建造和丰富武器故障诊断专家系统的知识库

为了模拟现实专家的诊断过程,计算机专家系统中将知识分为原理知识和经验知识,对应的诊断为原理诊断和经验诊断。文中介绍了获取有关电子类设备故障诊断时所需原理知识和经验知识的基本方法,分析了原理诊断和经验诊断之间的关系,进而研究了专家系统的一种自学习新方法CBR,即把原理诊断的成功案例当作知识源,通过对案例进行学习,从而获取经验知识,完善经验知识库,在后续的诊断中可以大量节约诊断成本。这种方法较好地模拟了现实专家的诊断过程。同时对丰富类似的专家系统的经验知识库的知识,有参考价值。     

HILK: A new methodology for designing highly interpretable linguistic knowledge bases using the fuzzy logic formalism

This work describes a new methodology for making easier the design process of interpretable knowledge bases. It considers both expert knowledge and knowledge extracted from data. The combination of both kinds of knowledge is likely to yield robust compact systems with a good trade‐off between accuracy and interpretability. Fuzzy logic offers an integration framework where both types of knowledge are represented using the same formalism. However, as two knowledge bases may convey contradictions and/or redundancies, the integration process must be made carefully. Results obtained, in four well‐known benchmark classification problems, show that our methodology leads to highly interpretable knowledge bases with a good accuracy, comparable to that achieved by other methodologies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Toward the integration of knowledge for engineering modeling and computation

Recent developments in computer science, especially in the area of artificial intelligence (AI), have made possible the representation of knowledge in symbolic terms. This, in turn, has made it possible to represent and integrate a broader range of engineering knowledge so as to provide new kinds of computer support for both analysis and design. This paper presents a typology of engineering knowledge to provide a conceptual basis for its computational integration. A review of the roles of numerical, geometric, and symbolic representations is also given within the context of the knowledge typology. Illustrations are provided from the domain of structural engineering.     

Exploring the learning effectiveness of financial literacy from the microworld perspective: Evidence from the simulated transactional interactive concurrent system

Because the microworld can create a learning environment that allows learners to interact with the real world, the view of the microworld has been widely used in education and training. In this study, the simulated transactional interactive concurrent system (STICS) was used to provide an environment that simulates the stock market trading of the Taiwan Stock Exchange; the goal is to explore the effectiveness of using STICS in enhancing the financial literacy of students. This study adopts a quasi-experimental design approach and divides students into two groups. The intervention group was made up of 42 students who learned financial knowledge aided by STICS, with a comparison group consisting of 43 students who learned with traditional lecturing and dictating methods. The study found that learners who used the STICS as an aid to learn financial knowledge had significantly better learning effectiveness than those who did not use STICS, in terms of motivation, attitude, and achievement. The intervention group also made significant improvements in average scores in learning motivation and achievement after 8 weeks of experimental teaching and learning.     

A self-learning and self-optimizing framework for the fault diagnosis knowledge base in a workshop

The knowledge base is an essential part of the fault diagnosis system, which is crucial to the performance of fault recognition. As the intelligence of the fault diagnosis system has made persistent advance, the increasing demands for diversity and dynamic update have posed challenges to the knowledge base. In this paper, a framework for the fault diagnosis knowledge base is proposed to address the challenges mentioned above. Firstly, a dynamic clustering model is designed using the proposed semi-supervised multi-spatial manifold clustering method to recognize attribute clusters and aggregate new types. When new types are added to this model, it is constantly updated to achieve the automatic evolution of the knowledge base for the diversity of fault. Then, a knowledge evolution model is established by the generative adversarial network algorithm to achieve self-learning and self-optimizing capabilities of the knowledge base. This method learns the distribution of knowledge elements and generates new knowledge elements to optimize the clustering model. Finally, a series of comparative experiments are carried out on bearing datasets to verify the validity of the mentioned framework and models. The comparison results indicate that the proposed method has better performance in fault diagnosis. This research can not only update the knowledge base, but also provide a feasible approach for designing an autonomous knowledge base with self-optimizing and self-learning capabilities.     

