Architecture and Perspective in the Set Drawings of the Galli Bibiena

At the end of the seventeenth century, a revolutionary process in themes and techniques involves painting. The perspective’s rationality becomes the pretext for subverting the foundations and illusive dynamics of the architectural representation. In those years, quadratura painting and stage design become for the artists a common field of experimentation and spatial research. In this context, the artistic production of the Galli Bibiena both in scenographic and architectural field, it seems to have played a key role. This paper, after examining the relations between perspective painting and theatre scenes, and between built architecture and architectural imagery, focuses on a perspective analysis of the scene “drawing” of the Galli Bibiena. The aim has been to use perspective drawings as real project prefigurations, giving back through strict photogrammetry procedures, a great practicality and virtual materiality to the spaces and architectures simulated on the two-dimensions of the flat surface.     

中国传统建筑的符号学阐释

中国传统建筑是凝固的语言,记录着每个朝代的兴衰更替,无声的为我们诉说了几千年的灿烂史诗。文章从符号学的角度对传统建筑进行了论述,分别从建筑外形、空间布局、色彩以及建筑构件四个方面做了符号化的整合与提炼,形象的解析了较为具象的传统建筑。符号学是一门包容性很强的学科,它包含的信息量十分丰富,也等待更多的人去研究与探索。     

Correct architecture refinement

A method is presented for the stepwise refinement of an abstract architecture into a relatively correct lower-level architecture that is intended to implement it. A refinement step involves the application of a predefined refinement pattern that provides a routine solution to a standard architectural design problem. A pattern contains an abstract architecture schema and a more detailed schema intended to implement it. The two schemas usually contain very different architectural concepts (from different architectural styles). Once a refinement pattern is proven correct, instances of it can be used without proof in developing specific architectures. Individual refinements are compositional, permitting incremental development and local reasoning. A special correctness criterion is defined for the domain of software architecture, as well as an accompanying proof technique. A useful syntactic form of correct composition is defined. The main points are illustrated by means of familiar architectures for a compiler. A prototype implementation of the method has been used successfully in a real application     

浅谈西方绘画抽象性的形式体现

在西方绘画的表现方式中有一定的抽象性因素存在。西方绘画由"极似"走到"极不似",这种抽象因素对各种表现形式具有广阔的涵盖力、溶解性。从横向来说,它是对现实生活中各种具体事物的形态、动态、情趣、意象等的抽离和升华;从纵向来说,它是在漫长的人类艺术实践中由内容到形式的积淀过程。     

基于特征融合的小样本抽象画图像情感预测

绘画图像情感预测是目前情感计算中的一个研究热点。目前抽象画来源少,样本量小,其情感分析大多数采用的是图像低层特征,而且准确率不高。为此,提出一种基于特征融合的小样本抽象画图像情感预测方法。首先,分析了抽象艺术理论中组成绘抽象画的基本元素（点、线、面和颜色）与人类情感的关系,依据这些理论量化出抽象画图像的低层特征;然后,采用迁移学习算法,基于大样本数据在预训练网络上得到参数,并迁移至目标模型,再在小样本数据上对目标模型进行微调,得到图像高层特征;最后,将低层与高层特征进行线性融合,采用多分类支持向量机（SVM）实现抽象画图像的情感预测。在3个小样本抽象画数据集上进行实验,结果表明,与直接采用低层特征的方法相比,所提方法的分类准确率有所提高,证实了它在小样本抽象画的情感研究中的有效性。     

支持建筑墙体造型创新设计的方法研究*

进一步研究了建筑墙体造型的自动化设计,提出了建筑墙体设计的新方法,该方法通过线性不等式围成的凸空间来定义墙体设计的初始元,限制初始元所在的空间为以坐标原点为中心的一定大小的包围盒,并定义这些初始元的空间关系。鉴于建筑墙的特殊性,空间关系限制为相交关系,这里的相交包含相接。对空间关系的定义采取两种方式,一是由用户来手动设置,二是由计算机随机设置,采用向量空间定位法来判断空间关系的有效性。如果空间关系有效,则迭代执行两个形状衍生规则,计算得到不同的造型,空间关系不同衍生代数不同得到的造型也就不同。该方法实现了建筑墙体设计的自动化和智能化,从而达到了辅助设计的目的     

