基于可靠AP选择和深度置信网络的室内定位算法*

因受到非视距传播等影响,基于位置指纹的室内定位精度不高。针对此问题,提出一种基于可靠AP选择和深度置信网络(DBN)的室内定位算法(RAP-DBN)。离线阶段,利用改进k-means聚类算法将定位区域划分成若干子区域,并依据Fisher准则和各AP缺失频率,选取分辨能力强且可靠的AP节点作为子区域的训练节点,最后采用DBN模型对各子区域参考点数据进行训练;在线阶段,根据接收信号强度判别测试点所属的类簇,并根据训练好的DBN模型在线估计测试点位置。实验结果表明,和WKNN算法、M-WKNN算法以及PSO-ANN算法相比,改进算法在定位精度和稳定性方面均有所提高。     

基于DBSCAN与KNN的室内定位算法

针对位置指纹室内定位算法中定位精度不足、计算量大、实时性较差的问题，提出了一种将聚类算法（DBSCAN）应用于传统定位算法的解决方案。离线阶段通过各参考点的接收信号强度进行聚类，将定位区域划分为多个子区域，在每个子区域选择一个中心节点，构造新型位置指纹数据库存储数据。在现阶段，通过各个子区域中心节点进行粗定位，根据参考标签所在的子区域对传统定位算法进行权重优化。实验结果表明，平均定位误差为1.63 m。该算法在提升定位精度的同时，提升了定位的实时性。     

基于有序聚类和MSKPCA的室内定位算法

针对指纹室内定位算法中环境动态变化对Wi-Fi信号的干扰和定位实时性较差的问题,提出一种基于有序聚类和多尺度核主成分分析的Wi Fi指纹室内定位算法.离线阶段采用参考点可检测接入点序列的最长公共子序列衡量相似度,通过有序聚类划分子区域.在线阶段先进行粗定位,选择最优尺度的核主成分分析模型处理子区域指纹数据,使用朴素贝叶斯加权K近邻算法预测目标节点位置.实验结果表明,该算法可有效提升定位精度,86.7％的定位误差在1.2m以内.     

一种基于N-最优阶次序列的无线传感器网络节点定位方法

基于阶次序列的无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor networks, WSN)定位方法是一种新颖的高精度定位方法, 该方法将定位空间划分为不同的子区域, 每个子区域用一条阶次序列唯一标识. 但该方法存在区域边界节点定位误差较大且不能保证平均定位误差最优. 提出了一种基于N-最优阶次序列的节点定位方法. 首先基于无线信号衰减模型产生虚拟测试点, 以参考点为样本, 通过随机采样确定最优N值,然后选择阶次位于前N位的序列所表示的子区域, 对目标进行加权定位. 文中完成了100个节点的仿真实验、15个ZigBee网络硬件节点的室外实验以及10个ZigBee硬件节点的防空洞模拟矿井应用实验. 结果表明, 本文方法有效地降低了平均定位误差, 并改善了边界节点的定位精度.     

一种基于SBL和APIT的混合定位算法

由于子区域分割粒度的限制,基于阶次序列的定位算法(Sequence-based localization,SBL)存在边缘区域节点定位误差较大和不能保证平均定位误差性能的问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于SBL和APIT的混合定位算法,利用APIT信标三角形切割SBL算法子区域,减小子区域面积,实现了分割粒度的细化。通过预先进行系统训练,优化了混合算法的加权系数,进一步提升了算法的定位精度。仿真结果表明,相比于原算法,所提出的混合算法有效地提升了边界区域节点的定位精度,其平均定位误差降低了17.9%,使基于阶次序列的定位算法的定位精度得到了有效改善。     

无线传感器网络的分区域质心定位算法

针对无线传感器网络（WSNs）质心定位算法定位精度较低和一般的改进型质心算法计算复杂及数据通信量大的问题,提出一种新的质心定位算法——分区域质心定位（RPCL）算法.该算法将包围未知节点邻居锚节点组成的三角形划分为7个区域,每个区域的确定1个质心作为未知节点的估计位置.仿真结果表明：RPCL算法的平均定位误差比一般的质心定位算法减小20％以上;参数优化后,误差减少到49％左右.     

一种基于DV-Hop的无线传感器网络节点定位算法

针对无线传感器网络节点的自身定位问题,提出一种基于分布式协作的DV-Hop改进算法.在距离计算的基础上,采用最大似然估计方法选取共线度较低的参考点作为锚节点.综合考虑所有锚节点,以可信度为准则,通过加权平均计算每一个未知节点的平均跳距.计算未知节点的定位误差,将误差低于预设阈值的未知节点转化为锚节点,扩大定位范围.仿真结果表明,在初始锚节点数和通信半径相同的情况下,该算法的定位误差比DV-Hop算法减少约20％,尤其当节点密度较小时,其定位误差可稳定在40％以下.当节点通信半径超过10 m时,该算法的剩余节点比例可降低约30％.     

水下机器人协同控制的TO模型区域划分定位

针对稀疏型水声传感器网络定位算法面临的定位覆盖率低和误差高的问题, 本文提出一种水下机器人协 同控制的截角八面体(TO)模型区域划分定位算法. 首先搭建定位系统模型, 提出TO模型满足三维目标区域划分原 则, 并证明其体积比相对最优; 然后设计TO模型最优区域划分方式, 提出最小值判定法进一步整合目标节点, 自主 水下机器人(AUVs)协同控制筛选包含目标节点的子区域; 通过分析通信半径和虚拟锚节点数量对实验结果的影响, 设置最优定位参数, 降低能耗和定位误差, 最后利用最小二乘法完成定位. 本文分别对定位覆盖率、子区域AUV路 径长度和定位精度进行了仿真实验, 结果表明, 相比于其他区域划分方案, 所提算法误差较小、定位覆盖率高且鲁 棒性强.     

一种改进的质心定位及误差校正算法

在信标节点分布不均匀的情况下,为了使节点定位的误差尽可能小以及在误差校正过程更加有效和可靠,提出一种改进的质心定位算法。该算法首先确定未知节点通信范围内的信标节点,然后取部分这些信标节点作为顶点构成凸多边形,通过RSSI获取未知节点与凸多边形的各个顶点的距离,之后将质心定位的凸多边形内的所有信标节点都作为校正节点,由这些校正节点得到相对应的校正因子,通过添加权重因子综合所有的校正因子来替换未知节点的测距误差因子,对测距误差进行补偿,最后利用加权质心定位方法确定未知节点的最终位置。仿真实验表明:在信标节点分布不均匀的情况下,在100 m×100 m的监测区域内,该算法相比于其他定位算法具有更强的抗干扰能力,而且平均定位误差至少减少12%,是一种定位精度更高的算法。     

自适应AP选择无线室内定位算法

针对接收信号强度的无线室内定位算法中无线接入点（AP）具有相关性和区域性问题,提出自适应AP选择无线室内定位算法。针对AP具有相关性,在线阶段提出基于互信息和信息熵的AP选择算法,联合衡量AP子集内所有AP间的相关性,搜索包含有效位置信息最多的AP子集。对于AP的区域性问题,离线阶段对参考点高斯邻域内原始RSS采样数据进行最小二乘高斯曲线拟合,并提出优先度函数衡量AP性能。最后,采用KL散度实现待定位节点位置估计。与WKNN、MLE算法相比,该算法有效地提高了无线室内定位精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。