低合金钢焊接粗晶区连续冷却铁素体相变规律

 利用焊接粗晶区连续冷却淬火方法,对比分析了钛处理钢和普通C Mn钢焊接粗晶区连续冷却不同阶段的相变组织,研究了铁素体相变规律。结果表明,C Mn钢焊接粗晶区主要为晶界铁素体+魏氏组织铁素体;钛处理钢焊接粗晶区主要为晶界铁素体+魏氏组织铁素体+晶内铁素体组织。在钛处理钢中,晶界铁素体、魏氏组织铁素体和晶内铁素体的相变开始温度相同,但各自长大的动力学条件不同。当晶内铁素体和魏氏组织铁素体竞争发生相变时,晶内铁素体在晶内弥散分布氧化物夹杂上的非均质形核抑制了魏氏组织铁素体向晶内的长大。     

钒对高氮钢形变诱导相变的影响

通过实验室模拟试验,研究了高氮钒钢的金相组织和形变诱导铁素体体积分数,分析了钒对高氮钒钢变形诱导相变的影响.试验结果表明,钒的加入促进了形变诱导铁素体相变,细化了铁素体晶粒,提高了形变诱导铁素体体积分数.     

冷却速率对Ti-Zr处理钢针状铁素体转变的影响

 大线能量焊接技术在低合金钢中的广泛使用降低了低合金钢的低温韧性,向低合金钢中添加适量的钛、锆元素可以促进针状铁素体形核,细化晶粒组织从而提高低合金钢的低温韧性。为了研究Ti-Zr处理钢中针状铁素体转变机理,使用25 kg真空感应炉中熔炼试验所需钢种,向低合金钢中添加了0.04%钛元素和0.014%锆元素;利用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察了冷却速率对针状铁素体转变行为的变化;使用扫描电镜观察了Ti-Zr处理钢中的夹杂物成分和针状铁素体在夹杂物表面形核,使用光学显微镜观察不同冷速下的微观组织变化差异。试验发现,随着冷却速率从1增加至10 ℃/s,侧板铁素体的开始转变温度从770.2降低至632.4 ℃,针状铁素体的开始转变温度从731.5降低至612.6 ℃,针状铁素体的面积分数从47.91%增加至68.04%,针状铁素体与侧板铁素体的面积分数比值从1.34增加至3.54,针状铁素体与侧板铁素体的开始转变温度与结束转变温度差的比值从0.52增加至0.83,针状铁素体与侧板铁素体的面积分数之比与其转变温度区间之比存在正比例关系;不同冷却速率下,Ti-Zr处理钢中的主要夹杂物为ZrO₂-TiN-MnS,并且ZrO₂-TiN-MnS夹杂物可以有效促进针状铁素体形核;一方面是因为生成的贫锰区增加了铁素体转变驱动功;另一方面是因为ZrO₂-TiN-MnS夹杂物与铁素体有良好的晶格匹配关系降低了针状铁素体在夹杂物表面形核的界面能。     

The principle of additivity and the

This study critically examines the principle of additivity and the reason that the proeutectoid ferrite transformation is additive. Austenite-to-proeutectoid ferrite transformation kinetics were measured under isothermal and stepped-isothermal conditions for AISI 1010 and 1020 steel grades using a dilatometer and a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator. The additive nature of the austenite-to-proeutectoid ferrite transformation was experimentally assessed by measuring transformation kinetics partially at one temperature and after a rapid temperature change to another temperature. Results of the tests on the 1010 steel showed that the proeutectoid ferrite transformation with allotriomorphic morphology is additive. Transformation kinetics were mea- sured for the 1020 steel with the ferrite morphology changing from allotriomorphic to predom- inantly Widmanstätten, and the transformation was additive. However, the stepped-isothermal test in which the ferrite was transformed and equilibrated at the first temperature and then rapidly cooled to the second temperature was not additive. The second part of the study involved de- veloping mathematical models with planar and spherical interface geometries to theoretically assess the additivity of the proeutectoid ferrite transformation. Additivity of the proeutectoid ferrite transformation was tested by predicting the ferrite growth kinetics and the associated carbon gradients under stepped-isothermal conditions. The predictions were consistent with the observed experimental additivity of the proeutectoid ferrite transformation, providing an expla- nation for this behavior, although theory would suggest ferrite reaction to be nonadditive.     