智能决策支持系统的一种学习推理机

介绍几种软计算技术，并利用软计算融合技术，提出一种新的智能决策支持系统的学习推理系统。该学习推理系统可以用作智能决策支持系统的学习模块，由此可以生成智能决策支持系统的知识库。     

基于本体的案例推理模型研究*

提出了基于本体的案例检索及相似性评估方法和基于本体的案例适配模型,使得CBR(case-based reasoning)系统的开发可在语义层次上进行相似性评估和案例适配,这样得到的结果更能反映用户的真实需求;并且CBR所需要的领域知识可从本体中获取,大大降低了传统CBR系统中知识获取的瓶颈。最后在此基础上,提出了基于本体的CBR系统模型框架,从软件复用的角度提高了CBR系统的开发效率。     

Using a simulation model for knowledge elicitation and knowledge management

The work reported in this paper is part of a project simulating maintenance operations in an automotive engine production facility. The decisions made by the people in charge of these operations form a crucial element of this simulation. Eliciting this knowledge is problematic. One approach is to use the simulation model as part of the knowledge elicitation process.This paper reports on the experience so far with using a simulation model to support knowledge management in this way. Issues are discussed regarding the data available, the use of the model, and the elicitation process itself.     

数据库中的知识发现在飞行器故障诊断中的应用

论文提出了在大型数据库中,为飞行器故障诊断的KDD故障诊断树和知识演变模式。其思想是在飞行器工程领域中,创建故障诊断树和基于知识演变的系统。这种知识演变模式提供了同步和交互进行的两种处理模式:数据挖掘处理和优化处理。在基于知识演变模式中,数据挖掘处理在信念空间层进行符号推理,而优化处理在整体空间层进行查询。这些模式和故障诊断树都是为快速查找飞行器故障服务的,可以有效地提高飞行器试验的成功率。     

通用法规知识库系统的设计

建立法规知识库系统有助于增强执法公正性,提高执法效率。文章讨论了法规知识库系统的设计思想和系统结构。系统采用广泛使用的产生式系统实现,并对基本的产生式系统作了一些改进,知识库由规则库和已定案例库组成,推理采用二级推理。最后给出了系统存在的问题及解决的方法。     

A Neural-based Model for Fast Continuous and Global Robot Location

One of the problems in the field of mobile robotics is the estimation of the robot position in an environment. This paper proposes a model for estimating a confidence interval of the robot position in order to compare it with the estimation made by a dead-reckoning system. Both estimations are fused using heuristic rules. The positioning model is very valuable in estimating the current robot position with or without knowledge about the previous positions. Furthermore, it is possible to define the degree of knowledge of the robot previous position, making it possible to adapt the estimation by varying this knowledge degree. This model is based on a one-pass neural network which adapts itself in real time and learns about the relationship between the measurements from sensors and the robot position.     

Locomotion control of a four-legged robot embedding real-time reasoning in the force distribution

This paper discusses the application of rule-based reasoning to manage in real time the force distribution computation within a locomotion control of quadruped robots. The control uses input–output linearization in the attitude subsystem, and optimal linear control in the overall locomotion system. The force distribution approach provides more adaptability and flexibility to the locomotion control, because the system is capable of fast adaptation to a wide variety of situations. Rules defining the knowledge about how to deal with walk events and feet forces calculation are presented. The rule-based reasoning is made using the system (LAAS).     

An Argumentation Shell for Supporting the Development and Drafting of Legal Arguments

This article describes an argumentation shell to support the formulation, representation and drafting of legal arguments. The shell can be used to capture generic arguments in many legal domains as well as to assist decision-makers in constructing their own actual arguments . The shell demonstrates that knowledge represented using the generic/actual argument model (GAAM) (a variant of Toulmin's argument structure) can be used to: (a) support the development of complex arguments, (b) add context and increase specificity for the retrieval of relevant documents, (c) incorporate background knowledge, (d) assist in the drafting of documents that represent arguments made, and (e) provide a structure for complex inferences requiring a range of mechanisms. The shell can be used to support decision making in a range of legal domains, including discretionary domains.     

专家整定PID控制系统的设计

应用专家系统及专家控制系统的基本知识设计了一专家整定PID控制系统的实例，其中知识是由经验所得规则构成，实例分析选取了有自平衡、无自平衡和有延迟的对象，并通过TurborC编程实现。     

Accumulating and visualising tacit knowledge of teachers on educational assessments

