热处理工艺对超级马氏体钢逆变奥氏体的影响

 试验采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）及能谱分析（EDS）等手段,研究不同铬含量的超级马氏体不锈钢在相同热处理工艺下逆变奥氏体含量、组织形貌及生长规律的异同。结果表明,13Cr和15Cr两试验钢经淬火＋回火后的显微组织为回火马氏体和逆变奥氏体,两试验钢中逆变奥氏体含量及尺寸均随着回火温度升高先增加再减小,且在650～700 ℃时达到最大。两试验钢内的逆变奥氏体在回溶过程中会对基体组织产生细化作用。通过对比发现,15Cr钢中的逆变奥氏体含量更多,尺寸更大,回溶时对基体的细化作用更明显。     

氮元素对Cr13超级马氏体不锈钢组织及性能的影响

为了提高超级马氏体不锈钢的性能以满足油气开采的使用要求,在Cr13超级马氏体不锈钢中添加质量分数为0.065%的N元素,并采用金相观察、SEM、拉伸试验、电化学测试等方法,研究N元素对Cr13超级马氏体不锈钢组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响。研究发现,N元素能细化原奥氏体晶粒、对组织中的回火马氏体有一定的"短化"作用,并且能有效减少组织中的δ铁素体、增加奥氏体的含量。在力学性能方面,适量的N元素因可以细化奥氏体晶粒和短化马氏体从而增加晶界和亚晶界,所以能有效提高试验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度。耐蚀性能方面,电化学实验表明,适量的N元素能提高钝化膜的保护能力和再钝化能力,所以在一定程度上能有效提高试验钢的耐蚀性能。     

锰对高氮超级马氏体不锈钢组织与性能的影响

为了进一步提高超级马氏体不锈钢的强塑性能和优良耐腐蚀能力,在实验室条件下研发制备了氮质量分数为0.35％、锰质量分数分别为0.4％和2.0％的2种新型超级马氏体不锈钢试料,并采用淬火-配分的工艺对其进行处理;借助万能试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射等方法对试验钢的微观组织和力学性能进行表征测试.研...     

形变马氏体对304L奥氏体不锈钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

非稳态奥氏体不锈钢在经过变形后,极容易产生形变马氏体组织。本实验分析了固溶处理后304L奥氏体不锈钢在5%～50%轧制变形下马氏体显微组织的变化情况,测量了不同变形量下形变马氏体含量。同时分析不同形变马氏体含量对304L奥氏体不锈钢拉伸力学性能,得到形变马氏体含量对材料拉伸力学性能的影响关系。     

节镍型奥氏体不锈钢中形变马氏体的产生和逆变规律

通过不同保温时间的退火处理,获得了具有不同晶粒度的节镍型奥氏体不锈钢试验材料.利用Gleeble-3000热模拟机进行不同变形程度、变形温度的冷加工,分析了变形程度、变形温度和原始晶粒度对形变马氏体含量的影响.对轧硬态节镍型奥氏体不锈钢进行不同温度和时间的热处理,研究了形变马氏体的逆变规律.结果表明,冷加工过程中,变形程度和变形温度对形变马氏体的产生有重要影响,而材料的原始晶粒度对形变马氏体含量没有显著影响.形变马氏体发生逆变的临界温度约为550℃,在800℃时,形变马氏体可以在20 s之内消除.     

硼微合金化对6Mo超级奥氏体不锈钢微观组织及耐蚀性影响

综述了6Mo超级奥氏体不锈钢凝固、热加工和热处理阶段的微观组织演化规律,并分析了合金元素对Mo偏析和σ相析出及耐蚀性能的影响规律.结合作者前期工作,重点分析了微合金化元素硼对其凝固阶段Mo偏析、热加工和热处理阶段σ相析出以及耐蚀性能的影响.硼抑制热加工过程中σ相的析出,减小析出相数量和尺寸,有利于热塑性提高;同时还可促...     

超级奥氏体不锈钢的发展

日益增长的工业需求推动着超级奥氏体不锈钢的研发,以研发时间为序阐述超级奥氏体不锈钢3个发展阶段。第1个阶段主要是为解决硫酸介质环境的耐腐蚀性而开发的不锈钢;第2个阶段是在第1阶段研发钢的基础上添加质量分数约为0.2%的N元素、并将Mo元素质量分数增加到约6%而研发的几种耐腐蚀性能良好的超级奥氏体不锈钢;第3个阶段是在6%Mo钢的基础上将Cr、Mo、N含量都进行较大幅度的提高,其中Mo元素质量分数增加到约7%,N元素质量分数控制在0.5%左右,并加入适量Mn元素而研发出耐腐蚀性优异的超级奥氏体不锈钢。阐述了超级奥氏体不锈钢研发过程中的2个重要技术,即炉外精炼与氮合金化技术,并展望了超级奥氏体不锈钢的未来发展及推广应用。     

Cu对304奥氏体不锈钢应变诱发马氏体相变的影响

借助 X-射线衍射分析法研究了 0.45% ~1.44%Cu 对(%)：0.068 ~ 0.072C 18.72~19.06Cr 、9.40~ 9.46Ni的304不锈钢-196 ℃低温拉伸应变诱发马氏体相变的影响。结果表明,Cu对304不锈钢-196 ℃应变诱 发e马氏体相变有明显的抑制作用;当Cu含量增至1.44%时,在经低温变形的钢中未检测到ε马氏体相变。随钢中Cu含量增加,-196℃ 应变诱发α'马氏体相变倾向降低,致使应变累积到一定程度后,流变应力低于低Cu钢。     