Q&P钢在冷却过程中铁素体的相变规律

 为了研究冷却过程中Q&P钢(quenching and partition steel)铁素体的相变规律,在热膨胀仪上以846 ℃均热200 s为冷却的初始条件,检测了成分(质量分数)为0.2%C、1.25%Si、2.0%Mn的Q&P钢在不同冷却速率下铁素体的相变热膨胀数据,应用杠杆定律将数据处理为相变规律与温度的关系,通过光学显微镜检测热处理后金相中的铁素体相体积分数和铁素体晶粒尺寸,得出了饱和位置形核条件下铁素体的形核率,基于混合控制模型得出了铁素体相变的相界迁移速率。结合相变开始温度,利用混合控制模型计算了相变结束温度和铁素体晶粒尺寸在相变过程中的演变规律,铁素体晶粒尺寸计算值与实测值吻合程度较高,相变结束温度的计算值与实测值的误差在±15 ℃以内,所获得的铁素体相变规律可以用于控制Q&P钢在冷却过程中的铁素体相变体积分数。     

Development of Ti-Microalloyed 600 MPa Hot Rolled High Strength Steel

A high strength steel with yield strength on the order of 600 MPa was developed successfully with only addition of titanium alloying element based on a low-carbon steel.The results showed that the hot deformation accelerated ferrite and pearlite transformation and retarded bainite transformation under continuous cooling condition.The microstructure of this steel was mainly composed of fine grained ferrite and carbides distributing along the ferrite grain boundaries.The yield and tensile strengths of steels ...     

Effect of Niobium on Isothermal Transformation of Austenite to Ferrite in HSLA Low-Carbon Steel

Using thermomechanical simulation experiment,the kinetics of the isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite in two HSLA low-carbon steels containing different amounts of niobium was investigated under the conditions of both deformation and undeformation.The results of optical microstructure observation and quantitative metallography analysis showed that the kinetics of the isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite in lower niobium steel with and without deformation suggests a stage mechanism,wherein there exists a linear relationship between the logarithms of holding time and ferrite volume fraction according to Avrami equation,whereas the isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite in high niobium steel proceeds via a two stage mechanism according to micrographs,wherein,the nucleation rate of ferrite in the initial stage of transformation is low,and in the second stage,the rate of transformation is high and the transformation of residual austenite to ferrite is rapidly complete.Using carbon extraction replica TEM,niobium carbide precipitation for different holding time was investigated and the results suggested that NbC precipitation and the presence of solute niobium would influence the transformation of austenite to ferrite.The mechanism of the effect of niobium on the isothermal transformation was discussed.     

奥氏体不锈钢凝固组织中残留铁素体特征研究

 采用化学侵蚀、彩色金相和电子探针（EPMA）等方法对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢连铸方坯凝固组织及其残留铁素体的形貌、化学组成等特征进行了分析,并采用DICTRA软件对铁素体向奥氏体的扩散转变进行了模拟研究,结果表明AISI304不锈钢铸坯表层树枝晶区的二次枝晶间距为12~20μm,富Cr贫Ni的残留铁素体呈骨骼状分布;铸坯中心等轴晶区的残留铁素体为蠕虫状分布,中心等轴晶区的残留铁素体富Cr贫Ni的同时富Si贫Mn,且其富Cr贫Ni的程度比柱状晶区的残留铁素体轻。钢液成分和先析铁素体向奥氏体扩散转变时间、距离是影响残留铁素体化学组成的主要因素。     

奥氏体状态对 Mn-Cr 齿轮钢连续冷却相变组织的影响

使用Cleeblel500热模拟试验机研究了成分(%)为：0.23C,0.74Mn,0.90Cr 齿轮钢奥氏体晶粒尺 寸和变形(真应变量0.4)对连续冷却相变组织的影响和连续转变冷却(CCT)曲线。实验结果表明,当齿轮钢 未变形时,获得完全多边形铁素体+珠光体混合组织的临界冷速为0.5~1℃/s,冷速较快时,中温相变产物 由贝氏体及针状铁素体组成;奥氏体变形时,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,获得完全多边形铁素体+珠光 体混合组织冷速增大,为1~2℃/s,中温相变产物没有出现贝氏体,只有针状铁素体。     