基于GPU与CPU协作的实时波束形成实现方法*

波束形成的实时性一直是声纳和雷达等领域信号处理过程中的重点和难点。本文采用基于CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture,统一计算设备架构)的GPU(Graphic Processing Unit,图形处理器)与CPU协作处理方法,实现了宽带波束形成的实时处理。本方法的处理速度相较于matlab和CPU平台可以提高一至两个数量级,相较于同等处理速度的多DSP平台则体现了开发周期短、费用低、工作量小和可靠性高等众多优势。     

一种发现运行时软件体系结构的方法

运行时软件体系结构能够准确描述目标系统的真实状态和行为,对指导软件的维护和演化起着重要的作用。本文提出了一种发现运行时体系结构的方法,利用系统实现与体系结构风格之间的对应关系,定义了一种基于规则的转换映射;将收集到的底层系统事件解释成体系结构层面的操作,从而可获取运行时体系结构视图;通过一个即时通信系统实例说明了该方法的可行性。     

Emotions in autonomous agents: comparative analysis of mechanisms and functions

Emotion mechanisms are often used in artificial agents as a method of improving action selection. Comparisons between agents are difficult due to a lack of unity between the theories of emotion, tasks of agents and types of action selection utilised. A set of architectural qualities is proposed as a basis for making comparisons between agents. An analysis of existing agent architectures that include an emotion mechanism can help to triangulate design possibilities within the space outlined by these qualities. With this in mind, twelve autonomous agents incorporating an emotion mechanism into action selection are selected for analysis. Each agent is dissected using these architectural qualities (the agent architecture, the action selection mechanism, the emotion mechanism and emotion state representation, along with the emotion model it is based on). This helps to place the agents within an architectural space, highlights contrasting methods of implementing similar theoretical components, and suggests which architectural aspects are important to performance of tasks. An initial framework is introduced, consisting of a series of recommendations for designing emotion mechanisms within artificial agents, based on correlations between emotion roles performed and the aspects of emotion mechanisms used to perform those roles. The conclusion discusses how problems with this type of research can be resolved and to what extent development of a framework can aid future research.     

Design frictions

A fusion of architecture and media technology, video-mediated spaces facilitate collaborative practices across spatial extensions. This paper contributes an architectural perspective on presence design, exploring its potential to create architectural extensions that facilitate knowledge sharing and remote presence. With the example of a mediated therapist, taken from the author’s design-led research (Gullstr?m 2010), the paper illustrates spatial design concepts (e.g. mediated gaze, spatial montage, shared mediated space), which, unaddressed, may be said to impose friction and thus impact negatively on the experience of witnessed mediated presence (Nevejan 2007). Mediated presence cannot be ensured by design; however, by acknowledging that certain features are related to spatial design, a presence designer can monitor them and, in effect, seek to reduce the ‘design friction’ that otherwise may inhibit, e.g., trust and knowledge sharing. It concludes that a presence-in-person paradigm prevails in our society, founded on the expectations of trust and knowledge sharing between individuals, and hereby addresses the contribution from presence design to architectural practice—as well as the reciprocal contribution from architecture to presence design—given that mediated spaces currently provide viable alternatives for meetings and interactions, hence with a fundamental impact on all human practices.     

SEIS++:一个油气勘探领域软件建造和集成的模式语言

工业化的软件复用从通用类库进化到了面向领域的应用框架和设计模式,与框架相比,设计模式更集中于软件体系结构中重复出现的设计韵律,它主要由可复用的抽象设计结构组成,特定领域内一组相关的设计模式构成了该领域的模式语言,它们可在领域内重复使用以完成某类特定系统的体系结构设计。     

Representation of Non-Metric Concepts of Space in Architectural Design Theories

The concept of space is one of the most important parts of architectural theory. There are many theories of space in architecture which can be examined from different point of views including mathematics and philosophy. In a mathematical sense, most of the architectural space theories deal with the three-dimensional Euclidean geometry. However, the development of the contemporary architecture has been marked with some other geometric concepts as well. New concepts of space, different from the three-dimensional Euclidean space, have had an impact on architecture since the beginning of the twentieth century. Moreover, in the past two decades growing interest toward a non-metric conception of spaces, where a notion of distance is not relevant, emerged in the theory and design of some contemporary architects. In this paper the relationship between non-metric conception of spaces and architectural design theories are analyzed and evaluated in order to show and the extent to which they are related.     

