of YSZ. The lower fracture toughness was compensated by the double-ceramic LTA/YSZ layer design, and the LTA/YSZ TBC exhibited desirable thermal cycling life of nearly 700 h at 1300 °C.     

PPS导热绝缘塑料的制备及性能研究

通过聚苯硫醚(PPS)与大颗粒氧化镁(40~325目)混合经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒制备了导热绝缘塑料。研究了导热性能与氧化镁填充量的关系。实验发现:热扩散系数和热导率随氧化镁的填充量的增加而增加;最高热导率达到3·4W/(m·K),此样品仍然可注射成型,且具有良好的机械性能。热失重分析表明失重率随氧化镁填充量的增加而成比例降低,氧化镁对PPS热分解温度没有明显影响,氧化镁的增加使处于高温降解阶段的PPS加速分解。     

A new class of high-entropy fluorite oxides with tunable expansion coefficients,low thermal conductivity and exceptional sintering resistance

High-temperature thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials are desired for the development of high-efficient gas turbines and diesel engines. Herein, to meet up with this requirement, a new class of high-entropy fluorite-type oxides (HEFOs) has been synthesized via a solid-state reaction method. Comparing to La₂Ce₂O₇, a promising TBC material, the HEFOs exhibit similar high thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of 11.92×10⁻⁶∼12.11×10⁻⁶ K^-1 at temperatures above 673 K but a better TEC matching performance at the temperature range of 473–673 K. It is also found that through tuning the average A-site cation radius, the TEC of the HEFOs could be tailored efficiently. The HEFOs also possess low thermal conductivities of 1.52-1.55 W∙m^-1∙K^-1 at room temperature, which is much lower than that of La₂Ce₂O₇ and comparable to pyrochlores as Gd₂Zr₂O₇. Moreover, the HEFOs display good sintering resistance and phase stability even at temperatures as high as 1873 K. The combination of these fascinating properties makes the HEFOs good candidates for thermal barrier coating and thermal insulating materials.     

Preparation and thermophysical properties of Sm2YbTaO7 and Sm2YTaO7

Sm₂YbTaO₇ and Sm₂YTaO₇ ceramics were synthesized by solid reaction method at 1600 °C for 10 h. Crystal phases have been identified by X-ray diffraction, and their thermal conductivities and thermal expansion coefficients were measured using a laser flash method and the pushing-rod technology, respectively. Results indicate that Sm₂YbTaO7 and Sm₂YTaO₇ exhibit a typical defect fluorite-type crystal structure. Compared to Sm₂YTaO₇, Sm₂YbTaO₇ has lower thermal conductivity due to the higher atomic weight difference between the substituted and substituting atoms. The thermal expansion coefficient of Sm₂YbTaO₇ is greater than that of Sm₂YTaO₇ due to its elongated average interionic distance. Their thermal conductivities are much lower than that of YSZ, and their thermal expansion coefficients are very close to that of YSZ. The synthesized ceramics also exhibit excellent phase stability in the temperature range from ambient to 1200 °C.     

绝热(保温)在精细化工中的应用探析

介绍二元酚项目中保温方案的选择;保温工程的施工与验收;保温效果的测试与评价。具有推广意义。     

Effect of TGO thickness on the thermal barrier coatings life under thermal shock and thermal cycle loading

Effect of thermally grown oxide (TGO) thickness on thermal shock resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and also their behavior under a cyclic loading (including aging at maximum temperature) was evaluated experimentally. In order to form different thicknesses of TGO, coated samples experience isothermal loading at 1070?°C for various periods of times. Heat-treated samples were heated to 1000?°C and cooled down rapidly in water from the substrate side using a mechanical fixture. The life of samples was investigated as a function of TGO thickness. Furthermore, by performing an experiment the simultaneous effect of the TGO growth and thermal expansion mismatch– on the failure of thermal barrier coatings was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the presence of TGO with a thickness of 2–3?µm has a positive effect on the resistance against thermal shock.     

Thermal conductivity and expansion coefficient of Ln2LaTaO7 (Ln=Er and Yb) oxides for thermal barrier coating applications

Two kinds of novel Ln₂LaTaO₇ (Ln=Er and Yb) ceramics were prepared via high-temperature solid reaction method. The phase composition, micro-morphology and thermophysical properties were investigated. Results indicate that pure Ln₂LaTaO₇ ceramics with single fluorite-type structure are synthesized successfully. The thermal conductivities of Er₂LaTaO₇ and Yb₂LaTaO₇ are in the range of 1.22–1.43 W/m K and 1.17–1.51 W/m K, respectively, which are much lower than that of YSZ. The lower thermal conductivity can be attributed to the phonon scattering caused by oxygen vacancies and the substituting atoms. The average thermal expansion coefficients of Yb₂LaTaO₇ and Er₂LaTaO₇ are 9.94×10⁻⁶/K and 9.63×10⁻⁶/K, respectively. As compared with Yb₂LaTaO₇, the higher thermal expansion coefficient of Er₂LaTaO₇ can be ascribed to its lower ionic-bond strength between cations at sites A and B.