硅质量分数对CSP生产DP600相变规律及工艺的影响

基于C Si Mn Cr Mo系600 MPa级热轧双相钢的组分,设计了不同硅质量分数(0.55%和1.17%)的两种试验钢。采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机测定了两种试验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了硅质量分数对试验钢连续冷却过程中组织转变的影响,并研究了硅质量分数对短流程生产中温卷取型热轧双相钢生产工艺的影响。结果表明,相对于w(Si)=1.17%,w(Si)=0.55%使铁素体开始转变温度降低40~50 ℃,明显缩短了铁素体转变的孕育期,并增加了铁素体的体积分数。在CSP线上生产时,低硅钢的终轧温度可控制为820~830 ℃,低的终轧温度使铁素体相变时间增加2.2 s左右,铁素体转变量增加,且后续相变过程中可避免非马氏体组织的出现。因此,低硅钢适合在CSP短流程线上生产中温卷取型热轧双相钢。     

工艺参数对耐蚀钢12CuCrNiV组织与性能的影响

采用热力模拟试验机、光学显微镜、显微硬度计研究了耐蚀钢12CuCrNiV在不同冷却速率下的连续冷却组织转变规律,并绘制其CCT曲线,同时研究了形变温度和冷却速度对耐蚀钢热变形后的组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明:连续冷却转变情况下,耐腐蚀钢在冷速小于15℃/s时,有铁素体转变;冷速小于1℃/s时,有珠光体转变;冷速在0.5~20℃/s之间时,有贝氏体转变。控制冷速在5~15℃/s可得到铁素体和贝氏体复相组织。随变形温度的降低,试验钢形变过程中形变诱导铁素体相变现象显著,且伴随有M/A岛生成;随冷却速度的增高,形变诱导相变现象减弱,M/A岛数量减少。与连续冷却试验相比较,形变诱导析出现象明显,其硬度增量为40~50HV,形变可使试验钢的析出向更高冷速移动。     

快冷条件下钒对中低氮钢晶粒尺寸的影响

通过实验室轧制试验,研究了中低氮含钒钢在轧后快速冷却条件下的铁素体晶粒尺寸和屈服强度的变化规律.结果表明,加入钒能够细化铁素体晶粒,原因是在快速冷却条件下中低氮含钒钢中的钒全部固溶在基体中,固溶的钒降低铁素体的实际相变温度,从而细化了铁素体晶粒.     

含铌抗大变形管线钢奥氏体的连续冷却转变

The CCT behaviors of two bearing Nb polygonal ferrite-bainite high strength and high-deformability pipeline steels were studied in undeformed condition, The static CCT curves were constructed. The static CCT curves, microstructures and microhardness of two experimental steels were compared. It was found that microstructures of these steels contain polygonal ferrite, pearlite, bainite as cooling rate from 0.0278 to 42.5�桤s-1; Addition of Nb in the steel retards polygonal ferrite and granular bainite transformation, suppresses ferrite growth and refine ferrite grain, makes transformation line of bainite right shift, narrows the range of cooling rate of ferrite transformation, raises start temperature of ferrite and banite transformation; ferrite transformation zone is narrowed and the bainite transformation zone is expanded with increasing of Nb.     

Development of TiMicroalloyed 600 MPa Hot Rolled High Strength Steel

 A high strength steel with tensile strength on the order of 710MPa had been development successfully with only addition of titanium alloy element based on a low carbon steel. The results show the hot deformation accelerates ferrite and pearlite transformation and retards bainite transformation under continuous cooling condition. The microstructure of this steel is mainly composed of fine-grained ferrite and carbides distributed along the ferrite grain boundaries. The yield and tensile strengths of steels are about 620～650MPa and 720～740MPa, respectively, and the values of strain hardening exponent (n) and plastic strain ratio (r) are 0.12 and 0.80, respectively, thus providing well-matched strength with toughness. In short, the fine-grained ferrite and TiC nano-precipitates play an effective role in strengthening the steel.     

Continuous cooling transformation behavior of hot rolled TRIP 600 steel produced by CSP process

The continuous cooling transformation behavior of hot rolled TRIP 600 steel produced by CSP process was investigated by means of Thermecmastor- Z thermal simulation testing machine, Formastor- F full automatic transformation instrument, OM, SEM and microhardness tester. The dynamic and static continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves of the experimental steel were obtained. And the effect of deformation on phase transformation behavior was discussed. The results show that the temperature of austenite to ferrite and the volume fraction of ferrite gradually decrease with the increase of cooling rate. The transformation temperature range of the pro- eutectoid ferrite is 480-716??. Meanwhile, the transformation temperature range of pearlite is 519-647??, and the volume fraction of pearlite     

Effect of hot deformation and Nb precipitation on continuous cooling transformation of a high-Nb steel

