差分法在FBG测温系统中的应用

为了提高系统的稳定性和抗干扰能力,将差分法应用于光纤 Bragg 光栅（FBG）测温系统中。给出了相应的理论计算,列出了差分补偿算法的步骤。实验针对25.0～75.0℃的温度测试范围进行检测,结果显示,回波信号对应的中心波长与温差的变化关系基本符合：每1.0℃得到0.04 nm 的偏移。采用差分型测温系统的系统误差低于0.5%,比单 FBG 的精度高4倍左右。具有更好的稳定性与抗干扰能力。     

瑞利散射辅助的分布式光纤测温系统

为了提高基于单模光纤的分布式光纤拉曼测温系统的传感性能,基于后向瑞利散射信号与反斯托克斯信号强度比值的双路解调方案,设计了一种瑞利散射辅助的分布式光纤测温系统,并在累加平均去噪算法的基础上,采用小波阈值降噪算法,有效提高了系统性能。实验结果表明,在10.5 km的单模光纤上,系统的测温精度可达±1.0℃,并实现了多点升温实验,能够满足实际工程应用的需求。     

基于卡尔曼滤波算法的嵌入式光纤光栅解调系统

针对目前光纤光栅解调系统算法复杂，需要借助上位机进行解调的不足，设计了一种基于卡尔曼滤波算法的嵌入式光纤光栅解调系统。该系统在STM32嵌入式平台上采用卡尔曼滤波算法，结合趋势判断算法实现了FBG中心波长的快速解调。实验结果表明，系统的测温精度可达±0.1℃,对FBG温度传感器中心波长的解调稳定性可达±3 pm,温度与波长线性变化的拟合度可达0.998以上，能够满足实际工程应用的需求。     

基于虚拟仪器和USB技术的热电偶测温系统设计

针对传统热电偶测温中的若干问题,设计了基于虚拟仪器和USB技术的测温系统;热电偶和AD590测量热端和冷端温度,USB采集卡实现信号的转换和传输;上位机软件利用LabVIEW编制,实现数字滤波、非线性和冷端补偿、生成统计直方图等功能;在0～200℃范围进行了实验,系统非线性误差为0.8%,对于同一温度点,顺测和回测的最大误差为0.6℃;这表明系统能够实现高精度实时补偿、重复性较好、结构简单、界面良好,可以满足工业测试的需要。     

基于光纤光栅的铝电解槽温度在线检测系统

针对现行铝电解生产过程中槽壳温度检测中存在的不足,通过分析铝电解槽热传导与散失,基于光纤光栅抗电磁干扰及耐腐蚀的优点,设计了新型温度传感器,并结合时分、波分复用技术构建了单槽104点实时温度监测系统.设计的FBG传感器测温范围为-20 ℃～400 ℃,精度为±2 ℃,监测系统巡检周期为20 s.系统所测得的温度为铝电解...     

光纤Bragg光栅电流传感器的温度补偿研究

在基于超磁致伸缩材料Tb0.30Dy0 70Fe1.95的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)大电流传感器的基础上,通过对传感头进行设计,提出了一种温度补偿的方案,解决了FBG的温度-应变交叉敏感问题,提高了传感器的精度.实验结果表明:在0～90℃的温度变化范围内,该传感器的Bragg波长差与电流变化具有较好的线性度,不受温度...     

热辐射型光纤高温传感器的研究

文中在分析了热电偶、红外测温存在的缺点的基础上设计了热辐射型光纤高温传感器;阐述了热辐射测温的基本原理,通过比色测温的方式来消除被测物体的光谱发射率、周围环境对测量精度的影响,采用双通道不带光调制方式来提高输出信号强度、测量精度;基于高温工况下光纤的易损坏特性,选择了合理的光纤及其保护材料,设计了光纤导入和切断结构;该系统测量范围为800～2000℃,测量精度可达0.5%,可以用于炼钢过程、燃气轮机等高温环境的温度测量.     

基于腰椎放大熔接的FBG热线式风力计

提出了一种基于腰椎放大熔接和光纤Bragg光栅（ FBG）的热线式风力计,传感结构由表面镀金属银膜的FBG和腰椎放大光纤熔接点构成。腰椎放大熔接点将高功率的泵浦激光由纤芯耦合到光纤包层,被镀银膜吸收产生热量,从而使FBG的温度升高。当气流经FBG时,部分热量会被带走,导致FBG的温度降低。FBG的中心波长随温度的变化而变化,因此,通过测量FBG波长的漂移即可以测得气流速度。实验结果表明：此FBG热线式风力计的测量范围为0～13.7 m/s,灵敏度和分辨率分别可达1.0 nm/（ m/s）和0.001 m/s。     

基于隧道磁阻效应的反正切转速测量方法

针对传统转速测试系统精度低、温度稳定性差、测量范围窄等问题,提出一种基于隧道磁电阻(TMR)效应的高性能转速测试系统.在没有误差校正的情况下实现了0.19°的位置检测精度,已经达到了工程应用中常见的2000线编码器精度.本方法在被测转轴上布置磁栅环,利用具有高分辨率高频响特性的隧道磁电阻传感器对磁栅微弱磁场变化进行检测,得出频率随转速变化的正余弦信号.实验分别采用定时测角法、定角测时法和反正切法计算转速,结果表明3种算法中反正切算法检测精度最高,可达1.25％,更适合于隧道磁阻转速测量系统.     

基于对数的NTC热敏电阻测温系统的设计

针对NTC热敏电阻阻值与温度(R-T)的非线性特性,为了提高测温精度,提出一种三阶对数公式法对R-T特性进行分段曲线拟合.该测温系统以三阶对数公式为基础进行了软硬件设计,实现了对船用柴油机的机油温度、冷却水温度的高精度测量.通过实验测试表明,在0～120℃温度范围内,采用该测温系统的测温误差小于±0.3℃.该测温系统已...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。