超级奥氏体不锈钢B66

耐蚀不锈钢及合金在海洋技术（近海、脱盐、海上民用及军用）中的应用越来越多，这是由于腐蚀环境越来越恶劣及对设备安全性要求的提高。天然海水对不锈钢有特殊的腐蚀性，只有合金化较高的不锈钢才能满足这种环境的耐腐蚀要求。DCN公司在2507超级双相钢UNS S32550、S32750和NiCrMo合金，特别是625合金（UNS N06625）和A59合金（UNS N06059）的研究方面有重要成果。在海水中进行多项耐腐蚀性研究后，NiCrMo合金和2507超级双相钢已被用于海水管线工程。一种新型不锈钢B66（UNSS31266）在海洋应用方面表现出令人很感兴趣的性能。     

脉冲电流对奥氏体不锈钢凝固组织的影响

采用储能电容为 15 0 μF的脉冲电源 ,在 5 2 1V和 2 6 4 7V两种充电电压下 ,对奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti进行电脉冲处理。结果表明 :脉冲电流能够细化奥氏体不锈钢的凝固组织 ,使奥氏体一次枝晶长度明显缩短 ,二次枝晶间距也有所减小。脉冲电流参数不同 ,其作用机理和效果不同。     

04Cr13Ni5Mo超级马氏体不锈钢焊接性能研究

模拟了04Cr13Ni5Mo超级马氏体不锈钢不同焊接热循环条件下热影响区组织,进行了焊条电弧焊接及焊后热处理试验,分析了焊接热模拟试样及焊条电弧焊接头的微观组织、力学性能.焊接热模拟试验结果表明,模拟热影响区的组织主要为低碳板条马氏体,其硬度较母材有较大提高,冲击韧性有所下降;模拟单道焊或多道焊时,不同的冷却速度及层间热处理对模拟热影响区的硬度及冲击韧性影响不大,600℃焊后回火热处理可以明显软化模拟热影响区组织,并让其冲击韧性恢复到较高水平.焊条电弧焊接结果表明,采用04Cr13Ni5MoRe型焊条及配套的焊后热处理工艺,可以获得良好综合力学性能的焊接接头.     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV

Martensitic stainless steel containing 12%-18%Cr have high hardness due to high carbon content. These steels are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel.The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment,especially as Cr and C content.Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance,a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed.This study emphatic researches the effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel.Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation;optical microscope（OM）,scanning electronic microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） have been carried out to microstructure observation;hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties.Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M₂₃,C₆ carbide,and finely distributed of M₂₃C₆ carbides can be observed on annealed microstructure of 6Cr15MoV stainless steel.6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range,the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to 60.8 -61.6 HRC when quenched at 1060 - 1100℃.Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure,and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain.With the increasing of quenching temperature,the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease.The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060-1100℃with tempered at 100-150℃,and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size.At these temperature ranges,the hardness will retain about 59.2-61.6 HRC and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 17.3-20 J.The morphology of impact fracture surface of tested steel is small dimples with a small amount of cleavage planes.The area of cleavage planes increases with the increasing of tempering temperature.     

Influence of temperature history on strain-induced austenite transformation in 304 stainless steel

Experimental investigations were undertaken to find temperature history effects on strain-induced austenite transformation in metastable 304 stainless steel. Interrupted static tension tests were performed at temperatures 0 and — 15°C. During the first stage of deformation specimens were deformed at temperature T₁. During the second stage temperature T₂ was applied. Cases T₁ > T₂ and T₁ < T₂ were examined. Final amounts of α’ martensite X_M were measured magnetically. A method for their summation of martensite amounts was sought for and a conclusion was obtained showing that the final amount of martensite can be calculated by the relationship X_M= f(ε)|T₂ where ε = ε_T1, + ε_T2 ±Δε. The corrective strain Δε depends on ε_T1. Its connection with true stress – true plastic strain curve at temperature T₁ is discussed in this investigation.     

Influence of strain-history on deformation-induced austenite transformation in 304 stainless steel sheet

In the present investigation experiments were carried out to find strain history effects on deformation-induced austenite transformation in a metastable stainless steel sheet. The aim of this work was to obtain information on a final amount of martensite formed during γ → α’ transformation under various strain paths. All tests were performed at room temperature and at 0°C. Relationships of volume fraction α’ martensite vs true plastic strain X_M = f(ε) are presented and analysed.     

热处理对超级13Cr不锈钢组织及拉伸性能的影响

 为了研究热处理工艺对超级13Cr不锈钢组织及拉伸性能的影响,采用了光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度测试及应变速率拉伸等试验方法。结果表明,经过水淬和油淬处理的超级13Cr不锈钢组织及拉伸性能相差不大。但相比于水淬,采用油淬的试样经回火处理后塑性得到更大提升。淬火试样经回火处理后,组织变为回火索氏体。随着回火温度升高,材料的塑性先增加后减小,硬度与强度变化则相反。620 ℃回火试样含有逆变奥氏体,强度塑性组合较好。二次回火能够增加超级13Cr不锈钢中逆变奥氏体含量,但塑性变化不明显,强度下降较大。     

Influence of dynamic austenite decomposition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pipe steel

The influence of deformation-induced ferrite transformation on the microstructure of microalloyed pipe steel is investigated by means of a Gleeble 3800 test system. The results show that such dynamic transformation permits considerable reduction in ferrite grain size and improves the mechanical properties of the steel.