Assessments, embedded with teachers’ implicit (i.e. tacit) domain knowledge, play an important role in evaluating ’comprehension of a subject. The knowledge on the importance of both the concepts and their relationships of a subject, if captured, made explicit, and shared around, may greatly help teachers construct more effective assessments. This study establishes a methodology to accumulate tacit knowledge of specific topics from collected assessments by using an implicit knowledge extraction mechanism and, visualises the overall importance distribution of concepts by using knowledge maps for helping teachers compile their assessments. Several two stage experiments, scheduled for one semester, were conducted in the third grade natural science courses at elementary schools in Taiwan. Eighteen teachers who actually teach the courses participated in the experiments, and thirty students were in each course. In the first stage, teachers compiled assessments without using IKMAAS’s knowledge map features while in the second stage, they did use them. System usage records, questionnaires and interview results were used for evaluating the usability of the methodology and the satisfaction of using IKMAAS. The results indicate the potential of the methodology, as each of the teachers agreed that the visualised assessment knowledge helped them to comprehend the proportions of concepts they intended to test easily and, additionally, helped them to clearly notice concepts they may have ignored. Yet the results in this study also show the potential of using knowledge maps and knowledge accumulating methodology in pedagogy paradigm.     

A method toward dynamic e-learning services modeling and the cooperative learning mechanism

The advanced information technologies have made it possible for individuals to carry out cooperative learning efficiently and effectively from anywhere and at any time. To capitalize on the individual need and address the issues associated with the late entry into the e-learning area, it has great significance to study the service mechanism of CSCL on e-learning service and e-learning service computing modeling. This paper proposes an e-learning service model supporting for the life-cycle process management. The proposed model is developed by considering the learner’s behaviours during e-learning services, the scheduling policies, and the monitoring mechanism of learning activities. Business process modeling for e-learning services can be taken according to the study ordering of the knowledge points by using workflow modeling technology and process enactment mechanism. The overall life-cycle process management of knowledge is addressed by combining knowledge product modeling, knowledge resource modeling, and credit polices for member selection in research team by considering trust value of learners, advisers and providers in e-learning services. The proposed method can be used for supporting the sustainable development of e-learning services from planning and design, organizing e-learning process, maintenance of the e-learning process, to process improvement, as well as to support learners and advisers to effectively complete innovative team study and complex computation study. Lastly, an extended topic map tool has been developed by adding a knowledge requirement level and an information extraction tool to validate the proposed methodology. These tools can used to guide learners to concentrate on the required knowledge topics and drive knowledge providers to redevelop outdated knowledge hierarchy.     

面向属性（对象）多粒度概念格之间的关系

受粗糙集中多粒度标记信息系统研究的启发,对于多粒度标记的形式背景,不同粒度标记下形成的概念格之间存在着一些联系,这在形式概念分析理论中属于热点研究问题。为了研究不同粒度标记下形成的概念格之间的关系,首先讨论了不同粒度标记下的生成的极值算子之间的关系;其次通过极值算子之间的关系,对不同粒度标记下形成的面向对象的概念格之间的关系进行了研究;再利用面向属性的概念格和面向对象的概念格之间的互补关系,对不同粒度标记下形成的面向属性的概念格之间的关系进行了研究,实现了在已知细粒度标记下的形式背景、粗粒度标记下的形式背景,通过细粒度标记下的知识推断出粗粒度标记下的知识;最后在此基础上提出了相应的概念格生成的方法。     

Support for the sense-making activity of managers

The knowledge management literature has focussed on the creation and capture of organisational knowledge, but little attention has been paid to the ways in which senior managers make sense of, and use, this knowledge for decision making. This paper describes a new approach to the study of this problem using the cultural-historical activity theory. This theory takes activity, mediated by tools and the community, as the basic component in purposeful human work. A consequence of using this theory is the recognition of the pivotal role of the sense-making activity in linking the processes of knowledge management and strategic decision-making.     

高校学生食堂队列问题的分析与模拟

文章利用数据结构有关队列、线性表、邻接矩阵等方面的知识,采用C语言编制出了高校学生食堂打饭排队这一业务的模拟程序。并通过该程序对学生打饭排队问题作出了分析与研究。     

Dependence directed reasoning and learning in systems maintenancesupport

The maintenance of large information systems involves continuous modifications in response to evolving business conditions or changing user requirements. Based on evidence from a case study, it is shown that the system maintenance activity would benefit greatly if the process knowledge reflecting the teleology of a design could be captured and used in order to reason about he consequences of changing conditions or requirements, A formalism called REMAP (representation and maintenance of process knowledge) that accumulates design process knowledge to manage systems evolution is described. To accomplish this, REMAP acquires and maintains dependencies among the design decisions made during a prototyping process, and is able to learn general domain-specific design rules on which such dependencies are based. This knowledge cannot only be applied to prototype refinement and systems maintenance, but can also support the reuse of existing design or software fragments to construct similar ones using analogical reasoning techniques