In this work, the effects of hot deformation on continuous cooling transformation of a high-Nb steel were investigated on a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator. The amounts of dissolved Nb were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Furthermore, the effects of hot deformation and Nb precipitation on phase transformation were discussed. Results showed that high-Nb steel is suitable for acicular ferrite pipeline steels because the acicular ferrite microstructure can be obtained in a wide cooling rate range. Hot deformation strongly accelerates the polygonal ferrite transformation and increases the critical cooling rate to obtain a full acicular ferrite microstructure. Moreover, hot deformation markedly refines the final microstructure and improves the mechanical properties of acicular ferrite obtained at a high cooling rate. However, hot deformation can also promote Nb precipitation during holding and even cooling at low rates after hot deformation. Nb precipitation dramatically promotes the polygonal ferrite, weakens the effect of Nb in solution on phase transformation and strengthening, and decreases the microhardness.     

Reverse transformation of ferrite and pearlite to austenite in an ultrafine-grained low-carbon steel fabricated by severe plastic deformation

Reverse transformation characteristics of a low-carbon steel consisting of ultrafine-grained (UFG) ferrite and severely deformed pearlite by severe plastic deformation were investigated and compared to those of the steel having coarse-grained (CG) ferrite and undeformed pearlite by austenitization and subsequent air cooling. Coarse-grained steel exhibited two serial transformation stages, i.e., pear-lite → austenite followed by ferrite → austenite. Contrarily, UFG steel transformed with the three serial stages, i.e., probably carbon-supersaturated ferrite → austenite, not-fully-dissolved pearlite → austenite, and ferrite → austenite transformations.     

微量铜和砷对Ti-IF钢铁素体相变行为和组织的影响

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,结合膨胀仪研究了微量铜和砷对连续加热过程和冷却过程中Ti-IF钢相变动力学的影响;结合光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,模拟研究了微量铜和砷对不同热轧终轧温度条件下TiIF钢的铁素体晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明:与几乎不含铜和砷的Ti-IF钢相比,铜、砷的质量分数为0.08%、0.04%的Ti-IF钢中的铜和砷显著提高连续加热过程中Ti-IF钢奥氏体相变的开始温度和连续冷却过程中铁素体相变的结束温度。这主要是由于砷是封闭铁基奥氏体区的元素。由于微量砷提高铁素体相变的结束温度,导致铁素体晶粒尺寸反常粗大。因此,对于残余砷含量较高的Ti-IF钢,应适当控制较高的热轧终轧温度,以避免形成粗大的铁素体组织。     

冷却速度对 900 MPa 级冷轧马氏体钢组织性能的影响

以高氢冷却工艺连退生产线为基础,以 900 MPa 级冷轧马氏体超高强钢为研究对象,研究了连续冷却相变区转变规律和连退快速冷却工艺对钢的力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,连续冷却相变区由先共析铁素体转变区、贝氏体转变区和马氏体转变区组成,随着冷却速度的增加,先共析铁素体含量逐渐下降,贝氏体和马氏体含量逐渐上升,当冷却速度大于 40 ℃/s 时,不再有先共析铁素体生成;当冷却速度大于 80 ℃/s 时,则完全进入马氏体转变区。随着连退快冷工艺中冷却速度的增加,钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和屈强比逐渐增加,断后伸长率逐渐下降。当冷却速度为 50 ℃/s 时,钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后伸长率就已经达到了 900 MPa 级冷轧马氏体超高强钢的力学性能要求。     

Microstructural evolution during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation from deformed austenite

It is well established that the ferrite grain size of low-carbon steel can be refined by hot rolling of the austenite at temperatures below the nonrecrystallization temperature (T _nr ). The strain retained in the austenite increases the number of ferrite nuclei present in the initial stages of transformation. In this work, a C-Mn-Nb steel has been heavily deformed by torsion at temperatures below the determined T _nr for this steel. After deformation, specimens are cooled at a constant cooling rate of 1 °C/s, and interrupted quenching at different temperatures is used to observe different stages of transformation. The transformation kinetics and the evolution of the ferrite grain size have been analyzed. It has been shown that the stored energy due to the accumulated deformation is able to influence the nucleation for low undercoolings by acting on the driving force for transformation; this influence becomes negligible as the temperature decreases. At the early stages of transformation, it has been observed that the preferential nucleation sites of ferrite are the austenite grain boundaries. At the later stages, when impingement becomes important, ferrite coarsening accompanies the transformation and a significant reduction in the number of the ferrite grains per unit volume is observed. As a result, a wide range of ferrite grain sizes is present in the final microstructure, which can influence the mechanical properties of the steel.