Visualizing references to off-screen content on mobile devices: A comparison of Arrows, Wedge, and Overview + Detail

When navigating large information spaces on mobile devices, the small size of the display often causes relevant content to shift off-screen, greatly increasing the difficulty of spatial tasks such as planning routes or finding points of interest on a map. Two possible approaches to mitigate the problem are Contextual Cues, i.e. visualizing abstract shapes in the border region of the view area to function as visual references to off-screen objects of interest, and Overview + Detail, i.e., simultaneously displaying a detail view and a small-scale overview of the information space. In this paper, we compare the effectiveness of two different Contextual Cues techniques, Wedge (Gustafson et al., 2008) and Scaled Arrows (Burigat et al., 2006), and a classical Overview + Detail visualization that highlights the location of objects of interest in the overview. The study involved different spatial tasks and investigated the scalability of the considered visualizations, testing them with two different numbers of off-screen objects. Results were multifaceted. With simple spatial tasks, no differences emerged among the visualizations. With more complex spatial tasks, Wedge had advantages when the task required to order off-screen objects with respect to their distance from the display window, while Overview + Detail was the best solution when users needed to find those off-screen objects that were closest to each other. Finally, we found that even a small increase in the number of off-screen objects negatively affected user performance in terms of accuracy, especially in the case of Scaled Arrows, while it had a negligible effect in terms of task completion times.     

Some Adaptations of Relativity in the 1920s and the Birth of Abstract Architecture

John Hatch examines the friendship between Theo Van Doesburg and El Lissitzky, which was fuelled by a shared interest in scientific theories. Both moved from painting to architecture in seeking out a form best suited to conveying the spatiotemporal experiences phrased by Relativity, resulting in some remarkably innovative architectural designs and theories.     

一个适用于遍在计算环境的中间件体系结构框架

1.背景随着计算技术和通信技术的发展,不仅桌式计算机变得非常普遍,非PC设备正以惊人的速度成为市场的主流,如:机顶盒、移动电话、PDA、家用电器、汽车电子、游戏机等等。特别是随着家庭网络和无线网络的发展,网络变得更加的普遍。计算已经不只限于桌面,它渗透到人们生活和工作的各个环节,这就是所谓的无处不在的计算环境(pervasive computing,简称遍在计算环境)。在这样的环境中,人们希望:即使他们在频繁地移动,或者各种资源在动态地加入或离开,他     

建筑空间与陶艺语言的交互方式

建筑历来是陶瓷材料的一个载体,两者的对话与交融为各自提供了更为广阔的拓展空间。现代陶艺经过长期的传承和实践,形成了丰富多彩的个性语言,并借助于建筑这个载体,更加丰富了其表现魅力和呈现方式,也丰富了建筑形式本身。陶艺语言与建筑空间交相辉映,互融互生,成为城市发展中一道亮丽的风景。     

Parallel computation of manipulator inverse dynamics

In this article, parallel computation of manipulator inverse dynamics is investigated. A hierarchical graph-based mapping approach is devised to analyze the inherent parallelism in the Newton-Euler formulation at several computational levels, and to derive the features of an abstract architecture for exploitation of parallelism. At each level, a parallel algorithm represents the application of a parallel model of computation that transforms the computation into a graph whose structure defines the features of an abstract architecture, i.e., number of processors, communication structure, etc. Data flow analysis is employed to derive the time lower bound in the computation as well as the sequencing of the abstract architecture. The features of the target architecture are defined by optimization of the abstract architecture to exploit maximum parallelism while minimizing various overheads and architectural complexity. An algorithmically specialized, highly parallel, MIMD-SIMD architecture is designed and implemented that is capable of efficient exploitation of parallelism at several computational levels. The computation time of the Newton-Euler formulation for a 6-degree-of-freedom (dof) general manipulator is measured as 187 μs. The increase in computation time for each additional dof is 23 μs, which leads to a computation time of less than 500 μs, even for a 12-dof redundant arm.